• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.641-650
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• 2020

In this study, the chemical components and termiticidal activities of bamboo vinegar against subterranean termite were evaluated. Bamboo vinegar used in this study were produced from Mayan (Gigantochloa robusta Kurz.), Balcoa (Bambusa balcooa Roxb.), and Taiwan (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro). It was analyzed by gravimetric methods. Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) was soaked for 24 h and tested against Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7207-2014). The bamboo vinegar demonstrated antitermite activities against subterranean termite. Vinegar of 400℃ recorded higher total phenol and acid than that of 300℃. Results from this study suggest that the phenolic and acidic component of the bamboo vinegar contributed to 100% mortality rate of the termite, some wood weight loss, and a decrease in the termite feeding rate. These results strongly recommend that bamboo vinegar from D. latiflorus Munro is a potential environmentally friendly preservative.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.458-463
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• 2016

Background: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the growth of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. rootstock. Methods and Results: Rootstocks of S. chinensis were stored in either soil or vermiculite that had been treated with a control treatment, diluted wood vinegar (50 or 100-fold), DF-100 (50-fold), or 1-naphthylacetamide and at $5^{\circ}C$ or $15^{\circ}C$. After 8 weeks, the stored roots were planted in the field, and both plant height and leaf number were observed after transplantation. The greatest number of leaves ($5.60{\pm}0.80$) was produced by roots that had been stored in soil treated with 100 fold dilution of wood vinegar and at $5^{\circ}C$. Meanwhile the maximum plant height ($6.92{\pm}0.78cm$) at 30 d after transplanting was observed for rootstocks that had been stored in soil treated with the 100 fold dilution of wood vinegar and at $15^{\circ}C$, whereas the maximum plant height at 60 d after transplanting ($26.46{\pm}0.71cm$) was observed for rootstocks that had been stored in soil treated with the 100-fold dilution of wood vinegar and at $5^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the storage of rootstocks in soil treated with the 100-fold dilution of wood vinegar and at temperatures at or below $5^{\circ}C$ was most effective, and it can be used to prevent the decay of roots during the postharvest management of S. chinensis rootstocks. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that, among the parameters examined, the storage of roots in soil that had been treated with the 100-foil dilution of wood vinegar is the most effective method for improving the growth of S. chinensis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.257-260
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• 2009

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular structures derived from microbes including bacteria, viruses, yeast, and fungi. TLRs have emerged as a major signaling component of the mammalian host defense. TLR4 is a member of the Toll family that senses lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria. LPS recognition by TLR4 requires an additional accessory molecule, MD-2. LPS induces the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and IRF3 through MyD88 or TRIF-dependent pathways. The activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ leads to the induction of inflammatory gene products including cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of oak wood vinegar. Oak wood vinegar inhibits the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and COX-2 expression induced by LPS. These results provide new ideas to understand the mechanism of oak wood vinegar for its anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.317-317
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• 2009

The effects of environment-friendly materials carbonized rice hull and wood vinegar on the improvement of rice quality and soil fertility were investigated. Combined application of carbonized rice hull and chemical fertilizer resulted in lower protein in rice, similar amylose content and generally higher palatability values. Combined application of wood vinegar and chemical fertilizer obtained high protein and amylose contents, and palatability values. However, both carbonized rice hull and wood vinegar did not exhibit weed control. In the carbonized rice hull treatments, soil K was high during heading stage while soil pH during harvest stage was low. In the case of wood vinegar treatments, clear distinction between total K and Ca was observed. K was high during tillering stage while Ca was high until harvest stage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1106-1109
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• 2005

The antimicrobial effect of the wood vinegar of C. japanica sapwood and its constituents was evaluated against Ralstonia salanacearum, Phytophthora capsid, Fusarium oxysporum, and Pythium splendens. Phenols and guaiacols had a strong antimicrobial effect against four kinds of microorganisms, but methanol and acetic acid exhibited little or no antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.542-554
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• 2023

This study is a continuation of our previous work, which focused on the resistance of jabon wood to termites after impregnation with wood vinegar (WV) and animal-based adhesive (kak). This paper presents the physicomechanical properties of fast-growing jabon wood impregnated with kak at two concentrations (8% and 10%) in wood vinegar or water as a solvent with and without 4% borax. The physical properties of the impregnation solution, that is, viscosity, density, pH, and solid content, were evaluated according to SNI 06-4567-1998. Some physical parameters, such as weight percent gain (WPG), density, water uptake, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), crystallinity, and mechanical properties, i.e., modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compression strength parallel to the grain (CS), of the impregnated wood were determined. Based on these results, wood impregnated using a mixture of kak in WV presented better physical (increased WPG, density, dimensional stability, and crystallinity) and mechanical (increased MOE/MOR and compression strength) properties than wood impregnated with a water solvent or untreated wood. The wood impregnated using WV and water solvent improved the physical and mechanical properties. The density of the wood increased by 44%-58% and 32%-47%, ASE radial-tangential increased by 38%-45%; 15%-28% after 24 h of water immersion, crystallinity increased by 59%-74%; 36%, MOE increased by 46%-57%; 28%-31%, MOR increased by 29%-34%; 14%-27%, and compression strength increased by 40%-76%; 38%-72% values to untreated wood.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the oriental treatment on Irritant Dermatitis Caused by Wood Vinegar on Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris. Methods : After using Wood Vinegar, a patient suffers from erythema, pruritus, pain, desquamation of skin and degeneration of Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris. The patient was admitted to Dunsan oriental hospital for 15 days and took an oriental(venesection, herbal-medicine, and vapor treatment) treatment. To evaluate the results of this treatment, the improvement of symptoms(vesicles, pruritus, pain) was identified by patient's subjective expression and in lesion-symptom improvement. Results : The symptoms caused by Wood vinegar on both palms and soles were improved but the desquamation of skin remained. Conclusions : This study shows that the oriental medical treatment effects on the irritant dermatitis caused by Wood Vinegar. Also, the public should be aware of indiscreetly-used, natural herbal products as a folk remedy.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.82-88
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to determine if wood vinegar of Quercus mongolica Fisch has herbicidal activity. Growth of plants, such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-gulli P. Beauv), quackgrass (Agropyron smithii RYDB), canola (Brassica napus L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon avicennae), indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica), and common sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grown on agar batch treated with 0.01% wood vinegar were similar to that of plant without wood vinegar. The growth of such plants, however, reduced at $0.1{\sim}1%$ concentrations, and inhibited totally at >5% concentration. In greenhouse study, soil-applied wood vinegar did not inhibit tile growth of canola, barnyard grass, large crabgrass, and Abutilon avicennae even at the highest concentration, 80L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$, while foliar-applied wood vinegar did inhibit the growth of plants at higher than 40L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$. Growth of canola, barnyard grass, large crabgrass, and Abutilon avicennae treated with wood vinegar (80L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$) was reduced by 71, 46, 24, and 47%, respectively. In field experiment conducted at Chunchon and Taebeck, biomass of weeds treated with wood vinegar at less than 40L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$ were close to that of weeds treated without wood vinegar, while biomass of weeds at 80L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$ was reduced by 34-36%, compared to that of control, at both sites. However, the herbicidal activity of wood vinegar was much lower than that of glyphosate. Results in this study show that wood vinegar of Quercus mongolica Fisch has herbicidal activity, although the herbicidal activity was lower than that of glyphosate, a commercial herbicide.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to know the effect of wood vinegar ingestion on antioxidative defense system in trained rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the subject. Experimental groups were divided into CON-SED(control + sedentary), CON-EX(control + exercise), WV-SED(wood vinegar ingestion + sedentary), and WV-EX(wood vinegar ingestion + exercise), respectively. Body weight and stored fat weight(mesentery, retroperitoneal and epididymal) were not significantly differed in each group. Concentration of TG and FFA was not differed by wood vinegar ingestion. Concentration of glucose was revealed significant difference in exercise group rather than sedentary group, but there was no difference by wood vinegar ingestion between the groups. Contents of SOD in WV-EX group was significantly higher than other three groups. Contents of MDA in CON-EX group was significantly lower than CON-SED group, while the difference between CON group and WV group was not observed. In conclusion, wood vinegar ingestion with exercise seems to have a positive beneficial effects on reducing oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4434-4442
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• 2011

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive and potentially harmful to cells, causing oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. In humans, the deleterious effects of ROS have been linked with aging, carcinogenesis, and atherosclerosis. In order to investigate an antioxidant activity of wood vinegar by bioconversion, we preferentially analyzed the total acidity, acetic acid, pH, and contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, respectively. Also, we evaluated the scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide radicals, and nitric oxide radicals. The total acidity and amount of acetic acid of wood vinegar after bioconversion were lower than those of wood vinegar before bioconversion, but the pH was higher than that of wood vinegar before bioconversion. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids of wood vinegar after bioconversion were 11.17 mg/$m{\ell}$ and 0.42 mg/$m{\ell}$, respectively. The $SC_{50}$ values were in order of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity < DPPH radical scavenging activity < hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity < nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Therefore, these results suggest that wood vinegar by bioconversion can be useful as primary antioxidants for medicines and cosmetics.