• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.623-628
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• 2017

화력발전소의 연료로 사용되는 우드펠릿을 시료로 하여 시료 용기의 크기에 따른 최소자연발화온도를 구하였으며, 이 온도로부터 Frank-Kamenetskii의 열발화 이론을 이용하여 겉보기 활성화 에너지를 구함으로써 물질의 위험성을 예측하였다. 용기의 크기가 클수록 발화한계온도는 낮아졌으며, 겉보기 활성화 에너지는 37.83 kcal/mol을 구하였다. 또한 시료의 용기가 커질수록 발화유도시간 및 최고온도에 도달하는 시간이 길어졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.703-719
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• 2017

Miscanthus had a higher lignin content (19.5 wt%) and carbohydrate (67.6 wt%) than other herbaceous crops, resulting in higher pellet strength and positive effect on combustion. However, miscanthus also contains a high amount of hydrophobic waxes on its outer surface, cuticula, which limits the pellet quality. The glass transition of lignin and cuticula were related to forming inter-particle bonding, which determined mechanical properties of pellet. To determine the effects of surface waxes, both on the pelletizing process and the pellet strength were compared with raw and extracted samples through solvent extraction. In addition, to clarify the relationship between pellet process parameters and bonding mechanisms, the particle size and temperature are varied while maintaining the moisture content of the materials and the die pressure at constant values. Furthermore, kraft lignin was employed to determine the effect of kraft lignin as an additive in the pellets. As results, the removal of cuticula through ethanol extractions improved the mechanical properties of the pellet by the formation of strong inter-particle interactions. Interestingly, the presence of lignin in miscanthus improves its mechanical properties and decreases friction against the inner die at temperatures above the glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of lignin. Consequently, it could found that the use of kraft lignin as an additive in pellet reduced friction in the inner die upon reaching its glass transition temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.48-59
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• 2018

본 연구는 커피 생산 폐기물인 커피박의 효율적인 처리 및 재자원화 방안의 일환으로 목분과 혼합하여 고체 바이오 연료인 펠릿을 제조하고자 수행하였다. 먼저 펠릿 제조에 사용된 커피박의 화학적 조성과 연료적 특성을 조사하여 커피박의 펠릿 원료화 가능성을 조사하였다. 또한 다양한 조건에서 낙엽송 목분과 함께 펠릿을 제조한 후, 최적 펠릿 제조조건을 제시하였다. 커피박은 전섬유소, 단백질, 지방/오일로 구성되었으며, 0.7% 정도의 회분을 함유하고 있었다. 회분에 대한 정성분석 결과, 칼슘, 나트륨, 칼륨, 마그네슘 순으로 조사되었다. 커피박의 용이한 건조 특성으로 인한 낮은 함수율과 높은 발열량 그리고 커피박/낙엽송 펠릿의 연료적 특성(함수율, 회분 함량, 겉보기밀도, 내구성)이 국립산림과학원에서 고시한 목재펠릿 품질기준의 1급을 상회하여 커피박의 펠릿 원료화 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 원소분석 결과, 커피박의 높은 질소 및 유황 함량으로 고등급의 펠릿 제조용 원료보다는 $NO_x$ 및 $SO_x$를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 포집장치를 보유한 열병합발전소용 펠릿 원료로 적당할 것으로 생각한다. 그러나 커피박 및 낙엽송을 이용하여 1급 기준을 만족하는 펠릿을 제조하기 위하여 91 wt%의 낙엽송 목분과 9 wt%의 커피박이 필요할 것으로 추산된다. 이 조건에서 제조한 펠릿의 질소함량은 0.298% 그리고 유황 함량은 0.03%로 1급 기준을 만족하며 나머지 펠릿의 품질 항목에서도 모두 1급 기준을 상회할 것으로 예상된다. 마지막으로 커피박과 낙엽송의 구매가 및 각 등급의 목재펠릿 수요에 따라 펠릿 내의 커피박과 낙엽송 목분 양을 적절히 조절하여 펠릿을 제조할 경우, 생산비용의 절감 외에 폐기물의 이용에 따른 재자원화와 쓰레기 감량을 통한 환경부담 완화에도 일조할 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2012

Sustainable energy consumption and increasing $CO_2$ emissions stimulate Eco-friendly industry. Wood has positive various properties as alternative energy such as solar, wind and water. Wood provide lumber, pallet, paper, pulp and fuel through production process. Even Korea republic has 63.7% of forest rates, weather condition makes low forestry production capacity. For utilization of domestic small diameter log needs study mechanical properties. In this study, various properties tested on domestic Japanese Larch small diameter lumbers and make mechanical properties table for allowable stress calculation. Result of compressive test, allowable compressive stress is 13 MPa. Allowable bending stress is 12 MPa.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.39-41
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• 1974

Bastard indigo, prevailing shrub species planted in erosion control work to constitute vegetation, is proved to be usefull for pulp material other than existing usage of green manure or fuel. Pulp made from bastard indigo is good enough for filler pulp though the quality of it is not remarkably excellent. (1) Sorts of paper possible to make from this pulp. Packing paper of medium grade. (general packing paper except heavy packing) (2) Traits of this pulp as for pulp material (A) It is more preferable than annual plants in these respects, ego collection, transport and storage of pulp material, and yield, freeness and chemical consumption of pulp. (B) Annual probable production of pulp material per ha from this plant is higher than that from long-term tree species or similar to that from fast growing species. (C) Its cultivation on eroded area is welcomed and consecutive annual production of material by copice method is also proved possible.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.98-102
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• 2002

As the nuclear power plant has been operated continuously and increased gradually, transportation and storage of spent fuel are seriously considered nowadays. The transportation cask which contains radioactive material needs to be inspected about structural safety. About safety verification, description of IAEA Safety Standards states that cask must withstand hypothetical accident conditions. In this paper, 9m free drop impact analysis was performed for transportation cask and impact limiter by using the finite element methods. Furthermore, we obtained the dynamic behavior of wood to as compared with safety test results, and verified the safety of transportation cask.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

A computer top table was manufactured with the solid wood wastes that has been landfilled, combustion or burnt as a fuel at the present time. The computer table is different in form and size to that of existing fixed rectangular. It is idea1 product not only convenient and functional to use and beautiful design but also processing Performance of edge area and overlaying properties. The main technologies to develop this computer top table are plan for moulder to mould the Product and producing, molding the most suitable material and composition, suitable adhesives selecting and synthetic technology, investigation for the moulding conditions such as temperature, time etc, adequate overlaying materials selecting and overlaying technology have to be chocked.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

바이오오일은 고품질 화학물질로 이용이 가능하며 차세대 탄화수소 연료와 석유정제업 공급원료로 사용할 수 있기 때문에 촉망받는 신재생에너지의 하나로 상당한 관심을 받고 있다. 또한 제올라이트는 급속열분해 과정에서 크래킹 반응을 효과적으로 촉진시켜 탈산소 반응을 증가 시키고 탄화수소가 많은 안정된 바이오오일을 만든다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 백합나무 바이오오일 품질개선을 위해 촉매열분해(Control, Blackcoal, Whitecoal, ZeoliteY 및 ZSM-5)를 적용하여 특성을 조사하였다. 바이오오일의 특성 변화를 알아보기 위하여 0.3~1.4 mm 크기의 백합나무 시료 500 g을 $465^{\circ}C$에서 1.6초 동안 촉매열분해하여 바이오오일을 제조하였다. 촉매 조건 상태에서 바이오오일의 수율은 Control(54.0%)과 비교하여 Blackcoal(56.2%)를 제외하면, Whitecoal(53.5%), ZeoliteY (51.4%), 및 ZSM-5(52.0%)로 모두 감소했다. 수분 함량이 Control(37.4%)에서 촉매 처리후 37.4~45.2%로 증가함에 따라 발열량((High heating value)은 감소했다. 그러나 다른 다른 바이오오일 특성은 개선되었다. 촉매 적용 결과 바이오오일의 회분과 전산가(TAN)가 감소했고, 특히 수송연료로 중요한 특성인 점도는 Control cP(6,933) 에서 2,578 ~ 4,627 cP로 감소했다. 또한 ZeoliteY는 방향족탄화수소를 생산하고 점도를 개선시키는데 가장 효과적이였다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2008

Rotary kiln in cement work has been evaluated for a wide variety of organic wastes such as wood, used tyres, plastic wastes and automobile shredder residue (ASR). However the presence of chlorine hampers the use of ASR as fuel in rotary kiln. Therefore, the behavior characteristics of chlorine components in rotary kiln should be considered to develop an effective method for ASR treatment to recovery energy resources. The aim of this paper is to present the chlorine control system applied to a cement manufacturing process for ASR use as an alternative fuel. In this work, the simulation of bypass unit and cyclones for chlorine control in rotary kiln has been studied and compared with the operation results of field test.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1998년도 제17회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Waste combustion above a grate is the core process of incineration systems, stability of which should be guaranteed for emission minimization. However, complicated reactions and heat and mass transfer phenomena make understanding the process difficult. One dimensional bed combustor with a numerical combustion model is utilized to investigate the combustion process of the bed, using cubic wood particles as a simulated fuel. Bed combustion behavior is characterized with apparent flame propagation speed, which has close relationship with air supply rate and chemical and physical characteristics of the fuel. Base on the availability of oxygen, two distinct reaction zone is identified; the oxygen-limited and the reaction-limited zone leading to the extinction by excessive convection cooling. The numerical modeling shows good agreement with the experimental results. The transient bed combustion behavior of local temperature and oxygen consumption rate is adequately reproduced. The numerical model is extended to model the waste bed combustion of a commercial incineration plant, which shows meaningful results as well.