• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.797-813
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends and to achieve in-depth understanding about the research on families in later life. The journal articles related to the elderly and family studies published between 1980 and 2008 were analyzed for theories, research subjects and methodology. A total of 181 research articles were published focused on the elderly and families during this period of time. The results are as follows; there has been a steady increase in the number of research articles analyzing the elderly and families since 1980. However, there was little effort to integrate empirical findings with theories. With regards to the methodology, the majority of the studies used quantitative methods, although the number of the qualitative studies increased after 1990. The size of samples in most of the quantitative studies was large enough to test inferential statistic techniques. The research subjects such as family relations(parent-adult child, grandparent-grandchildren), family conflict, support system were studied in depth; however, the practical use of these research findings in welfare policies and service programs was not so effective. In future, researchers should be expected to play important roles in the practical fields and the policy implementation process utilizing their research findings.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.67
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• pp.69-104
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• 2017

This paper examines the aspect of the novel which appeared in the union of the male and female relationship of "OkSuki", one of the novels of the 19th century. "Oksuki" is a work focusing on the relationship between men and women. It takes a narrative structure based on the relationship. It shows various aspects of the relationship through the structure in which the pluralities of plural persons are repeated. Other events and illustrations, except for the talk, are both an occasion of the alliance and an auxiliary role. At the beginning of the work, the main character's parents are described in detail.By arranging the prophecies related to the relationship between the protagonist and the brothers, it suggests that subsequent narratives will flow into the center of the relationship. The male characters that make up the alliance are characteristically trained and have a good taste, and the Caines are colorfully colored. It is believed that the marriage pattern faithfully follows the medieval status order. The reason why the figure of the person who becomes his wife and the person of the concubine are set differently is because the image of the wife and the concubine are different from each other ideally. The characters who are going to be hungry are emphasized on the clause, efficacy, knowledge, and inner peace, and are actively involved in. On the other hand, conciliatory characters emphasize talent and craftsmanship, and their role is reduced after marriage. The wife is a person who has both Confucian culture and knowledge and is able to care for her husband and family well. Concultation is shaped as a person who can enjoy joyful life and emphasize more affection in relation with his wife.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2021

Purpose: Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely available drug responsible for a large part of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in developed countries. Although acetaminophen overdose cases in Korea are being continuously reported, there are no reports related to the level of this drug in the patient's blood or of laboratory analysis at emergency departments (ED). This study sought to analyze the acetaminophen overdose cases at a toxicological laboratory and to survey APAP analysis services offered at select EDs. Methods: We analyzed the demographic and analytic data at a toxicological laboratory run by the National Emergency Medical Center (NMC) in 2019-2020. We surveyed the APAP laboratory service in the 38 regional emergency medical centers (EMCs) and 68 local EMCs near the toxicological laboratory. Results: We studied 175 acute poisoning cases (112 women) with positive blood APAP results (mean age 47.0±24.1 years). Suicide attempts comprised 40.0% of the cases and 30.3% APAP overdose events. In the univariate analysis, we observed that patients were significantly younger, with fewer underlying medical diseases. There were a higher number of APAP overdose events, more favorable initial mental status, more toxic quantity intake in the above treatment line group (p<0.05), In multivariate analysis, the toxic amount intake was significantly more frequent in the above treatment line group (p<0.01). Hospital APAP analysis services were available in six EMCs (3/38 regional and 3/68 local). The hospital blood APAP level reporting intervals were shorter than outside-hospital laboratory services (p<0.01, regional 7.0±3.0 vs. 40.6±27.5, local 5.3±3.1 vs. 57.9±45.1 hours). The NMC toxicological laboratory reporting interval was shorter than the other outside-hospital laboratories (p<0.01, regional 5.7±0.6 vs. 50.2±22.7 local 7.5±3.0 vs. 70.5±41.5 hours). Conclusion: Over the treatment line group, toxic amount intake was significantly more frequent. Only six of 106 EMCs have their own APAP analysis service in their hospitals.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.479-492
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• 2020

Background: As the prevalence of hypertension is increasing in Korea, the government is seeking policy actions to manage patients with hypertension more efficiently. In this paper, we aimed to identify factors associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension. Methods: We analyzed a total of 15,040 cases of 3,877 outpatients with hypertension obtained from the Korea Medical Panel database from 2010 to 2016. The dependent variable was whether a patient with hypertension visited a hospital or not; and independent variables were the patient's various socio-demographic, health-related, and heath-status characteristics. We conducted a generalized linear mixed model analysis with logit link for all the cases and then conducted it stratified by gender. Results: As a result of a multivariable analysis, women were less likely than to visit at a hospital (odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.61) and people aged 65 years and older than those aged less than 65 years (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89). Residents in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam were more likely than those in than Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Jeju to visit a hospital (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05-1.86). The likelihood of visiting a hospital was high in people belonging to a group of: the highest level of annual household income (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.30-2.29); Medical care aid recipients (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.34-2.83); people having three or more complex chronic diseases (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.19-2.11); people having diabetes (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.41-2.32); or people having ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease (OR, 6.80; 95% CI, 5.28-8.76). Also, we found that factors associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension differed between genders. Conclusion: A variety of factors seem to be associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension. Future research needs to find a way to help patients with hypertension visit an appropriate medical institution between clinics and hospitals.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.437-444
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• 2022

In this study, the current status of the school sports meeting, school union sports meeting, and social organization sports meeting in the late modern period of Korea was described. Among them, the most held school sports meeting was the birthplace of the beginning and development of modern sports in Korea. And it played a decisive role in promoting physical education in the modern sense to society. The school union sports meeting was initially held for government and imperial purposes, but since 1905, the scale and number of private schools across the country have increased as many private schools have attended sports meetings. It can be seen that these school sports meetings and school union sports meetings had very clear patriotic, ethnic, and enlightening characteristics. Finally, looking at the representative social organization sports meetings in records such as newspapers at the time, it can be seen that their personalities were very diverse. In addition, sports meeting of local women's association, sports meeting of Gyeongseong water supply merchants, and current alumni sports meeting were held. These social organization sports meetings and school union sports meetings played an important role in the development of modern sports and social sports in Korea. More importantly, these sports events developed more and more, which led to the development of various sports competitions.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2023

This study analyzed what consumer characteristics affect the experience of using overseas direct purchase at a time when the overseas direct purchase market is rapidly increasing and consumers' interest in overseas direct purchase is increasing accordingly. For the study, personal data from the 2022 Korea Media Panel Survey were used, and data from 6,734 people who responded "yes" or "no" to whether or not to use overseas direct purchase among 9,941 total respondents were used for analysis. In addition, three variables (demographic, media utilization status, values and lifestyle) were selected among the items of the Korea Media Panel Survey. First, general characteristics were analyzed fo 6,734 people, then, Chi-square test and t-test were performed for comparative analysis between each variable according to the use of overseas direct purchase. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors affecting overseas direct purchase. As a result of the analysis, 4 out of 5 demographic variables, 2 out of 3 media utilization variables, and 3 out of 7 values and lifestyle variables were derived as decisive factors for using overseas direct purchase. These results can be used to establish marketing strategies that can increase the use of consumers through domestic shopping malls, such as providing differentiated services for the sale of overseas direct shopping products on domestic shopping sites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-295
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the awareness of dietary patterns and health of full-time and employed housewives. The investigation gathered information on general characteristics, dietary lifestyle, nutritional status, and health by questionnaire as well as anthropometric measurements. The subjects included housewives living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province (86 full-time and 127 working housewives) during November 2009 to January 2010. The average age, height, and weight of the housewives were $45.8{\pm}7.6\;yr$, $161.0{\pm}8.4\;cm$, and $55.7{\pm}6.3\;kg$, respectively. The average monthly income of the households was 3 million to 5 million won (31.4% full-time and 37.0% working housewives), and their average food expense was 200,000 to 500,000 won (46.5% full-time and 48.1% working housewives). More than 90% of the studied homes were nuclear families and the most common number of children was 2 to 3 (79.1% full-time and 76.4% working housewives). The ratio of employed housewives who ate regular meals was 35.4%, but that of the full-time housewives was 48.2% (p<0.05). Of the working housewives, 7.1% never ate breakfast and the primary reason for skipping breakfast was 'busy in the morning' (61.1%). The type of food that the housewives preferred when eating out was Korean food, both for the full-time and employed housewives (76.0%). All the housewives overate calories and the full-time housewives ate more protein, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, and cholesterol than the employed housewives (p<0.05). Both the full-time and employed housewives were more satisfied with supper than with other meals. About 30.6% of the full-time and 33.9% of the working housewives had no interest in health, but answered that regular exercise was very important for health (33.3% full-time and 39.7% working housewives). In conclusion, working housewives have poor dietary habits and nutrient intakes, thus substantial measures to improve these problems are urgently needed.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 2023

Based on the perception that integrated retirement preparation in various areas is needed in preparation for increased old age, this study aims to identify the status and characteristics of retirement preparation of middle-aged people and reveal the relationship with successful aging. In addition, it aims to find out the mediating effect of social support in the relationship between retirement preparation and successful aging for the middle-aged. To confirm this, 1,037 men and women aged 50 to 64 who responded to the third, fourth, and fifth additional surveys of the Korean Retirement & Income Study (KReIS) conducted by the National Pension Research Institute were analyzed. When the preparation of middle-aged people for retirement affects successful aging, bootstrapping with IBM SPSS 26 Process Macro Model 4 was conducted to verify the mediating effect of social support. As a result of verifying the significance of independent variables on the parameters, preparation for retirement was positively (+) significant. In other words, it was verified that the higher the preparation for retirement, the higher the social support. Furthermore, it was discovered that social support, an independent variable, had a significant impact on successful aging, and social support, an independent variable, had a significant impact on successful aging. The results of this study suggest the need for social support for successful aging through the preparation of middle-aged people for retirement. It is intended to derive policy implications for preparing for retirement and provide them as basic data to increase the level of successful aging.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2014

Environmental concern has been an important issue for a few decades, and the extent of consumer demand for eco-friendly consumption has been increased. This study seeks to investigate consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for eco-friendly cosmetics. This study evaluates how much more a consumer is willing to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics and examines significant factors influencing consumers' WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Consumers' WTP is measured using four different ecofriendly cosmetics: low-priced skin care cosmetics, low-priced makeup cosmetics, high-priced skin care cosmetics, and high-priced makeup cosmetics. This study uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate consumer's WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Survey questions were designed using both dichotomous choice and payment card method of CVM. Through face to face interviews and on-line surveys, the data were collected from women between 20 and 49 years old residing in Seoul and Kyeonggi area, Korea, in May 2010. A total of 226 questionnaires (132 from interviews and 94 from on-line) were included for the analytical sample in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, T-test and Log-Logit analysis. The findings are as follows: First, the WTP measured by dichotomous choice method was estimated using the Log-Logit analysis. The results showed that the estimated WTP for low-priced skin care cosmetics was 19,152 won, which was 27.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won. For low-priced makeup cosmetics, the estimated WTP was 18,524 won, and its green premium was 21.0%. The estimated WTP for high-priced skin care cosmetics was 59,128 won, which was 18.3% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics was 57,666 won, and its green premium was 15.3%. Second, the WTP measure by payment card method was estimated using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the respondents were willing to pay 17,955 won for low-priced skin care cosmetics, which was 19.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won and 17,595 won for low-priced makeup cosmetics, which was 17.3% higher than the reference price. For high-priced skin care cosmetics, the average WTP was 56,950 won which was 13.9% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics, the average WTP was 55,650 won, which was 11.3% higher than the reference price. Overall, the WTP was higher in order of low-priced skin care, low-priced makeup, high-priced skin care, and high-priced makeup. It means that consumers decide degree of premium based on the price and the attributes of eco-friendly products. Third, the findings showed that age, monthly income, and having children or not were statistically significant factors that influenced consumers' willingness to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics. Other explanatory variables such as education, marital status, job, purchase experience of eco-friendly products, and environmental concerns did not show any statistical significance. The major contribution of this study is the investigation of the value of green attributes of the products by using CVM. Unlike most previous researches, this research used two methods of CVM, the dichotomous choice and the payment card, so it enhanced the reliability of research. According to this study, consumers showed price sensitivity when they pay green premium. These findings can be used as useful information to establish marketing strategies for green cosmetics.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

This was empirical research aimed at determining the effects of emotional labor, Resilience and service environment, on the performance of Long-term Care Hospital Employee. The participants were 180 employees working in long-term care hospitals in Gyeonggi-do. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS statics19.0 program. The study were analyzed by frequency analysis and descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffe? test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise regression. As a result of the study, age, marriage status, career, and position affected performance among the general characteristics.tion coefficients, and stepwise regression. As a result of the study, the average performance was 91.25 (±12.46) points, emotional labor was 41.25 (±4.21) points, Resilience was 52.89 (±6.37), and the service environment was 78.93(±15.3) points. The performance showed a positive correlation with emotional labor(r=.326, p<.001) service environment (r=.384, p=.005) and Resilience (r=.417, p<.001) of Long-term Care Hospital Employee. Service environment was the biggest factor affecting performance, and the second was resilience. The explanatory power of this regression model was 48.2% and was statistically significant (F=58.249, p<.001).