• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-53
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a singing program on withdrawal behaviors of children in low-income families. To measure the effects of the singing program, the researcher compared the results of K-YSR and TRF withdrawal scales before and after the program. Finally, the researcher did research on the subjects' musical and non-musical behaviors related to withdrawal through a record of behavior observation. The results of this study were asfollows: First, after comparing the results of K-YSR and TRF withdrawal scales conducted before and after the singing program, the mean of the scores was decreased by 6.4 and 3.6 points respectively (p = .042). Second, an analysis of withdrawal-related behavioral changes in music activities after the program showed an increase in frequency of eye contact, as well as tone and volume of subjects' voices. The results of this study indicate that the singing program has positive effects on withdrawal behaviors of children in low-income familiesin addition, it is effective in alleviating withdrawal-related behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nail diameter, driving distance from end on the nail check length, and the effects of nail diameter, prehole for nail driving, and nail driving slope on the nail withdrawal resistance, by the static test of universal testing machine. The test specimen were Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.) boards grown in southern district of Korea, and the nails for test were 2.02～4.82 mm in diameter. After nail driving, the back face checks of test boards were longer than the surface checks. The optimum nail diameter without checks or loss of nail withdrawal resistance were below 10% of board width and the optimum driving distance from end of boards were ten multiple of nail diameter. The relation between nail diameter (x) and withdrawal resistance (y) was linear and the regression formulae for Japanese cedar board was y = 8.66x + 7.6 ($R^2=0.978$). As both of the prehole diameter and driving slope were increased, the withdrawal resistances were significantly decreased.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between Korean youth's social withdrawal, depression and community sense mediated by achievement values. For this purpose, we analyzed three years of the longitudinal panel data (2011-2013) of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). Data were collected from 2,351 first year middle school students using the latent growth model using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 22.0. The main analysis results were as follows. First, social withdrawal and depression decreased and community sense increased as time passed. These results supported the linear change model. Second, the initial status of social withdrawal and depression had effects on the initial status and change rates of community sense. Achievement values, the partial mediator, had a positive influence on initial community sense but had a negative influence on change rates of community sense. We discussed how to improve Korean youth's community sense based on these results.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.363-369
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• 2012

Shear tests parallel to the grain were conducted on domestic wood samples with different growth ring orientations. Shear strength was dependent on the angles between the direction of growth ring orientation and the applied force. The maximum shear strength showed at the intermediate growth ring orientations. Results of shear tests were also used to modify the formula which had previously been developed to predict the withdrawal strength of screw on the face of lumber. Predicted equations were fitted to the results of previous study with different length of No. 8 screw. Predicted equation was under-predicted the withdrawal strength of 25 and 30 mm length of screw within 8% and over-predicted withdrawal strength of 18 and 38 mm length of screw. A little differences between the predicted by shear strength with different growth ring orientation and observed values was existed.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of mothers exhibiting maternal overprotective behavior and their children's aggression, withdrawal and perceived competence. For data collecting, 339 children attending the fifth/sixth grade of elementary school in Kwangju were involved. The major findings were as follows: First, maternal overprotective behavior related to school learning showed a significant difference due to the children's sex. Furthermore, maternal overprotective behavior related to daily life and school learning showed a significant difference due to the children's grade. Second, maternal overprotective behavior related to daily life showed a significant difference due to the mother's education level. Finally, the result of multiple regression analysis on the effects of the mother's overprotective behavior to the children's aggression, withdrawal, and perceived competence indicated that maternal overprotective behavior related to daily life and school learning was the significant contributing factor. All in all, the variables accounted for 11% of the children's aggression, 11% of the children's withdrawal, and 6% of the children's perceived competence.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.413-424
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• 2020

This study examines the direct effect of workforce restructuring on the withdrawal behavior and mediating effect of perceived job insecurity. Empirically it also explores the moderating effect of career plateau and procedural justice on the above relationship. The study focuses on the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of career plateau in relations to procedural justice, which will concentrate on the relationship between workforce restructuring and withdrawal behavior. For the empirical study, we collected and analyzed 442 survey data from employees of Korean companies. SPSS 24 is used for reliability, correlation and regression analysis. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, perceived job insecurity mediated the relationship between workforce restructuring and withdrawal behavior. Second, content career plateau had a negative moderating effect on the relationship between workforce restructuring and job insecurity. Finally, the moderating effect of procedural justice was not supported. This research extend workforce restructuring and career plateau related studies; by exploring the mediating variable and moderating variable on the relationship between workforce restructuring and the pertaining outcomes. Based on the results, we provide theoretical and practical implications along with future research recommendations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.115-130
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of career plateau(structural and content plateau) on IT service technical engineers' career satisfaction and career withdrawal intention. Survey data were collected from 161 IT service technical engineers. The results indicated that structural and content plateau were negatively related to career satisfaction, and content plateau was positively related to career withdrawal intention, but not structural plateau. In addition, the results of hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that content plateau had stronger effect on career satisfaction and career withdrawal intention then content plateau.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.495-501
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• 2001

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome includes two or more of the following symptoms: autonomic hyperactivity, increased hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting, hallucinations of illusions, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, grand mal seizures. Symptoms are usually relieved by administering brain depressant. In oriental medicine, Ju sang correspond to alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Galhwahaesung-tang has been used for the treatment of Ju sang. The authors treated 2 cases of alcohol withdrawal syndome with Galhwahaesung-tang and symptoms are markedly improved. So, We report these case with a brief review of related literatures.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the pathway from mothers' overprotective parenting to their child's peer play interactions mediated by internalizing problems, that is, social immaturity and withdrawal. Methods: Surveys were conducted on mothers and teachers of 341 children aged three to five. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics. Structural modeling analysis was also implemented to test theoretical model using AMOS 21.0. Results: Maternal overprotective parenting, which increased social immaturity of their child, indirectly reduced the child's positive interactions with peers during play. Mothers' overprotection led to a higher level of withdrawal of their child while the effect of children's withdrawal on their peer play interaction was not significant. Because overactive parenting of mothers had no direct effect on peer play interaction, the complete mediation model representing a path from maternal overprotection to children's peer play interaction via their internalizing problems was partially supported. Conclusion/Implications: This study shows that overprotective mothers hinder their child to experience confident and mature manners, and eventually lead their child to be socially unskillful and incompetent. It was suggested to explore more individual characteristics of mothers and children to help overprotective mothers to take a step back.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1225-1232
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• 2023

The ¹⁸⁰W is the lightest isotope of Tungsten with small abundance ratio. It is slightly radioactive (α decay), with an extremely long half-life. Its separation is possible by non-conventional single withdrawal cascades. The ¹⁸⁰W is used in radioisotopes production and study of metals through gamma-ray spectroscopy. In this paper, single withdrawal cascade model is developed to evaluate multicomponent separation in non-conventional transient cascades, and available experimental results are used for validation. Numerical studies for separation of ¹⁸⁰W in a transient single withdrawal cascade are performed. Parameters affecting the separation and equilibrium time of cascade such as number of stages, cascade arrangements, feed location and flow rate for a fixed number of gas centrifuges (GC) are investigated. The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) as a bio-inspired optimization algorithm is applied as a novel method to minimize the feed consumption to obtain desired concentration in the collection tank. Examining different cascade arrangements, it is observed in arrangements with more stages, the separation is further efficient. Based on the obtained results, with increasing feed flow rate, for fixed product concentration, the cascade equilibrium time decreases. Also, it is shown while the feed location is the farthest stage from the collection tank, the separation and cascade equilibrium time are well-organized. Finally, using SSA optimal parameters of the cascade is calculated, and optimal arrangement to produce 5 gr of ¹⁸⁰W with 90% concentration in the tank, is proposed.