• Title/Summary/Keyword: Wood rot fungi

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Observation of Soft-Rot Wood Degradation Caused by Higher Ascomyceteous fungi

  • Lee, Yang-Soo
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.47-50
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    • 2000
  • The capability of higher ascomyceteous fungi to cause typical soft-rot decay for wood under laboratory conditions is reviewed and discussed. Fungi tested were extremely active in the decomposition of timbers. Scanning electron micrographs illustrated typical soft-rot decay pattern of higher wood decay ascomycetes, with the exception of H. trugodes that caused white-rot decay. Most of the fungi tested could be grouped as soft-rot fungi that showed typical soft-rot type II. Hypha confined primarily to the resin canals in softwoods or vessel elements in hardwoods and spread tracheid to tracheid via pits of cell wall to cell wall with mechanical force.

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Evaluation of White-rot Fungi for Biopulping of Wood

  • Kang, Kyu-Young;Sung, Jung-Suk;Kim, Dae-Young
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 2007
  • Ergosterol involves in fungal cell growth as a major component in fungal cell membranes. It can be an indicator that shows the fungal activity, and its content depends on the fungal strains, culture, growth conditions and so on. In this study, fungal activities and growth patterns of three white-rot fungi strains isolated in Korea were evaluated by determination of ergosterol contents during the incubation. Wood decay test and chemical analyses of wood were also performed to verify the relationship between fungal activity and wood degrading capacity of white-rot fungi for 60 days. In the results of experiments, it is considered that the test strains selectively degrade large amount of lignin in wood at the early stage of decay. Especially, Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed the best capability on selective degradation of lignin among the test fungi. It is suggested that the determination of ergosterol content in the fungal culture during the incubation is the simple and effective screening method of white-rot fungi for the application to biopulping of wood.

Biotransformation of trans,trans-farnesol by Wood Rot Fungi (목재부후균에 의한 trans,trans-farnesol의 생물변환)

  • Kim, Young-Hun;Lee, Su-Yeon;Park, Mi-Jin;Choi, In-Gyu;Lee, Jae-Won
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.37-41
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    • 2012
  • In this study, we screened and evaluated possibility of wood rot fungi as biocatalyst for biotransformation of sesquiterpenes. Screening were performed to select the most promising microorganisms with ability to biotransformation the substrate trans,trans-fanesol. Trans,trans-farnesol which is synthesized precursor of sesquiterpenes was used for resistance test on 19 of wood rot fungi. From the 19 tested wood rot fungi, 5 were selected by resistance test on different concentration of trans,trans-fanesol. Biotransformation was performed with selected wood rot fungi on liquid culture. The metabolites detected by GC-MS analysis were nerolidol for Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus (jungh) Imaz and eicosane for Coriolus versicolor (L.Fr) Prlar and isoborneol for Fomitopsis pinicola and isocyclocitral for Lampteromyces japonicas. As the results, wood rot fungi could be potential biocatalyst for biotransformation of sesquiterpenes.

X-Ray Diffractional and IR Spectral Characteristics in Brown-Rotted Woods Decayed by T. palustris and G. trabeum (갈색부후목재(褐色腐朽木材)의 X선(線) 회절(回折) 및 IR 분석(分析))

  • Choi, Ji-Ho;Han, Ok-Soo;Kim, Yoon-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 1992
  • Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et. Z.) decayed by brown-rot fungi Tyromyces palustris and Gloeophyllum trabeum were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectral examinations. Pine woods decayed by T. palustris showed the increase of relative crystallinity in the initial stage of degradation. When the weight loss was above 30%, then the crystallinity went down slowly. In contrast, the wood samples degraded by G. trabeum showed the decrease of crystallinity from the beginning stage of decay. The changes of crystallinity in brown-rotted woods suggested that the degradation rate of crystalline cellulose was varied with the brown rot fungal species. X-ray diffraction analyses also indicated that crystalline cellulose was much more slowly broken down than the amorphous one. The most notable difference in the IR spectra of the brown-rotted wood samples was that the adsorption band centered at 1,730$cm^{-1}$ was significantly diminished in the decayed wood. indicating the degradation of hemicellulose by brown-rot fungi. However, no marked changes of intensities at 1,000, 1,060 and 1,040$cm^{-1}$ were observed in the brown rotted wood samples, suggesting that crystal line cellulose was resistant against the attack by brown rot fungi.

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Fundamental Studies on the Wood Decay(II) - Physiological and Physicochemical Characteristics of the White Rot Fungi in Korea - (목재부후(木材腐朽)의 기초적(基礎的) 연구(硏究)(II) - 주요(主要) 백색부후균(白色腐朽菌)의 부후(腐朽) 생리(生理) 및 물리(物理)·화학적특성(化學的特性) -)

  • Lee, Dong-Heub;Choi, Don-Ha;Yoon, Seung-Lak;Sohn, Seung-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 1992
  • Seven white rot fungi (Irpex lactenis, Coriolus hirsutus, Lopharia mirabilis, Schizopora paradoxa, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pycnoporus coccineus) native to Korea and two famous exotic lignin degradable white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium) were investigated to clarify their physiological and physicochemical characteristics on white-rotted wood blocks. G. lucidum degraded wood blocks more seriously than those by exotic lignin-degrading fungi, C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium, but only slightly decreasecl the strength of wood which was compared to the weight loss, persumably on the account of its small use of cellulose when attacking wood. It is quite interesting to note that the holocellulose degradation rate of G. lucidum was also higher than any of the other tested fungi. The order of fungi, according to the lignin-decomposing rates, was G. lucidum>P. coccineus>C. versicolor>S. paradoxa>P. chrysosporium>L. mirabilis>P. ostreatus>C. hirsutus>I. lactenis. The lignin degradation of G. lucidum and P. coccineus which were collected in Korea was greater than that of C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium. If holocellulose degradation is not considered. G. lcidum has the merit of actual application in biomass conversion due to linin removal.

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Biological Pretreatment of Softwood Pinus densiflora by Three White Rot Fungi

  • Lee, Jae-Won;Gwak, Ki-Seob;Park, Jun-Yeong;Park, Mi-Jin;Choi, Don-Ha;Kwon, Mi;Choi, In-Gyu
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.485-491
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    • 2007
  • The effects of biological pretreatment on the Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora, was evaluated after exposure to three white rot fungi Ceriporia lacerata, Stereum hirsutum, and Polyporus brumalis. Change in chemical composition, structural modification, and their susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification in the degraded wood were analyzed. Of the three white rot fungi tested, S. hirsutum selectively degraded the lignin of this sortwood rather than the holocellulose component. After eight weeks of pretreatment with S. hirsutum, total weight loss was 10.7%, while lignin loss was the highest at 14.52% among the tested samples. However, holocellulose loss was lower at 7.81 % compared to those of C. lacerata and P. brumalis. Extracelluar enzymes from S. hirsutum showed higher activity of ligninase and lower activity of cellulase than those from other white rot fungi. Thus, total weight loss and changes in chemical composition of the Japanese red pine was well correlated with the enzyme activities related with lignin- and cellulose degradation in these fungi. Based on the data obtained from analysis of physical characterization of degraded wood by X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) and pore size distribution, S. hirsutum was considered as an effective potential fungus for biological pretreatment. In particular, the increase of available pore size of over 120 nm in pretreated wood powder with S. hirsutum made enzymes accessible for further enzymatic saccharification. When Japanese red pine chips treated with S. hirsutum were enzymatically saccharified using commercial enzymes (Cellulclast 1.5 L and Novozyme 188), sugar yield was greatly increased (21.01 %) compared to non-pre treated control samples, indicating that white rot fungus S. hirsutum provides an effective process in increasing sugar yield from woody biomass.

Antifungal and Insecticidal Activity of Methanol Extracts from 17 Medicinal Plants against Biological Deterioration of Organic Cultural Heritage (약용식물 17종 메탄올 추출물의 유기질문화재 생물학적 열화원에 대한 항진균 및 살충활성 조사)

  • Lim, Jin-A;Choi, Yun-A;Jung, Mi-Hwa;Kang, So-Yeong;Chung, Yong-Jae
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.29
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    • pp.125-136
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    • 2008
  • To investigate bioactive materials for development of natural conservative agent on organic cultural heritage, methanol extracts from 17 medicinal plants were screened for antifungal and insecticidal activity against 6 wood rot fungi and adult of Lasioderma serricorne. Antifungal activity of extracts was tested by using paper disc soaking method against wood-rot fungi. Among these extracts, the most significant antimicrobial activity was observed from the extract of Coptis japonica at 5 mg/disc against all wood rot fungi tested. The insecticidal activity of extracts was examined by topical application against L. serricorne adults. The extracts from Asarum sieboldii gave 83.3 % mortality at $25{\mu}g/adult$ for 24hr. From these result, the methanol extract from C. japonica and A. sieboldii described could be useful for conservation of organic cultural heritage against biological deterioration by wood rot fungi and L. serricorne.

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Influence of Wood Decaying Fungi for Termite Ecology (목재부후균이 흰개미 서식에 미치는 영향)

  • Jo, Chang-Wook;Kim, Young-Hee;Hong, Jin-Young;Kim, Soo Ji;Lee, Jeung-Min;Choi, Jung-Eun
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.33
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2012
  • The white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungus (Tyromyces palustris), which cause damage to a variety of wooden cultural properties and buildings, such as drying of the wood tissue, decay and cracks, sponge, and discoloration, give rise to serious structural and aesthetic problems. Moreover, pest termites (Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto) can cause damages like hollowing the outdoor beams or pillars of wooden buildings and finally causing such buildings to collapse due to the termites' destruction of the inside of the beams or pillars, leaving only a thin layer on their surfaces. This study was conducted to determine the impact of the wood-decay fungus, a representative damage-causing microorganism, and of insects and termites on the termite ecology. The damage ratio was calculated as the weight of the timber, and the overall total mass was reduced from two kinds of rot fungi. The white-rot fungi reduced the total wood mass, but the brown-rot fungi were observed to have had an increasing tendency to do so. The wood mass was measured after drying to determine the destruction capacity of termites. As a result, the wood mass consumed by the brown-rot fungi was shown to be greater.

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Effect of Acaromyces Ingoldii Secondary Metabolites on the Growth of Brown-Rot (Gloeophyllum Trabeum) and White-Rot (Trametes Versicolor) Fungi

  • Olatinwo, Rabiu;So, Chi-Leung;Eberhardt, Thomas L.
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.506-511
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    • 2019
  • We investigated the antifungal activities of an endophytic fungus identified as Acaromyces ingoldii, found on a loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine bolt in Louisiana during routine laboratory microbial isolations. The specific objectives were to determine the inhibitory properties of A. ingoldii secondary metabolites (crude extract) on the mycelial growth of a brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and a white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor, and to determine the effective concentration of A. ingoldii crude preparation against the two decay fungi in vitro. Results show the crude preparation of A. ingoldii from liquid culture possesses significant mycelial growth inhibitory properties that are concentration dependent against the brownrot and white-rot fungi evaluated. An increase in the concentration of A. ingoldii secondary metabolites significantly decreased the mycelial growth of both wood decay fungi. G. trabeum was more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the secondary metabolites than T. versicolor. Identification of specific A. ingoldii secondary metabolites, and analysis of their efficacy/specificity warrants further study. Findings from this work may provide the first indication of useful roles for Acaromyces species in a forest environment, and perhaps a future potential in the development of biocontrol-based wood preservation systems.

Production of Lignin Degrading Enzymes and Decolorization of Various Dye Compounds by Wood-Rot Fungi (목재 부후균의 리그닌 분해효소 활성과 염료 화합물의 탈색)

  • Jang, Tae-Won;Jun, Sang-Cheol;Ahn, Tae-Seok;Kim, Kyu-Joong
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2006
  • Wood-rot fungi produce extracellular lignin-degrading enzymes, the best known of which are lignin peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase and laccase. In this experiment, some of them produced all of three enzymes. Many other wood-rot fungi produced one or two of those enzymes with various combinations. In this experiment, we tried to clarify the relationship between the pattern of enzyme production and degradative activity of several dye compounds. From the 36 strains of 23 species of wood-rot fungi, Mn-peroxidase activity was found in 30 strains of the fungi tested, whereas the activity of lignin peroxidase and laccase was detected in 11 strains and 12 strains of species, repectively, in Kirks low nitrogen media. In relation to the activity of lignin degrading enzymes and degradation of dye compounds, the white-rot fungi with three kinds of enzymes tested showed the best dye decolorizers. The fungi with Mn-peroxidase activity only decolorized poly R-478 and remazol brilliant blue R dye in proportion to the enzyme activity, while methylene blue, bromophenol blue and congo red dye were degraded in regardless of enzyme activity. Those dyes were degraded in relation to the growth rate of mycelium. Brown-rot fungi did not degrade all the dye compounds except bromophenol blue, in spite of moderate growth rate.