• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.269-286
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• 2013

This study analysed work types of Chinese bibliographical records based on FRBR model to identify how many useful data there are in bibliographical records and how much difference in usefulness there is according to themes. For the purposes, the study randomly extracted samples of 2,200 Chinese books with 100 cases of 22 kinds from "Chinese Library Classification" through National Library of China's OPAC, targeting Chinese books collected by the National Library of China to analyse the work types of Chinese bibliographical records and their usefulness in application of the FRBR model according to themes and data types. The results are summarized as follows: Firstly, in applying the FRBR model for Chinese bibliographical records, 18.6% was considered as useful works for which simple work was added to complex work. Secondly, although it is a fact that usefulness is higher as bibliographical relations are more complex, only works by famous people collected in 'Marxism-Leninism'(A) and some classics and modern masterpieces collected in 'Literature'(I) have diverse versions of works such as sequels, revision, reproduction, adaptation, and critical books. However, if criticism, review, explanation and bibliographical introduction are included in specific subjects of 'Military'(E), 'Language and Words'(H), 'Literature'(I) and 'Comprehensive Book'(Z), it was clear that their usefulness is relatively high.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.461-468
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• 2021

The role of drones is increasing day by day in smart construction that manages construction sites with 3D data in every life cycles. This is because both the digital surface model (DSM) and the orthoimage obtained for the construction site through the drone are made of point cloud data. This study aims to develop standard work types for drone use in order to systematically utilize drones in expressway construction sites. For the study, two expressway construction sites in Korea were set as test beds, and construction types applicable to drones were derived and verified through a pilot project. As a result of the study, three construction work types were developed for road planning, road design and maintenance, respectively, and in road construction, twenty-one detailed construction types were developed for five construction work types. It is expected that drones can be used more systematically not only at expressway construction sites, but also at other road construction sites by utilizing the "standard work type at expressway construction site for drone use" developed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.55-69
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the gender differences in the level of work/family spillover and factors explaining the spillover. Data are gathered from 1,236 Korean men and women aged between 30 to 59, using the structured questionnaire. The main results of this study are as follows. First, both men and women perceive moderate levels of negative and positive spillover from work to family. Second, the levels of negative family to work spillover are higher than then of positive family to work spillover. Third, men report higher levels of positive family to work spillover, but lower levels of negative family to work spillover than women. Sander differences in the levels of negative and positive spillover from work to family are not found. Fourth, only job characteristic factors are associated with four types of spillover of women, while the level of household labor sharing and spousal support are associated with work family spillover of men. Band on these findings, theoretical implications in terms of work-family research and gender norms are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.250-259
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• 1996

The school foodservice(FS) dietitians of conventional, co-management and central kitchen systems were compared for their levels of fatigue degrees in order to examine their work specification but no to diminish their educational roles. One hundred and thirtheen primary schools in Taejon and Chungcheongnam-Do participated in the survey, of which foodservice were consisted of 99 conventional types, 7 comanagement types and central kitchen types. Information was collected about the various working hours dietary behavior and fatigue symptoms of the dietitians. The results of this study were as follows : Among 3 school foodservice types, dietitians spent 8 hours and 16 minutes daily for their for their work on the average. However, the central kitchen type dietitans in cities spent 3 hours more compared to the others. The data from the dietitians' work schedule sheets showed that the 5 parts of dietitian's duties set in the school foodservice laws were not well performed. In the central kitchen type they spent more time for food production whereas in the conventional they spent more time for menu formation and hygiene control. It was found that fatigue levels of school foodservice dietitians were chronic with no difference among foodservice systems or among school locations. Our results indicated that nutrition education in primary schools was almost neglected. It is suggested that the school foodservice should meet all the objectives of school-lunch program even though they saved dietitians' work load more or less. The importance of students to improve their dietary habits could never be overlooked. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 250-259, 1996)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.828-840
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• 2011

Fine art and clothes have been closely connected since art became part of civilization. However, there relationship was one-sided rather than exchanging the essence of each other. In the $20^{th}$ century, modern art began to change. Artists started intervening clothes in their work as conceptual tools. In the 1960s, Marcel Duchamp started to study 'what is fine art?' He tried to perform anti-aesthetic work that denies traditional types and contents of fine art by reconsidering a concept of fine art that started a new chapter of conceptual art in the late $20^{th}$ century. Conceptual art is about concepts and ideas of the work rather than aesthetic and material concerns for the challenges traditional ideas. Conceptual art asks audiences for more active reactions. For these reasons, semi logical ideas and clothes became very important to conceptual art. This study categorizes and analyzes various roles of clothes in conceptual art. Conceptual arts since 1960 were studied in this research and the works of clothes were intervened were analyzed. The types of using clothes in conceptual art can be divided into 'ready made,' 'intervention,' 'data type,' 'language,' and 'action and process.' The different types were mixed together rather than used alone. Conceptual artists tried to deliver the characteristics and attributions of modern society through clothes. They expressed criticism of political society, anti war movements, absence caused by death, new lives, violated femininity, changed meanings of marriage, and absence of individual rights under the social system in their work. Clothes played their roles as concepts of various things including violated femininity, illusions of politicians, autocracy, new lives, social systems, and regulations.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1998

This study was performed to suggest the health management of farmers compared with different farming types, such as rice plant, livestock, horticulture, orchard and others, for the farmer's health enhancement. For this study, 720 subjects were selected in 8 provinces through cluster method, and relevent caculations for the analysis of the subjects were made SAS program, and tested significance with x$^2$ and F value, those probability levels were 0.1%, 1% and 5%. Among the subjects, aged 40's were 38%, females 66%, elementary graduates (32%), and think of living conditions were average (67%). In the self-consciousness test for health, there was no significant difference of farmers with farming types. In the aspect of agricultural work situation, they took holidays according to the weather conditions or no pressed work to be done. And They took a break “when they feel tired during work”. For the recovery of fatigue, sleeping was chosen as the most favorite (68%) followed bathing (17%). but exercise was the lowest (7%). In the case of working conditions, 74% of them replied they work under average condition, and only 9% of them thought they were under pleasant surroundings. And 37% of them have had healthy food, for health practice and restorative for health. 20% of them have had breakfast irregularly. In addition to the regular meal intake, sufficient re자 and pleasant agricultural working conditions would be necessary for health, and the farmers themselves should recognize the importance and care of health. The project for enhancement of the farmers' health is needed and who should give guideline to have the responsibility for health.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Apartment Housing 25 in the field of construction since 2000 collected by types of labor: reinforced concrete, plaster, internal, equipment, electrics communication, the other work. And the performance of labor input was collected in the amount of construction work performed on a monthly basis. After changing the construction period in the standardization work that is 100% of the construction period, the amount was converted into labor ratio by type. Analysis of the input flow rate and the amount of labor conclusions were as follows: (1) The size of the labor rate is reinforced concrete work (38.25%), plastering work (5.10%), internal work (5.67%), equipment work (9.10%), electrics communication (8.76%), the other works (33.12%) and the size of labor rate is the largest work in reinforced concrete work. (2) The peak of labor input ratio was from 52.5% month to 62.5% month. This was when the labor rate of 3.6%. (3) The period month of the largest labor ratio% is 35% month by reinforced concrete construction, and this time it was 2.12% per month labor rate, and reinforced concrete construction is finishing from 65% month to 80% month. This showed the greatest congestion of mutual interference between each works is being continue. The results of this study are the greatest congestion in apartment housing construction has informed the high period(%months), which is essential to a successful project.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.53-72
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of job involvement, job stress, and organizational culture on work-life harmonization of Korean employees. The data came from 481 employees in diverse organizations located in Seouland the metropolitan area. Key findings of the study were (a) job involvement was significantly different for different types of occupation and job positions, while job stress was significantly different based on gender, education, income, and the term of service; (b) perceptions of organizational culture by employees varied according to gender, age, position, the period of service, and firm size; (c) the level of work-life harmonization was not significantly different based on gender, age, marital status, education, and income - but it did differ significantly based on types of occupation and firm size; (d) the employee's type of education, job involvement, job stress, and organizational culture have effects on work-life harmonization.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.343-356
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• 2020

This paper examines the associations of having a helper for domestic work or childcare and time spent on it by couples in South Korea. We use five waves of panel survey data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF), which allows longitudinal changes within couples over time that account for potential selection effects and unobserved heterogeneity among individuals. With fixed effects, we find outsourcing is associated with a decrease in wife's time spent on domestic work or childcare by 1 hour per week. However, the decrease is concentrated on the unemployed wife's time, but not employed wife's time. In addition, outsourcing is not a significant factor for husband's time and the husband's share of total contribution. This may be because wives are the main provider of domestic work and childcare in Korea regardless of employment status or having any helper. Due to unequal contributions between husband and wife, using outsourcing also neither alleviates the employed wife's contribution nor changes the husband's contribution. However, the results may be underestimated because there are more common and diverse types of outsourcing in a broad sense, such as going out for dinner, buying prepared food, and using dry cleaning services. We expect future studies to consider more broad types of outsourcing and examine how relations with the couple's time use at home are different by type.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.137-145
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• 2012

This study was planned to analyze the effect of the types of employment on work-related injury experience. The types of employment may have influenced on working conditions including the exposure to risk factors. Korean Working Conditions Survey have collected the various working conditions as household survey with structured questionnaire. The probability of work-related injury of self-employed is more than that of regular worker. But there is no difference of probability of work-related injury experience between regular and irregular worker controlled by general characteristics and the exposure to risk factors. Authors have found that the type of employment have indirect effect on work-related injury experience via the exposure to risk factors. The result of this study may be heuristic one because of data limitation as cross sectional survey data. In future, well designed survey data can evaluate the effect of the type of employment on safety and health status.