• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.407-420
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to compare the differences in closing extraction spaces between maxillary first premolar and second premolar extractions using 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Maxillary artificial teeth were selected according to Wheeler's dental anatomy. The size and shape of each tooth, bracket and archwire were made from captured real images by a 3D laser scanner and FEA was performed with a 10-noded tetrahedron. A $10^{\circ}$ gable bend was placed behind the bull loop on a $0.017"{\times}0.025"$ archwire. The extraction space was then closed through 12 repeated activating processes for each 2mm of space. Results and Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the retraction of anterior teeth was less for the second premolar extraction than for the first premolar extraction. The anterior teeth showed a controlled tipping movement with slight extrusion, and the posterior teeth showed a mesial-in rotational movement. For the second premolar extraction, buccal movement of posterior teeth was highly increased.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2016

In the structure of modern houses, a living room is the space most frequently used by family members. In a living room, they rest, talk together, watch TV, study, read books and enjoy hobbies. A living room is furnished with a TV cabinet, a storage closet, a sofa, a bookshelf, a desk and etc. depending on the purposes of activities in it, which can be different in each house. Furniture is the required tool for indoor architectural space and humans to lead a life. In most families, a man and a woman marry each other and become man and wife, go through the honeymoon phase, give birth to one or two children and become a family with three or four members. According to the children's growth cycle from birth to infancy, early childhood, childhood, adolescence, youth and adulthood, furniture layout and kinds of furniture in a living room change. Depending on the family life cycle, most parents of young children try to help their children to form good habits of reading books and studying for their future. As for the environmental elements interrupting reading and studying, watching TV and using smart phones excessively are being regarded as problems. As the number of two-income families is increasing in this era when many women are participating in the social activities with the government's encouragement, children are having more time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 1987

In the life style of the neolithic age, cooking and sleeping space was in one room dugout without differentiation of spaces, so to say one room system. Ro(a kind of primitive fire place) was used for both cooking and heating. However, in the early part of the Iron Age, the uses of Ro were separated into two major uses of cooking and heating. Especially, L-shaped Kudle(an unique under floor heating structure of Korea) was invented for the new system of heating, extending to Koguryo Period. The life style of Koguryo Dynasty could be seen through the mural paintings of tombs. For these mural paintings contain of cooking space(Kitchen), meat storage, and mill house drawing, we can recognize that houses were specialized many quaters according to their function. Also a kitchen fuel hole for preparing food was built without relation to L-shaped Kudle. But during Koryo Period, Kudle could be set up all over the room, the so-called Ondol(the unique Korean panel heating system) settled down. From this development of heating system, room could be adjacent to kitchen, and kitchen fuel hole and heating fuel hole be onething. This system was developed with variety, extending to Chosun Dynasty. In the period of Chosun Dynasty, a kitchen was made close to an Anbang(Woman's living room), and Anbangs Ondol was heated by the warmth of a cooking fireplace. Therefore Handae Puok, outer kitchen was used in summer. As for its storage space, it was seen that there were a pantry near the kitchen and a store house constructed as an independant building. In the latter, it was devided into a firewood storage, a Kimchi storage, and a rice storage, etc. Especially it is a unique feature that 'Handae-Duyju', an outer rice chest which keeps rice, was constructed as an isolated small building.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1536-1543
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• 2004

Garment is made by a 2D pattern and should be fitted to a human body which has 3D characteristics. Therefore, to design a pattern more effectively, the use of 3D information of a human body and the investigation of relationship between the 3D garment and 2D pattern are necessary. In this work, ruled surface method was used to reflect the 3D information of a human body for a pattern design. The images of the brassiere line on the woman's dress form were captured by phase-shifting projection moire system and the 3D information on the design line was obtained. 2D patterns on the various parts of the brassiere were developed directly from the 3D data by the ruled surface method. In addition, design line, the area and the amount of dart were quantified. And then we verify the appropriateness of the ruled surface method to the 2D pattern development by measuring the distribution of the space between women's figure and segmented clothing item. It was found that the ruled surface method is useful to transform the 3D design line to the 2D pattern, if we followed the steps suggested in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.333-344
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• 1994

In this study an experiment was made using the function of computer simulation os to whether the phenomenon of optical illusion takes place also in clothing on the human body three-dimensional space through the case study of the Gestalt illusion of planar con-traction and expension by amodal completion in perceptual organization. One woman of latter 30s was selected as the experimental subject. She was made to wear the experimental clothing and then the frontal picture was projected of in the experimental clothing which was scanned into the com-puter. For the sake of the contractive experiment 5 stages were divided by 5-15cm the thick-nes of the black vertical line in the center of the upper garmet as the variable and for the sake of the expansive experiment the skirt length was set as the variable. It length measured 50-90cm which was divided by 10cm into 5 stages and simulated using the CAD. The basic design and the experimental de-sign were made one pair and the pictures totalled 20 pictures such as ten pictures save the human body for the estimation of the up-per garmet alone and ten pictures for the ob-servation of the effect on the human body. The extimating panel consisting of 20 panellers estimated contraction/expansion in the estimation of the upper garmet and the tall effect/the slim effect in the estimation of optical illusion as the estimating factors on the 9-point scale. All the date from experiment were analyzed by ANOVA(analysis of variance) and DUNCAN'S multiple range. As a result the experimental designs all showed a significant optical illusion in comparision with the basic design.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

We have made knitwear in a different way from the typical woven pattern; it does not have the dart, even for women's tops. The purpose of this research was to compare the fit and appearance of the torso pattern for circular knitted fabric between virtual try-on garments and real garments. First, a woman in her 20's was scanned by a 3D body scanner, and thus producing a virtual avatar. I prepared knit patterns and created a torso pattern appropriate for circular knitted fabric. Next, I measured the body size of the avatar. The 2D patterns for the torso and sleeves were developed using the Yuka Super ALPHA : Plus. The 3D virtual garments were made from the imported 2D patterns and were then tried on the 3D virtual avatars. Finally, the fit of the real garments and the virtual garments was compared. While the shape of the virtual try-on garments were similar to the real garments, the folding and sagging were different. This study found the length was the same as woven wear. However the actual bust size and the clothing size were the same which is not a typical characteristic of woven wear. In the case of hem measurement, more space was needed than actual body size but less space was needed than in woven patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5834-5840
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• 2013

Along with the development of high-speed, wired and wireless Internet technology, various harmful images in a form of photos and video clips have become prevalent these days. In this paper, we suggest a method of automatically detecting adult images by extracting woman's nipple areas which represent obscenity of the image. The suggested algorithm first segments skin color areas in the $YC_bC_r$ color space from input images and extracts nipple's candidate areas from the segmented skin areas through the suggested nipple map. We then select real nipple areas by using geometrical information and determines input images as harmful images if they contain nipples. Experimental results show that the suggested nipple map-based method effectively detects adult images.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.531-560
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• 2008

I hope to demonstrate in this paper the degree to which the works of Leonard and Virginia Woolf, mainly The Wise Virgins, The Village in the Jungle, and The Voyage Out, are contained within the politics of home. In doing so, I aim to challenge some mainstream criticism that affirms their resistance to British imperial desire. Although their statuses as outsiders in the British Empire, being a Jew and being a woman respectively, allowed Leonard and Virginia Woolf to criticize British imperialism and a male-dominated culture as well as racial and cultural hierarchies to a degree, their works inevitably unveil their prioritization of the British white-oriented space. In some ways their authorial positions in relation to their texts uphold the imperial center as an invisible regime of truth in their narratives, supporting the patriarchal and imperial binary oppositional structure and its hierarchical order imposed not only on the British subject but also on the foreign, colonial others. Leonard's and Virginia's inconsistencies and ambiguities betray their racial distantiation and notions of British white superiority, as disclosed in their racially stereotyped descriptions and the absence of real communication between the British characters and the colonial, foreign others. The work of self-repetition, the major mechanism in the politics of home, dies hard in Leonard's and Virginia's 'antiimperial' works. Leonard's and Virginia's struggle to stand against the imperial desire needs a genuine ethical position in order to embrace the Other, which would allow us to explore further and guard against the pitfall of postcolonial criticism's being easily degenerated into a neo-colonial criticism, another politics of home.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.193-208
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• 2015

This study is to search a meaning of treagedy to show by the 6th generation through charecter's tragedy in the 6'th Generation Chinese film. For this, it examined an inner characteristic behind of the tragedy's moment and externalized ending in directors' films of the 6'th Generation's representation. The 6'th Generation of Chinese film reorganized newly Chinese film's cultural topography in the 1990s. The 6'th Generation films, which rebelled against the primary melody and the 5'th Generation on the system, is expressed commonly a tragedy moment with the time and space by character's tragedy. Characters of the 6'th Generation in the tragedy moment attempts various efforts to escape from the tragedy moment. However, no one can overcome the wall of reality, and their concealed emotion as keeping it out of the public eye lead that play. The moment that the 6th generation film meets a tragedy, the main character's accumulated tragedy situations begin to unfold all together. A tragedy embodied through : a collapsed tragedy due to the past's wound, a tragedy due to loss of jobs, a tragedy due to a family's departure, a tragedy from a time of chaos, a tragedy of a woman who became a head of a household and other tragedies.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.739-742
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• 2013

A 52-year-old woman presented with lower back pain, progressive symmetrical paraparesis with sensory impairment, and sphincter disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole spine revealed multiple intradural extramedullary serpiginous-mass lesions in the subarachnoid space continuously from the prepontine to the anterior part of the medulla oblongata levels, C7, T2-T8, and T12 vertebral levels distally until the end of the theca sac and filling-in the right S1 neural foramen. Sparganosis was diagnosed by demonstration of the sparganum in histopathological sections of surgically resected tissues and also by the presence of serum IgG antibodies by ELISA. DNA was extracted from unstained tissue sections, and a partial fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was amplified using a primer set specific for Spirometra spp. cox1. After sequencing of the PCR-amplicon and alignment of the nucleotide sequence data, the causative agent was identified as the larva of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.