• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.585-604
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• 2024

Laminated wood is produced as a single large element by combining pieces of elements. Wooden building materials are used in several old buildings that survive to the present day. To strengthen wooden structures, they must be preserved in accordance with their originality without damaging their historical texture. In this study, an innovative strengthening method was developed by placing carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics between wooden planks before lamination. With this new strengthening method, CFRP fabrics were placed between the layers, preserving aesthetics and preventing crack formation. Notable improvements were observed in the strength properties of the reinforced wood material and the CFRP-reinforced layers exhibited ductile behavior by preventing damage. The laminated wood arch-reinforced sample with CFRP strips showed a 70% load increase and a 276% deformation increase compared with the reference sample. Because of these superior features, arch elements made of laminated wood offer a safe, durable, and natural solution for the passage of extremely wide openings. Additionally, wooden elements have anisotropic and heterogeneous structures owing to their defective areas. Eliminating the factors that cause wood to display anisotropic properties ensures the homogeneity of the resulting material through the lamination process. The aim is to reduce the cross sections used in wooden construction elements reinforced with these fabrics in the production area and to shorten the construction period by minimizing manufacturing errors.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 2010

This research has set up the fire protection and early suppression plan for Asan Oeam folk village which is composed of traditional wooden building instinct or complex. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The traditional wooden buildings require attentive considerations about the fire property of the Waga and the straw roofed house. Especially, as the straw roofed house has property that the transfer and development of the fire is fast. Therefore we studied on the transferring possibilities of the fire dangerous instinct through measuring the distance from of the eaves edge and trees in neighboring house. 2. This research proposes the tools for the priority protective building through consideration of fire risk and cultural priority because the fire prevention for all is impossible at the same time. 3. The most important thing is preserve the cultural identities of traditional folk village in establishing the fire hydrant and fire prevention facilities. Traditional folk village landscape should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2017

Historical wooden buildings in Korea are being damaged by Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto, a type of subterranean termite, and the scale of this damage is increasing gradually because of global warming. This study evaluated the ingestion toxicity of the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil to R. s. kyushuensis and its applicability as termite bait with the aim of controlling termite colonies more efficiently. An ingestion toxicity assessment was conducted and the $LT_{50}$ was determined to be 4.43 day at concentrations of 10 ppm, indicating a slow-acting effect; therefore, 10 ppm was selected as an appropriate dose. A field applicability assessment was conducted in which the number of foraging workers and the rate at which the termites fed decreased 2 weeks after baiting, and termite colony activity was no longer apparent after 4 weeks demonstrating the efficacy of fipronil at eliminating colonies. Taken together, these results, indicate that low-dose fipronil eliminated R. s. kyushuensis colonies faster than insect growth regulators; therefore, it is expected to be useful when trying to conserve historical wooden buildings.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.43-58
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• 2018

This paper aims at researching on the substantial characters of the memorial address, namely the mookseo-myeongs(墨書銘), written at the members of the wooden buildings in the late period of Goryeo Dynasty and the early period of JoseonDynasty. In this paper, I pursued to declare the systematic origins by the comparison the Buddhist buildings with the other buildings, on the focused the written patterns. Furthermore, I tried to examine the transitional trends in the late period of Joseon Dynasty. The results are as follow: First, it is supposed that the mookseo-myeongs of the Buddhist buildings were not used for the a memorial address for the ceremony of putting up the ridge beam, so to speak the sangryang-muns(上樑文), but the prayer address(發願文) to memorize the donations of the believers for the constructions. Second, it is supposed that 'the short sangryang-muns' were originated in the mookseo-myeongs of Buddhist buildings and the other ancient prayer address. In the late period of JoseonDynasty, those were established in the formal literary styles. Third, to the early period of JoseonDynasty, 'the long sangryang-muns' were partially used in the several royal palaces. In the late, those were widely used not only in the royal palaces but also in Buddhist buildings, but those literary patterns were rarely changed from the former types.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.239-240
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• 2016

Traditional town with wooden houses like Japanese historic local town is vulnerable to disaster. Wooden houses crowed in this study area, there is no gap between buildings and buildings. When disaster occurs, they can not use evacuation routes based on the value of probability of rubble flow. Disaster prevention design of traditional town using spatial information for residents is a modern idea in the field of disaster prevention study. Therefore, it is basically important and effective to create information, especially on the current situation such as dangerousness of the area. Here, we report on a disaster prevention design regarding probability of street blockade and probability of rubble flow at a large earthquake directly under our study area. In this study, we explain about necessity of temporary evacuation areas like open space. As a result, we found some ideas to secure evacuation routes from traditional houses to designated refuge places using temporary evacuation areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

This study aims to find the conservation and regeneration plan in terms of preserving and utilizing old wooden houses, regenerating existing buildings, and developing idle land for old dwellings located outside the southern gate of Cheongju, Korea. In the preservation and utilization of old houses, three places in the block where wooden houses clustered are created as conservation houses, and are conversed as cafes, workspaces, and homestays along with the preservation of individual houses. In the regeneration of existing buildings, the street landscape was improved through extension and renovation, new construction after demolition, and exterior renovation for one or two-story buildings facing the roadside. In the development of idle land, it reflects the layout method and open yard space corresponding to the path and orientation of the old house, and the mass was varied and segmented to resolve the medium scale. Accordingly, considering the context, landscape, and environmental aspects of the historical downtown, the development of old dwellings in downtown should shift from a uniform high-rise apartment project-oriented approach to a gradual and continuous regeneration direction.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.3 s.43
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• pp.23-37
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the ancient architectures of the Yuan Dynasty(元代). The result is expected to efficient for a basic data to research history of the Koryo(高麗) architectures. This study was focused on the architecture of the Yuan dynasty in Hancheng city, because the buildings of the Yuan Dynasty were remained in Hancheng city(韓城) of Shanxi province(陝西) in the largest numbers through all China territory. And the study was especially analyzed in the angle of the system of wooden structures among various architectural points. It was looked into, in large, views of form of whole structure and, in detail, joining method of detail parts. As a result of the study, the characteristics of architectures of the Yuan Dynasty in Hancheng city were summarized as follow a reduction of the unit size, a shifting of columns, a removal of columns and a simplicity of ornaments. These are different with architecture of other empire periods. Also, these are the characteristics of the Korean tradition at architectures. This study of the Yuan's architectures of Hancheng is expected to be the basis of the advanced study about the relationship between Koryo(高麗) architectures and Yuan(元) architectures.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2008

The deterioration of Korean traditional wooden house located in seoul was estimated. This house was attacked by termite. To estimate damage status of buildings, non-destructive methods were applied. Some of the post needed to be replaced due to low strength, estimated by nondestructive methods. The house was installed with boiler heating facility, to use office and public education. This kind of heating system changed the environmental condition of the wooden house. The termite which attacked the house was classified as Reticulitermes speratus. Because of durability of wooden house effected by environment, control of the environmental condition is essential for maintaining the wooden house. The installation of modern facility to traditional wooden house should not change the traditional structure and do not effect to durability of wooden house.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2017

In this paper, it is aimed to present a comparative study about the structural behavior of tall buildings consisting of different type of materials such as concrete, steel or timber using finite element analyses and experimental measurements on shaking table. For this purpose, two 1/60 scaled 28 and 30-stories wooden building models with $40{\times}40cm$ and $35{\times}35cm$ ground/floor area and 1.45 m-1.55 m total height are built in laboratory condition. Considering the frequency range, mode shapes, maximum displacements and relative story drifts for structural models as well as acceleration, displacement and weight limits for shaking table, to obtain the typical building response as soon as possible, balsa is selected as a material property, and additional masses are bonded to some floors. Finite element models of the building models are constituted in SAP2000 program. According to the main purposes of earthquake resistant design, three different earthquake records are used to simulate the weak, medium and strong ground motions. The displacement and acceleration time-histories are obtained for all earthquake records at the top of building models. To validate the numerical results, shaking table tests are performed. The selected earthquake records are applied to first mode (lateral) direction, and the responses are recorded by sensitive accelerometers. Comparisons between the numerical and experimental results show that shaking table tests are enough to identify the structural response of wooden buildings. Considering 20%, 10% and 5% damping rations, differences are obtained within the range 4.03-26.16%, 3.91-65.51% and 6.31-66.49% for acceleration, velocity and displacements in Model-1, respectively. Also, these differences are obtained as 0.49-31.15%, 6.03-6.66% and 16.97-66.41% for Model-2, respectively. It is thought that these differences are caused by anisotropic structural characteristic of the material due to changes in directions parallel and perpendicular to fibers, and should be minimized using the model updating procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.393-406
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• 2014

To figure out the problems of flame retardant treatment (FRT) on wooden buildings, field investigation and analysis of statistical data are performed. After FRT on historical wooden building, efflorescence and exfoliation showed most often. These problems appeared especially on column, rafter and Ga-gu (Ingredients for supporting structure of a roof) which are liberally spreaded. To compare before and after FRT, analyzed 20 elements using P-XRF. In this process, found sulfur which informs FRT. This helped set up nondestructive assay. Through this process, confirmed field application by analysis residue component of Songgwang-sa Temple.