• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.241-252
• /
• 2016

Cellulose acetate is one of well-known industrial materials which have various commercial uses. We treated the lignocellulosic biomass using two-step (steam explosion-chemical) reaction followed by acetylation to get the cellulose acetate in this study. The two-step treatment was done to improve the yields of acetylation of the substrates. The yields of the cellulose acetate were about 88.4, 88.1, and 151.7% in barley straw, rice straw, and oak tree, respectively. Also the degree of substitution (DS) of the acetates was 2.1 to 2.5 in the biomass. We found that the biomass were valuable cellulosic sources, including their derivatives, in this study. This means that the biomass can be converted into the high-valued cellulosic stuff.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 1994

In recent years, the municipal wastes recognized resources. This study was performed to survey the changes of main components of the pretreated(chemical, physical) lignocellulosic biomass. The result can be summerized as follows; In pulp fiber composition, newsprint and corrugating container were mainly consist of softwood fiber(tracheid). But computer print out and magazine had a large amount of hardwood fiber(wood fiber). And, carbohydrate content in the various lignocellulosic biomass increases as the following orders : Magazine < Newsprint < Corrugating container < Computer print out. In the chemical pretreatments for the delignification, sodium hypochlorite pretreatment was more effective than sodium hydroxide. By washing, ash content of lignocellulosic biomass was decreased. Physical pretreatments were less effective than chemical pretreatment for the delignification. On the other hand, in physical pretreatments, ash content of lignocellulosic biomass was the same tendency as in the chemical pretreatments.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 2015

To evaluate the influence of 3A zeolite on the flame retardant properties of poplar plywood. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and 3A zeolite were used as flame retardants to prepare plywood samples. The combustion properties, such as heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), mean CO and $CO_2$ yield, smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP), were characterized by a cone calorimeter. A synergistic effect was observed between 3A zeolite and APP on reducing the HRR and mean CO yield. The probable flame retardation mechanism was proposed.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to obtained the optimal delignified condition of exploded wood on the acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. Wood chips of pine wood(Pinus desiflora), oak wood(Quercus serrata) and birch wood (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) were treated with a high pressure steam (20-30kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 2-6 minutes). The exploded wood was delignified with sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite, and then hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid. The result can be summerized as follows ; In the exploded wood treated with sodium hydroxide, the optimal concentration of sodium hydroxide was 1% as content of lignin in the exploded wood. Lignin content of exploded wood treated with sodium chlorite was lower then that sodium hydroxide. The maximum reducing sugar yield of exploded wood treated with 1% sodium hydroxide was lower than non-treated exploded wood. In the case of sodium chlorite treated, the maximum reducing sugar yield was hgher than non-treated exploded wood. Sugar composition of acid hydrolysis solution was composed of xylose and glucose residue, and the rate of glucose residue was increased in high pressure condition.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2023

본 논문에서는 미이용 바이오매스로부터 바이오차를 생산하고 메틸렌블루 흡착 특성을 평가하였다. 바이오매스는 주로 셀룰로오스, 헤미셀룰로오스, 리그닌으로 구성되어 있으며 회분의 함량은 벌채부산물에서 가장 높았다. 탄화 온도가 증가할수록 탄화 수율은 감소하였으며, 수소와 산소 함량도 감소하였다. 반면, 탄소 함량은 증가하였다. 탄화 온도가 증가할수록 바이오차의 비표면적과 미세기공은 증가하였다. 바이오차 비표면적은 탄화 온도 600 ℃에서 가장 높았다(216.15~301.80 m² /g). 600 ℃에서 탄화한 바이오차를 이용하여 메틸렌블루 흡착 실험을 수행한 결과, 참나무, 벌채부산물, 사과 전정가지의 흡착 거동은 Freundlich model, 복숭아 전정가지는 Langmuir model에 적합하였다. 흡착 동역학에서 참나무와 복숭아 전정가지는 pseudo-first-order model, 벌채부산물과 사과 전정가지는 pseudo-second-order model에 적합하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 2011

This study reviewed on the research trend of sources and utilization of the byproducts(Lignin) from bioethanol production process with lignocellulosic biomass such as wood, agri-processing by-products(corn fiber, sugarcane bagasse etc.) and energy crops(switch grass, poplar, Miscanthus etc.). During biochemical conversion process, only Cellulose and hemicellulosic fractions are converted into fermentable sugar, but lignin which represents the third largest fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is not convertible into fermentable sugars. It is therefore extremely important to recover and convert biomass-derived Lignin into high-value products to maintain economic competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol processes. It was introduced that lignin types and characteristics were different from various isolation methods and biomass sources. Also utilization and potentiality for market of those were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 1989

Steam explosion process is an efficient pretreatment method for sparating and utilizing wood main components has attracted attention in utilization of ligno-cellulosic biomass. In order to obtain the effective pretreatment condition. this study was made explosion apparatus. examined the composition. extraction of exploded wood. Wood chips of pine(Pinus densiflora oak (Quercus serrata) and birch wood (Belula platyphylla var. japonica) were treated with a high pressure steam(20-30 kg/$cm^2$, 2-6 minutes). The results can be summarized as follow; In analysis of exploded wood(EXW). It was found arabinose residues rapidly decreased with increasing of steaming time and pressure. Extractives of EXW with sodium hydroxide increased with increasing of steaming-time and- pressure especially extractives 1% sodium hydroxide has higher than other extracted method extractives of hard wood(oak, birch) has higher than pine wood. In EXW extracted with sodium hydroxide and methanol lignin was partially delignified alkali extraction was more delignified than methanol extraction hardwood than pine wood.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the current situation of the logging operation system and to suggest an effective policy plan to secure important raw materials for the use of forest biomass. The dissemination of forestry mechanization and the establishment of the logging operation are important tasks to establish a system and reduce costs of timber production by increasing the use of forest biomass; this includes increasing the supply of timber for domestic products and increasing the production of wood chips and wood pellets. In particular, the efficiency of steep-slopes catenary system machinery for yarding such as tower-yarder and swing-yarder should be urgently supplied to cope with forest production and supply of forest biomass energy resources. In addition, it is necessary to continuously promote the dissemination of high-performance forestry machinery as is being done in Japan. At the same time, instead of distributing or retaining the spread of forestry machinery to the state and local governments, it is necessary to distribute timber production work centered on forest cooperatives or private timber producers to be carried out by wood producers, forest cooperatives and individuals.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제36권10호
• /
• pp.704-710
• /
• 2014

바이오매스는 지구온난화에 중요한 기여자인 이산화탄소와 같은 온실가스를 해결할 수 있는 대체에너지로 간주된다. 또한 바이오매스 에너지는 열화학적 전환 공정을 통해 다양한 형태로 전환된다. 본 연구에서는 목질계 바이오매스의 가스화를 위해 연속식 가스화기를 제작하였다. 목질계 바이오매스는 폐목재를 사용하였다. 이산화탄소 가스화 실험은 가스화 온도, 함수율 그리고 주입 이산화탄소 농도 변화에 따라 진행하였다. 실험결과는 가스화 온도가 증가함에 따라 생성가스 발생량이 증가함을 보였다. 경질타르는 중질타르의 열적 분해에 의해 증가되었고, 주사현미경 분석을 통해 촤 세공형성이 발달되는 것을 확인하였다. 일산화탄소 농도는 부다 반응에 의해 이산화탄소 주입농도 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 변수별 실험에 의해, 최적 실험 조건에서 수소와 일산화탄소는 32.91%와 48.33%가 생성되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.497-506
• /
• 2013

유칼립투스(Eucalyptus globulus)의 반탄화 최적조건을 탐색하기 위하여 반응표면분석법을 이용하였다. 반탄화 바이오매스의 탄소함량은 반탄화 정도를 나타내는 severity factor (SF)에 따라 증가하였으며 바이오매스에 포함된 수소와 산소의 함량은 감소하였다. 반탄화 바이오매스의 발열량은 조건에 따라 20.23~21.29 MJ/kg을 나타냈으며 처리 전 바이오매스와 비교하여 1.6~6.9% 에너지함량이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 바이오매스의 중량감소율은 SF 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 에너지수율에서 반탄화 온도는 중요한 인자로 작용하였으며 상대적으로 반응시간에 대한 영향은 낮았다. 최대 에너지수율은 낮은 SF에서 반탄화를 수행하였을 때 얻을 수 있었다.