• 한국인구학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.116-135
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• 1994

China's population and family planning program has heen successful. Women's fertility as measured by total fertility rate (TFR) has declined from 5.8 in 1970 to 2.3 in 1990, accordingly the annual crude birth rate(CBR) has declined from 34 per thousand in 1970 to 21 per thousand in 1989, and the annual natural growth rate from 2.6 percent in 1970 to 1.4 percent in 1989 (Coale and Chen, 1987; SSB, 1991; Gu, 1994). While this is indeed an astonishing achievement for a developing country to have its fertility down to replacement within a short period, some new issues emerging along with the rapid fertility decline require careful considerations. One of them is the uprising of the sex ratio at birth in China. The 1990 population census reported the sex ratio at birth in China of 113.8 in 1989, which is ohviously much higher than the acceptable level of normal ratio around 106. It has received since then a lot of tention in China and abroad, among demographic professionals and governmental agencies alike (Hull, 1990; Johansson and Nygren, 1991; Xuand Guo, 1991; Tu, 1993; Gu and Xu, 1994; among others). Based on the available demographic data and research results this paper will first have a review of the patterns and trends of sex ratio at birth in China, then turn to the immediate causes of abnormal sex ratio at birth and the determinants of the son preference, followed with a conceptual framework for understanding of the phenomenon, and finally the policy implications and recommendations will be discussed.

• 한국인구학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.98-115
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• 1994

This study is attempting to examine the possible determinants of the rise of the sex ratio at birth from 106 to 110 in past decade in Taiwan. The basic hypothesis for the sudden rise of the sex ratio at birth is due to a combination of prenatal sex determination and abortion. The reasoning for this hypothesis involves three types of considerations - motivation, norm, and access. The theory is evaluated by analyzing data from birth registration and a large and representative sampie of Taiwanese wives of childbearing age. The empirical data seem to support the theoretical preposition and the basic hypothesis that the rise of the sex ratio at birth in Taiwan is due to a combination of prenatal sex determination and abortion. There is striking evidence of son-preference in the rise of the sex ratio at birth in higher birth order. In 1990 the sex ratio was 119 for third births and 128 for fourth and fifth births compared to the expected 106. Also, the 1991 KAP data indicated that women who have only daughters but no any son are more likely to make prenatal sex screening and terminate their pregnancies in male live births at higher birth order. Obviously, genetic diagnosis through chorionic villus sampling which was available in recent years was misused for prenatal sex determination and sex selective abortion.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2023년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.894-895
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• 2023

증강현실(AR)이란, 현실의 이미지나 배경에 3차원 가상 이미지를 입혀 실시간으로 출력되는 컴퓨터 그래픽 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 AR 서비스를 이용한 여행 기록 애플리케이션을 제안한다. 현재 제공되는 서비스에서는 장소에 대해 제공하는 정보가 매우 한정적이다. 따라서 공유 커뮤니티를 형성할 수 있도록 하여 다양한 정보를 전달하고 직접적인 시각 자료를 제공받을 수 있는 애플리케이션이 필요하다고 생각하여 기획하게 되었다. ReactNative와 SpringBoot를 사용하며, MySQL을 이용하여 데이터를 저장한다. Google Map API를 활용하여 사용자가 기록하고자 하는 장소에 대한 위도와 경도 정보를 받을 수 있도록 하며, AR 기능은 Unity로 구현하였다. AR을 포함한 혼합 현실 서비스를 제공하여 사용자들이 본인의 경험에만 의존하는 것이 아닌 풍부한 몰입력과 현장감을 통해 보다 가시적이고 생생한 다이어리 기록을 만들 수 있다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2022

셀린 시아마는 동시대를 대표하는 여성감독이다. 그녀는 꾸준히 여성에 관한 주제로 작품을 만들고 있으며, '여성서사'를 개척해왔다고 할 수 있다. 특히 성장기 소녀의 성적 정체성 형성을 둘러싼 복잡성과 또래 문화가 개인들에게 미치는 영향들을 다루는 데 있어 독보적인 시각을 보여주고 있다. <타오르는 여인의 초상>에서 감독은 가부장이 부재하는 해방된 공간에서 '아가씨', '화가', '하녀' 간의 여성 연대를 보여주면서, 여성주의적 고전 해석과 여성 역사 기록에 대한 자기반영적인 의식을 보여준다. 이 영화는 '그림 그리기'라는 설정을 토대로 시각예술 전반의 역사를 통해 구축된 시선의 젠더화, 응시와 대상화, 본다는 것과 권력의 문제 등을 탐사한다. 영화 속에서 엘로이즈와 마리안느의 초상화 작업은 '보는 자로서의 남성 화가와 남성의 시선을 경유하여 자신을 응시하는 여성 모델'이라는 공식을 해체하고 응시를 주고받음의 상호작용 과정으로 전화시킨다. 응시를 주고받는 과정은 엘로이즈의 몸에 마리안느의 얼굴이 겹쳐지는 누드화로 인장된다. 이는 서구의 회화 역사에서 보기 방식의 양식화를 통해 남성 관객 위치를 이미지 안에 새겨 넣는 지배적 형식으로서의 누드화를 레즈비언의 에로틱한 시선으로 일순간에 전복시킨다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1993

These studies were conducted to: a) investigate work patterns and productivity indices, b) rate performance levels of employees and c) determine the suggested levels of personnel and labor hours for the effective labor control in school foodservice. Eighteen elementary school foodservices in Seoul were selected in order to analyze work patterns by the work sampling methodology. Allowance time and performance rating by VTR observation was done to determine the standardized labor hours. The results were as follows. The average percentage of each work function of the total work functions such as direct work function, indirect work function and delay were 65.57%, 8.12%, 26.31% respectively. The productivity index is 0.92 min/meal. The average working and delay hours per week of the foodservice director, foodservice employees and supply person were 33.64 hours, 23.25 hours, 38.52 hours respectively. The percentage of delay hours of total labor hours for foodservice employees and supply person were 42.27% and 24.0%. The standardized work hours and the appropriate levels of foodservice employees of 17 elementary school foodservices were examined: The average rating of the foodservice employees work was 1.19 and British Insulated Calendarer Cables (BICC) allowance rate was 19.40% on the average. The total work hours of foodservice employees were 172.64 hours per week and levels of personnel were 4.53 persons. BICC allowance rate was applied: The standardized work hours per week was 180.95 hours and appropriate levels of personnel were 4.11 persons based on legal 44 working hours.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.163-180
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the community based home care service, and make reorientation for better service. The data was collected from the public health center, which was operated for one year, 1997. This case is evaluated and reoriented according to five elements of public health care system; system of resources for public health, organization and administration, health care delivery system of financing, management. In resources for public health, available health personnels are 15 physicians, 17 nurses, 11 nurse aides and 2 other persons. One professional health personnel take care of 609 clients, The equipments used for elderly and the disabled are 6 wheelchairs, 4 walkers, 1 hairwashers and 30 viberations. But these equipments are not enough to deal all clients. In organization and administration, planning and setting goals for community home care are made by the director, supervisor of family department and public health nurse. So there is no regular commitee for home care services in this community. The form of delivery of health care is focused on preventive health care. The important works of public health nurse are health education, preventive care for hypertension, D.M. and vaccination of communicable desease. In finaning system, funds come from central government(8.3%), local goverment(16.7%) and health center itself(3.8%), The services consist of health education, vaccination, clinical test and equipment. There are several local volunteers, which are local hospitals, a college, a christian association, a catholic association, a drivers association and a disabled association. The volunteer groups give physical and mental support to the clients. In management, this health center has three evaluation methods. One is done by local government, one is done by health center itself, and the other is done by clients with questionair. But the evaluation tools are deferent between agency. Home care services must be planned and evaluated. This public health center has to have more personnel, equipments, education for professional kowledge and meetings with community volunteer agencies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.402-415
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• 2016

혁신에 대해 기업들이 커다란 관심을 두고 수행하고 있지만, 어떠한 혁신을 어떻게 수행해야 하는 것이 기업활동에 적합한지에 대해서는 상대적 관심이 적은 편이다. 특히, 기업이 벤치마킹이라는 기법을 활용하여 다른 선도기업의 혁신사례를 자사에 활용하고자 하는 경향이 있는데, 이는 매우 위험한 발상이라 할 수 있다. 왜냐하면, 기업은 동일 산업이라 하더라도 규모나, 주요 고객 등 여러 가지 기업이 처한 상황이 다르기 때문에 성공한 기업의 혁신사례가 자사에 적합하다고는 볼 수 없다. 따라서 기업은 리딩기업의 성공사례보다는 자사와 유사한 환경에서 성공 가능한 혁신 패턴을 바탕으로 자사에 적용하는 것이 더 적절할 수 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 혁신유형이 환경이나 제품과 같은 상황별로 다른 유형의 혁신패턴을 갖고 있다는 Grawe와 Scotte의 모델을 활용하여, 다양한 경영혁신 패턴을 파악하고, 이러한 패턴별로 기업의 성과에 다르게 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 분석 대상을 서비스산업에서 물류서비스를 제공하는 기업들을 대상으로 분석하여, 향후 물류 산업의 경쟁력 제고를 위한 혁신 패턴과의 관계를 파악하는데 주요 목적을 두고 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2005

This study groups the life content of adolescents according to their time spent during the week and compares their internet use. The data were collected from 2210 middle and high school students, including their life content and hours, and various internet factors such as self-evaluated internet addiction, internet support, internet experience, chatting subjects and the type of internet service. Adolescents were divided into five groups: TV-oriented group, computer-oriented group, peer-oriented group, self-study group and extracurricular institution group. The purpose of internet use, internet experience, chatting subjects, negative aspects of internet and internet addiction were different by adolescents' group type. The peer-oriented group had the highest real self image as opposed to the cyber self image and trusted other's words on the internet. The TV-oriented group had the lowest trust in the internet. The computer-oriented group received the highest internet support and internet experiences, but didn't use the internet for the purpose of information search. The self-study and extra-curricular institution groups used the internet the least, used it to solve stress and were interested in school circles on the internet.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate food service management system and nutrition education of the early childhood education institute in Yongdungpo, Seoul. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 26 public early childhood education institute and 34 private ones. A majority of the teachers were women over 40 with at least bachelor's degree. Other than the fact that food service provides food to the children, it contributed in providing the essential nutrients to the children, as well as giving them the opportunity to learn table manners. A normal food service would provide one set of lunch and two sets of snacks, which would be provided by the institute itself. In most cases, the director or teachers planned the menus instead of dietitians. Journals, cookbooks, and other information put out by mass communication, such as TV and newspapers, were used as reference to those menus. The factors considered in planning the menus were mainly nutritional balance and the children's food preference. The difficulties in meal management were about the budget and nutritional menu planning. Fifty five percent of the subjects were did nutrition education, and they focused mainly on the table manners and hygiene education but once a year. The difficulties and complaints in execution nutrition education at the institutes were lack of nutritional knowledge, personal shortage, and excessive work. The institutes were urgently requesting for menu provisions from local Public Health Clinics. As a recommendation from the results of this study, food service management and nutrition related subjects should be more enforced into the nursery teacher training curriculum. Also, it is necessary to provide nutrition education to teachers, and as a link, the need to develop a manual for nutrition education has become urgent.

• 교육시설
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1998

With increased social participation of married women and with the notion of importance of pre-school childhood on human development, the importance of nurseries is being emphasized. The transformation of the traditional family system into a nuclear family system and the deterioration of the traditional child education have also put nurseries as a primal social interest. But, at present, at the end of 1994, only 10% of the children have benefitted from such facilities, the supply not being able to meet demand. Also, the spatial organization and the management of such facilities has been unsatisfactory. In this perspective, this study aims to grasp the present condition of nurseries, to investigate and analyse case studies, to suggest standards and reform measures, and based on these, to produce basic information for the formation of an architectural spatial model. We've selected investigation of present conditions and case studies, interviews, and observation as investigative methods and through these we've assessed tangible spatial planning and spatial proportion by parts. 1. The most preferred grouping method is toddler/preschooler type, and the group size and staff-to-child ratios vary according to the children's age 2. The younger children's activity rooms are located in the lower level, and the activity room of the children on the similar development stages are located adjacent to one another 3. Most of the facilities do not have the public spaces(indoor playrooms, dinning rooms, napping rooms, bathrooms, sickrooms) For dinning and napping, activity rooms are being used, and for sickrooms, director's room or staff rooms 4. As for the correlations of the spaces(home bases, activity rooms and its outdoor spaces, day-care-centers and its community), closed plan type is 90% over, and modified open plan is 10% min.