• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The ecological background of a restoration project is complex and difficult to betermine without experimentation. A useful context for experiments is the well-studied process of natural succession, because the factors that drive or inhibit succession are also at work during reclamation (a form of primary succession) and restoration (which often resembles secondary succession). Using experimental studies on urban wasteland reclamation, we have tested for factors that stimulate or inhibit succession during early phases of woodland development in the Northeastern United states. The emphasis has been on mutualisms (seed dispersal, pollination, and mycorrhizae) and microsite limitations in the recruitment, growth, and reproduction of woody plants. Using plantings of seeds, seedlings, and clusters of reproductively mature plants on abandoned landfills, we have observed that (1) soil microsite deficiencies lead to very poor germination (<0.1$\%$) and seedling survival (<0.01$\%$) of most native species; (2) seed dispersal by birds is a significant and reliable source of woody plant recruitment; however (3) proximity effects are strong, with most (up to 95$\%$) of seed rain falling in the vicinity of planted clusters that are closest to putative seed sources; and (4) remnant natural woodlands are critical components of the recruitment process. To emphasize the last point, in one case, we found that the destruction of approximately 50$\%$ of nearby natural woodland vegetation led to a commensurate decline in seed rain. In another case, we found that the species richness of recruits was strictly limited by the species composition of nearby source plant communities, with no evidence of community enrichment by long distance dispersal over 5 years. We conclude from these results that the size and proximity of remnant natural populations are critical considerations when planning reclamation and restoration programs that rely on natural successional processes.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2011

우리나라 중부지역에 입지하는 3개 하천(안양천, 갑천, 섬강)을 대상으로 식생형에 따른 조류의 서식 유형을 파악하였다. 식생 유형은 교목형, 관목형, 장경-습생초지형, 단경-건생초지형, 기타 경작지형 등 5가지 유형이었다. 식생형과 출현 조류는 상관성이 높았는데, 교목형에서는 멧비둘기(Streptopelia orientalis) 및 직박구리(Hypsipetes amaurotis) 등의 종이, 관목형에서는 붉은머리오목눈이(Paradoxornis webbiana), 딱새(Phoenicurus auroreus) 등이, 장경 및 습생초지에서는 덤불해오라기(Ixobrychus sinensis), 개개비(Acrocephalus arundinaceus)등이, 단경초지에서는 꿩(Phasianus colchicus), 황조롱이(Falco tinnunculus) 등의 종이, 경작지에서는 중대백로(Egretta alba modesta), 흰뺨검둥오리(Anas poecilorhyncha) 및 밭종다리(Anthus spinoletta) 등의 종이 각각 번식 및 채식지로 이용하였다. 현존식생 및 입지유형에 따라서 조류의 종별 분포유형이 뚜렷이 구분되었다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2009

This research has a significant meaning to break from the urban ecology-oriented biotope research and realize the importance of rural landscape as a reserve area for systemizing the types of rural biotope. The results are as follows. First of all, items for classification of 16 rural biotope areas are designed and total 9 itmes in slope from spatial structural point of view and 7 items in minute-variety from functional point of view. Also, as the result of on-site research on case areas based on classified items, there are 46 types of rural biotope such as coniferous forest, hedgerow and so on. For example, it is proven that uncultivated stripe showed the most frequent emergence. As a result of cluster analysis of average linkage method between clusters, 12 clusters are classified as a clusters and 13 biotope types are re-corrected and complemented through brainstorming process and then total 12 clusters are selected as final rural biotope type groups. As a rural biotope type cluster and character analysis according to types based on on-site research and documentary survey, for example, it is analyzed that the ratio of transmissible covering ratio is 100%, the ratio of green coverage is 90% in 'woodland in cultivated area biotope type cluster'.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.533-550
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• 2002

Soil organic matter (SOM) content and other physical soil properties were extracted from a digital soil database, the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, to map the amount of SOM and determine its relationship with topographic positions in floodplain areas along a river basin in Douglas County, Kansas. In the floodplains, results showed that slope and SOM content had a significant negative relationship. Soils near river channels were deep and nearly level, and they had the greatest SOM content in the floodplain areas. For the whole county, SOM content was influenced primarily by soil depth and percent SOM by weight. Among different slope areas, soils on mid-range slopes (10-15%) and ridgetops had the highest SOM content because they had relatively high percent SOM content by weight and very deep soils, respectively. SOM content was also significantly variable among different land cover types. Forest/woodland had significantly higher SOM content than others, followed by cropland, grassland, and urban areas.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1346-1348
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• 2003

In this paper, the interferometric coherence was estimated and the amplitude intensity was extracted using the repeat-pass interferometric data, acquired by European Remote Sensing Satellite 1 and 2. Then discrimination and classification of surface land types in Zhangjiakou test site, Hebei Province were carried out based on the coherence estimation and the intensity extraction. Seven types of land were discriminated and classified, including in two different types of meadows, woodland, dry land, grassland, steppe and water body. The backscatter and coherence characteristics of these land types on the multi-temporal images were analyzed, and the change of surface features with time series was also discussed.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2000

우리나라 대하천의 중 상류 구간에 분포하는 침식분지는 지방 중 소도시의 중요한 생활무대로 이용되고 있으나, 침식분지에 관한 연구는 주민들의 생활과 동떨어져 있어 인간과 자연환경의 관계를 이해하려는 노력이 부족하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 취락입지 및 구릉지의 토지이용 변화를 근거로 1900년대 이후 침식분지 내 경관변화의 원인과 그 양상을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 지질 요소의 영향을 이해하기 위해 기반암의 지질이 다른 분지들을 선택하였다(거창분지-화강암, 초계분지-변성암, 안계분지-사력퇴적암, 마성분지-석회암). 그리고 구릉지의 경사도와 토양의 영향을 분석하고자 구릉지의 종 평단면도 위에 토지이용 분포도를 작성하였다. 침식분지의 경관은 구릉지와 개석 곡지, 그리고 하천 주변의 범람원으로 구성되어 있다. 개석 곡지와 범람원은 논으로 개간되었으나 구릉지는 최근까지 임야지로 이용되었다. 구릉지는 인구증가에 따른 개간압력과 '자연은 곧 생산재'라는 자본주의적 사고의 영향을 받아, 전통적인 신성한 공간인 '산'에서 생산재인 구릉지로 재인식되었다. 따라서 구릉지는 임야지에서 발, 과수원, 논, 주택지, 농공단지 부지 등으로 개발되었다. 자연적 조건에 따른 구릉지 경관의 변화 양상은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지질구조선이 비교적 조밀한 화강암의 거창분지에서는 심하게 풍화된 물질이 쉽게 제거됨으로써 하계밀도가 높다. 완만한 구릉지에는 과수원이나 농공단지가 입지하고, 소하천의 측방침식으로 급경사를 유지하는 곳은 임야지로 남아 있다. 둘째, 지질구조선이 성긴 사력퇴적암의 안계분지에서는 소하천의 발달이 불량하다. 파랑상의 평탄한 구릉지는 밭이나 과수원, 논, 농공단지로 이용되고, 완만한 개석곡지는 논으로 이용된다. 셋째, 석회암의 마성분지에서는 넓고 평탄한 구릉지를 과수원이나 밭, 묘지, 농공단지로 이용한다. 그리고 폐쇄형 분지인 초계분지에서는 구릉지가 좁고 짧게 남아 있다. 선상지를 이루는 넓은 개석곡지는 일찍부터 논으로 개간되었고, 구릉지는 임야지로 남아있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1227-1234
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• 2013

Between July and October 2011, radio-tracking was used to analyze the characteristics of home ranges and day roosts of Myotis aurascens by using 3 individuals (male: 2, female: 1). Bat capturing was conducted at a bridge and a nearby forest in Ulju-gun, Ulsan-si. We attached radio transmitters (0.32 g) to the bats and monitored them by using a radio receiver with a Yagi antenna. Home-range analysis of M. aurascens by using 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) and 95% MCP showed an average of 106.5 ha and 89.3 ha, respectively, and 50% kernel home range (KHR) showed an average of 8.4 ha. Home range overlap of the 3 bats was observed at the bridge and at nearby water bodies as the core areas, and the size of the home range overlap was 7.3 ha by 100% MCP, 5.9 ha by 95% MCP, and 1.6 ha by 50% KHR. The home range for each bat consisted of the main foraging sites, and the types of foraging sites were similar. M. aurascens-01(M-01) used the bridge and nearby water bodies as the nightly main core areas, M. aurascens-02(M-02) used rice fields and water bodies adjacent to the forest as core areas, and M. aurascens-03(M-03) used water bodies and resident areas as core areas. Although rice fields and resident sites represented the core areas of the home ranges of M-02 and M-03, habitat use was the highest near water bodies as the core area for all the 3 bats. The types of day roosts in this study were a wooden house, canopies of a broad-leaved woodland, and banks of rice fields. The roosts in the wooden house and canopies of the broad-leaved woodland were located within the forest, and the roost in the banks of rice fields was also adjacent to the forest. Our results revealed that the main home range and foraging sites of M. aurascens were located near water bodies as the core area, and forests and places adjacent to the forests were used as day roosts.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

A method of conserving the vegetation at Mt. Chonggye was established to persue a practical management of the natural ecosystem by the vegetative composition analysis. As a result, the vegetation of surveyed areas was classified into two communities and four subcommunities in Mt. Chonggye. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community, known as the roadside plant community, distributed near trails under heavy human impacts. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community included two subcommunities : Digitaria sanguinalis-Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior subcommunity and Rhus chinensis subcommunities. In these communiyies, there were many naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, known as heliophilous plant. Results indicated that the vegetation had been affected by intensive human activities. It is necessary to control the naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus for conservation of the ecosystem and nature in this area. Quercus mongolica community, a common coppice woodland in central Korea, was mostly distributed around mountain tops and ridges above 529 m altitute. In the valley where the forests well conserved, the Quercus mongolica community contained the Syneilesis aconitifolia-Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus subcommunity. On the other hand, Potentilla dickinsii subcommunity was dominated in dry rocky ridge areas. In these areas, however, the vegetation and forest soil was not properly managed for conservation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2002

먹이식물에 대한 야생조류의 기호성을 조사한 결과 28종 중에서 특히 소나무, 팽나무, 노박덩굴, 찔레꽃, 주목, 사철나무 등을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 야생조류의 먹이섭식량은 번식기(5∼6월)에는 동물성(섭식률 92.2%)을 식물성(섭식률 32.7%)보다 선호하였으나 비번식기(11∼12월)에는 동·식물성 모두 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 먹이 종류별 선호도는 식물성은 조, 좁쌀을 동물성은 쇠기름덩이, 번데기를 선호하였다. 공원별 인공새집 이용률은 노산공원 77.5%, 산호공원 50.3%, 진주성지 44.1%, 비봉공원 42.2% 순으로 노산공원에서 인공새집의 의존률이 가장 높았고, 인공새집 구멍 크기별로는 5cm 출입공보다 3cm 출입공을 주로 이용하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2005

Surface sowing is one of the most important methods to establish and improve grassland. An interest in seed-coating technique for surface sowing has been increased tremendously in the world today. An experiment was conducted to develop a technique for pelleting seeds for pasture production in woodlands. Results showed that pelleting seeds was a better technique than coating seeds because the pelleting reduced coating time of seeds, and it increased the amounts of coated seeds per hour. The pelleting technique was able to minimize damage to seeds through the lower temperature processing and by reducing time for drying, thus, germinating energy, and germination rate of pelleted alfalfa seeds improved. Emergence, establishment, and early growth of alfalfa from pelleted seeds were also improved in woodlands. Based on this study, we could conclude that the seed-pelleting is a very useful technique for the establishment and early growth of alfalfa in woodlands.