• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between high heels and body imbalance among female college students in their twenties who mainly wear high heels and prevent associated problems. Methods: The subjects included 89 female college students in their twenties. They were measured in plantar pressure with a gait analyzer. Their legs were measured in length with a tape measure. Their pain intensity and pain frequency were measured in visual analog scale and in pain rating score. Results: There were statistically positive correlations between right leg length and low back pain frequency (p<.05) and negative correlations between the left hindfoot and low back pain frequency (p<.05). There were statistically positive correlations between right leg length and knee pain frequency (p<.05) and positive correlations between the ankle pain intensity and right leg length (p<.05). Conclusion: The stronger the pain was in the ankle, the stronger and more frequent their lumber pain was. When the pressure of the left heel was lower, the frequency of lumbar pain increased.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of the women's fashion field with the goal of creating creative and experimental fashion styles through the categorization of cases of women's fashion design expressed with Maximalism, a type of expression used in modern fashion, as well as analyzing and examining the formativeness of this style. Qualitative research was conducted through a literature review and design case analysis. The scope of this research was from 2011 S/S to 2016 F/W, and the regional scope included the women's collections from Paris, Milano, London and New York. The results acquired are as follows. Initially, exaggeration was expressed through excessively exaggerating the overall silhouette of clothing or exaggeratedly distorting certain parts of the overall silhouette. Secondly, decoration was expressed through the use of the same colors and materials and the addition of excessive details and trimmings to express an exaggerated style of clothing as well as to express a luxurious and handcrafted style of clothing. Thirdly, fusion was expressed through integrating multiple items from different cultures, deconstruction, which destroys the concept of gender and use of clothing, and fashion style that transcends time and space. Fourthly, non-structurality was expressed through differentiating multiple weight feelings applied to the left/right sides of clothing or expressing a structural designs that is asymmetrical to the upper/lower/left/right directions to create a silhouette that displays a creative avant-garde style. As examined above, it was found that the maximalism expressed in fashion after 2011 created new images and expressed maximized emotional orientations through the exaggerated use of multiple silhouettes and decorations or through the integration of colors, patterns, ages and images. Through this process, maximalism is expected to not only provide an infinite possibility to the modern fashion that pursues diversification and multiplication, but also serve as an example that represents diversified post-modernism fashion trends in the future.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.203-219
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• 2007

The education chance and job opportunity of women have increased in the 19th century. Also, women tried to get the right and chance equal to men in this period. Therefore, the population of women participating in the sports have increased. And comfortable and practical pantaloons which men have been wearing were suggested to women. This study investigated the characteristics and change of women's sports wear relating to social change in the 19th century. The results of this study were as follows: 1. According to the social change, women participated in the sports activities with the opportunity equal to men, and the appropriate women's sports wear was needed. 2. Pantaloons which were suggested as the clothing reform movement became popular with the development of sports wear. 3. Simple, effective, comfortable and easy style sports wear was preferred. 4. Women accepted men's sports wear positively. 5. The women's sports wear varied according to the various kinds of sports. 6. The healthful design was preferred and harmful design was excluded. 7. Underwear was improved functionally and simplified. 8. The main materials were flannel, wool, tweed, homespun and serge, and the mail colors were brown, dark blue, gray and black.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2006

In this study the swimwear pattern focused on a typical middle-aged women's body was developed and discussed. To determine the characteristics of a typical middle-aged women's body, their actual bust were cast. According to a generated flattened body surface shell, the right side of pattern was designed considering stretching ratio of swimwear materials as shown in the figure 3. Special features of the developed swimwear pattern are a bust dart, a particularly designed lining, a power-net, and a brassiere-cup. Against a commercial swimwear pattern, the darts were applied to bust area considering its volume. The lining was attached on the entire right side except brassiere part, and power-net was added twice on belly and hip part. As a result, silhouette and body shape were improved. The new brassiere-cup was designed and made to satisfy the middle-aged women's demand about their bust volume. Swimwear fitting test was performed, and it was evaluated. The developed swimwear rated activity, body support, entire silhouette, pressure, comfortable fitting, suitability with body figure, nudity higher by comparison with a commercial swimwear, as shown in the Table 6. Specially the developed swimwear satisfied future customers about a bust, a hip, a waist, a belly area, which the middle-aged women are not confident. Reducing exposure of an armhole and upper leg area, it also satisfied them. New developed swimwear pattern will provide useful reference to swimwear businesses targeting middle-aged women.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2012

주택임대차보호법 제8조1항에서 인정하고 있는 최우선변제권은 임차주택에 대하여 임차보증금이 일정금액이하인 소액 임차인의 경우에는 보증금 중 일정액을 선순위 조세채권 및 담보물권자 보다 우선하여 경매절차에서 우선 변제 받을 수 있는 권리로서 임차인 중 특별히 보호가 필요한 무주택 서민들을 위하여 기존의 사법질서를 무시하고 담보물권자들의 이익을 해치면서까지 인정되는 법정담보 권리이다. 그러나 최우선변제권은 법이 예상하고 있는 무주택 서민들의 주거생활의 안정을 기하는 순기능도 가지고 있지만 반면에 법이 인정한 특혜적인 보호를 악용하여 경매절차상 여러 이해관계인들에게 피해를 야기하는 역기능도 적지 않는바, 이에 대한 개선방안을 본 연구에서 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.109-120
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• 1999

The characteristics of Korean women's foot shape were extracted by analyzing foot measurements. 14 measurements were measured from foot outline and 12 conventional measurements were taken on the right foot of 386 Korean women from 18 to 86 years. The results indicate that women's foot shape is changed with aging. The young subjects' feet were longer than the foot length of older subjects. The metamorphosis angle of the women over age 45 was greater than the measurement of women under age 45. The typical Korean women's foot shapes characterized by cluster analysis were (1) small foot with little deformity on great toe, (2) wide foot with big deformity on great toe, and (3) thick and narrow foot with moderate deformity on great toe. These results indicate that the foot height and the degree of deformity on great toe are needed to be considered in developing the shoe last for Korean women. The specialized shoe last needs to be developed for elderly.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.393-406
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out women's need and level of knowledge about episiotomy, pain and discomfort related to episiotomy on a cross-sectional survey design. The subjects were 102 postpartal women agreed on oral consent. 34 postpartal women admitted at obstetric ward of H university hospital, 34 postpartal women admitted at 2 Sanhujoriwons, and 34 women within one year afterbirth. They were selected in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected from July, 1 to September 30, 2000, by a structured questionnaire. The instrument used for this study was a questionaire consisted of 5 items of general characteristics, 12 items of obstetric characteristics, 10 items of level of knowledge (Chronbach $\alpha$ .8176), 8 items of need of education(Chronbach $\alpha$ .8836), 3 items of pain (Chronbach $\alpha$ .9252), and 3 items of discomfort (Chronbach $\alpha$ .8092). The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows; 1. 63.2% of respondents had right answer on 6-8 items among 10 items. Only 4.4% of women got right answer on 10 items all. 2. The need of education was high(4.45%) on all items and the range of score was $4.25{\sim}4.64$. 3. The strength of pain was the highest within one week afterbirth(5.93/10) and became lower in 8-14 days afterbirth(2.55). And after 15days of postpartum, the pain level became to the lowest level(1.08). However, pain was delayed until more than one month afterbirth. 4. The level of discomfort was the highest one week afterbirth(6.88/10) and became lower in 8-14 days afterbirth(4.20). And after 15days of postpartum, the discomfort level became to the lowest level(2.47). Universally, the degree of discomfort was higher than pain. 5. There was a strong positive correlation between discomforts and pain ($r=.752^{**}$) and weak positive correlation between discomforts and the level of educational need($r=.308^*$). In conclusion, women have a right to choose whether she will have episiotomy or not according to her decision making based on the comprehensive knowledge of episiotomy before they get episiotomy with consent process and explanation in detail. Women health care providers like nurses have a responsibility to do conscious raising and empowerment for women so that they could lead themselves to choose given medical treatments for women's health and wellbeing and the quality of life in her life cycle.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an arthritis self-management program on elderly women living alone in the community. Methods: This study recruited 36 individuals, who participated in the program once a week for six weeks at two community centers. The program consisted of muscle strengthening and flexibility exercises, health education on muscles and joints, and joint dance for aerobic exercise. The data collected were analyzed using the paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank test. Results: After six weeks, participants showed significant improvements in pain (t=3.03, p=.005), difficulties in activities of daily living (t=2.77, p=.010), health-related quality of life (t=-2.63, p=.014), flexibility of right shoulder (z=-2.42, p=.015), and balance (right leg, t=-2.63, p=.036; left leg, z=-2.36, p=.018). Conclusion: The results showed that the arthritis self-management program effectively improved outcomes for elderly women living alone. Thus, this program could be incorporated into various programs for elderly people living alone.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sexual education program on female college students' sexual knowledge and sexual autonomy. Methods: The integrative 5-week (15 hour) sexual education program reflecting control and coping aspects of sexual autonomy was developed based on self-determination theory. 59 female students were assigned to the experimental (n=29) and the control group (n=30). Students completed the sexual knowledge and the sexual autonomy questionnaires at prior to the program, right after and 10 weeks after the completion of the program. Independent t-test were used to test the effectiveness of the program. Results: Significant group differences were found on sexual autonomy score right after and 10 weeks after the completion of the program. No significant group differences were found on sexual knowledge at any time after the program completion. Conclusion: The results indicate that the 5-week Sexual Education Program was effective in increasing female college students' sexual autonomy. Nursing professors majoring women's health nursing may contribute to improving college students' sexual autonomy by opening the sexual education program as a general elective curriculum. Strategies to improve sexual knowledge need to be considered for better effectiveness of the program.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.947-955
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• 2017

A competing risk analysis has been applied when subjects experience more than one type of end points. Geskus (2011) showed three types of estimators of CIF are equivalent under left truncated and right censored data. We extend his approach to an interval censored competing risk data by using a modified risk set and evaluate their performance under several sample sizes. These estimators show very similar results. We also suggest a test statistic combining Sun's test for interval censored data and Gray's test for right censored data. The test sizes and powers are compared under several cases. As a real data application, the suggested method is applied a data where the feasibility of the vaccine to HIV was assessed in the injecting drug uses.