• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2021

Purpose: Current research aimed at exploring whether group entitativity and satisfaction to becoming the member of group have positive effects on group identification, and whether group identification has positive effects on within-in-group domain consumption. This research focused on the mediation role of group identification in the effects of the group entitativity and the satisfaction to becoming the member of group on the within-in-group domain consumption. Research design, data, and methodology: We selected Shandong Province as our experimental target group and people living in Shandong province as our respondents. 316 questionnaire data were collected. The structural equation model in AMOS 26 were used to verify hypotheses. Results: First, group entitativity affected group identification positively. Second, satisfaction to becoming the member of group affected group identification positively. Third, group identification positively influenced on the within-in-group domain consumption. Fourth, the group identification played the full mediation roles in the effects of both the group entitativity and the satisfaction on the within-in-group domain consumption. Conclusions: marketers should highlight the group identification with their target group by stimulating the perception of the consumer's group entitativity and satisfied feelings about the group to induce the intent to purchase their brand as within-in-group domain consumption object.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

Purpose: Current study aimed at exploring the roles of system justification in the effects of consumers' self-identification with the threatened social in-group on the within-domain versus across-domain consumption. It focused on whether there are positive effects of both of the self-definition and the self-investment on the in-group system justification, and also explored whether the system justification, in turn, could make positive effects on the consumption. Research design, data and methodology: The self-identification was approached in view of self-definition and self-investment when the in-group was threatened by members of their out group. The empirical study was performed with the single factor within-subject design based on the feeling of the consumers' being threatened when the in-group was criticized by the others. The in-group threatened was accessed from the memory of each of the undergraduate students participating in the empirical study by asking them to remember the events by which their important in-group was perceived to be threatened in their past life. Questionnaire data collected from the undergraduate students were used to verify research hypotheses by structural equation model in Amos 21.0 program. Results: First, the self-definition positively affected the within-domain versus across-domain consumption, but did not affect the in-group system justification. Second, the self-investment positively affected the in-group system justification. Third, the system justification made positive effects on the within-domain versus the across-domain consumption. Therefore, this article could contribute to the development of the theory related to compensatory consumption in the view that there could be the positive mediation roles of system justification in the effects of consumers' self-investment to their in-group on the within-domain versus across-domain consumption when the in-group is threatened. Conclusions: The results of this study could give managerial implications to brand or product marketing managers. How to vitalize consumers' self-definition with, and self-investment to, the threatened in-group is at issue to the marketers when consumers' important in-group was threatened by others. By evoking the in-group-based self-investment to consumers when the in-group was threatened, the marketers should increase the level of the system justification, and the marketers should promote the consumers to recognize that their products or brands are included into the within-self domain.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

Purpose: Current study focused on investigating the effects of the self-dissociation as a thought in which consumers dis-identify or dissociate with the threatened in-group and the escapism as a tendency of consumers' distracting themselves and avoiding their thoughts about the in-group under severe but adoptable criticism by turning their attention elsewhere on across-domain compensatory consumption intention. And It explored not only the positive roles of undesirability thought against the in-group in consumers' forming the self-dissociation and the escapism, but also the effects of negative emotion to the in-group felt at the place of being exposed to the criticism against the in-group on the escapism. Research design, data, and methodology: The experiment was performed with the in-group-threatening single factor within-subject design. Questionnaire data were collected from 196 undergraduate students, and the data were used to testing research hypotheses by structural equation model of Amos 21.0. Results: First, both the self-dissociation of consumers' dis-identifying with the in-group criticized severely by others and the escapism of their deliberately directing their thoughts and distracting their attention away from thinking the in-group positively influenced on the across-domain compensatory consumption intention. Second, the negative emotion positively influenced on the escapism. Third, the undesirability thought to the in-group under the severe criticism positively effected on the self-dissociation as well as the escapism. Putting in the nutshell, the findings of this study are consistent with the idea that consumers can overcome the negative self-discrepancy on one dimension of their social identity by distracting themselves and avoiding thinking about the threatened in-group to find meaning on another dimension which might lead them to the place of doing the across-domain compensatory consumption. Conclusions - Focusing on the results of this study, checking which aspects of consumers' social identity are linked to products or brands is at issue to marketers when the consumers are faced with the criticism against the in-group. The marketers should build the messages about their products or brand not related to the checked aspects, and communicate the messages, to lead the consumers to the place of doing the across-domain compensatory consumption by their products or brands.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.75-88
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• 2021

Purpose: This research aimed at exploring the functions of consumers' perceiving approach and avoidance roles and their feeling anger and disgust in the effect of the two types of self-discrepancy at social identity such as the ideal self-discrepancy and the ought self-discrepancy on within-self domain versus across-self domain consumption. Research design, data, and methodology - This study divided the self-discrepancy group into the ideal self-discrepancy and the ought self-discrepancy group as experimental groups for empirical study. Self-discrepancy type between-subjects design was used to develop two types of questionnaire according to the type of experimental groups. The platform, 'questionnaire stars' of 'WeChat' in China was used to collect 103 data from the ideal self-discrepancy group and 102 from the ought self-discrepancy group for empirical study. T-test and the structural equation model in Amos 21 were used to verify hypotheses developed through theoretical review. Results - First, ideal self-discrepancy positively affected the role-approaching goal and anger. Second, ought self-discrepancy positively affected the role-avoiding goal and disgust. Third, the role-approaching goal and anger positively influenced on the within- versus across- domain consumption. Fourth, the disgust negatively influenced on the within- versus across- domain consumption, however the role-avoiding goal did not influence on the consumption. Fifth, there was the mediation roles of anger (disgust) in the effects of ideal (ought) self-discrepancy on the consumption. Conclusions - When consumers feel anger at the ideal self- discrepancy induced by in-group, it is necessary for the marketers to promote their product brand used by the in-group. They should develop and advertise the messages priming the ideal self-discrepancy and the anger to increase the intent to purchase or use their product brand when the in-group members have used the brand by relating the brand to their social identity concerned with the ideal self-discrepancy. However, marketers should help consumers feel disgust by developing and advertising the messages expressing the ought self-discrepancy to lead the consumers to the place of purchasing or using their product brand when the members have used the brand based on keeping the consistence between the brand and other social identity not related to the ought self-discrepancy.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.232-238
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• 2013

The vehicle system is a multi-domain system that requires many branches of science and engineering. Therefore the development of the vehicle system requires the use of design methodologies that utilize simulations, which have grown increasingly sophisticated in recent years. Our research group proposed a simulation modeling method based on the VHDL-AMS language. This paper describes how VHDL-AMS is used to model of vehicle fuel consumption simulation. The fuel consumption is shown using proposed simulation model on the Japanese 10-15 mode. We examine the influence of the vehicle system with electrical load and hill climb resistance in the vehicle running resistance.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2016

This study analyzes the middle school Home Economics textbook's 'Adolescence consumption life' unit using framework of Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) to examine correlation with the current Home Economics ESD, and aims to provide the base data for the composition of the educational curriculum that can help the students cultivate the capability for leading sustainable life from the future oriented perspective and for the selection of educational contents. This study analyzes the 'Adolescence consumption life' unit in the Home Economics textbook of the 12 type revised curriculum of 2009. As for the analysis method, Romey's content analysis method is used to carry out in-depth analysis of the ESD content elements. The analysis demonstrates the following. First, content elements extracted commonly from the 'Adolescence consumption life' unit are analyzed with the ESD's criteria of analysis (environment, economic and social domain), which led to the composition with the sub content elements following 23 related topics. Secondly, content elements of 12 types of Home Economics textbook's 'Adolescence consumption life' unit used in middle school are analyzed in three domains, which led to social domain (68%), economic domain (58%) and environmental domain (40%) in the order mentioned. This focused on the role of the Adolescent-consumer on the active consumer that is presented in the 2009 revised educational curriculum, and it is possible to see that this is very closely related to the right to organize and to be active in terms of the human safety, consumption culture, social interest and group.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.2167-2175
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• 2017

In recent years, an IoT is dramatically developing according to the enhancement of AI, the increase of connected devices, and the high-performance cloud systems. Huge data produced by many devices and sensors is expanding the scope of services, such as an intelligent diagnostics, a recommendation service, as well as a smart monitoring service. The studies of edge computing are limited as a role of small server system with high quality HW resources. However, there are specialized requirements in a smart factory domain needed edge computing. The edges are needed to pre-process containing tiny filtering, pre-formatting, as well as merging of group contexts and manage the regional rules. So, in this paper, we extract the features and requirements in a scope of efficiency and robustness. Our edge offers to decrease a network resource consumption and update rules and learning models. Moreover, we propose architecture of edge computing based on learning factors sharing with a cloud system in a smart factory.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 1999

The goals of moral education according to the 7th educational curriculum are (1) to learn the basic life custom and ethical norms necessary to desirable life, (2) to develop the judgment to solve desirably and practically the ethical matters in daily life, (3) to develop the sound citizenship, national identity and consciousness, and the consciousness of world peace and mankind's mutual prosperity, and (4) to develop the ethical propensity to practice the ideal and principle of life systematically Based on the goals in the above, the following can be established as goals of environmental education possible: (1) to learn judgment to solve practically the environmental problems in the society with their ethical understanding, and (2) to recognize that environmental consciousness is the basic necessity of sound citizenship and national identity and consciousness, and mankind's mutual prosperity, and to have attitudes to practice environmental preservation in daily life. Like these, the intellectual aspect, the affective aspect, and the active aspect can be established in the environmental education in the ethics education keeping their balance. In order to achieve its goals, the contents of ethics subject are organized largely with 4 domains: (1) individual life, (2) home life, life with neighbors, and school life, (3) social life, and (4) national life. Among these, environmental education is mainly included in the domain of social life. These contents concerning environmental education take 22 (32.4%) out of the whole 68 teaching factors which are taught in the ethics subject from the 3rd grade to 10th grade. These 22 environmental teaching factors are mainly related to environmental ethics, environmental preservation and measures, and sound consumption life. Classified according to each goal, the environmental contents in the 7th curriculum for ethics subject put emphasis on environmental value and attitudes, action and participation, and information and knowledge. Therefore, the recommendable teaching and learning method for the environmental education in ethics subject is to motivate students' practice or to make them practice in person. For example, role-play model, value-conflict model, group study model can be applied according to the topics of environmental education.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.10 s.101
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• pp.965-972
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• 2005

In this paper, we first review LDPC codes in general and a belief propagation algorithm that works in logarithm domain. LDPC codes, which is chosen for second generation digital video broadcasting standard, are required a large number of computation due to large size of coded block and iteration. Therefore, we presented two kinds of low computational algorithm for LDPC codes. First, sequential decoding with partial group is proposed. It has same H/W complexity, and fewer number of iteration's are required at same performance in comparison with conventional decoder algerian. Secondly, early detection method for reducing the computational complexity is proposed. Using a confidence criterion, some bit nodes and check node edges are detected early on during decoding. Through the simulation, we knew that the iteration number are reduced by half using subset algorithm and computational complexity of early detected method is about $50\%$ offs in case of check node update, $99\%$ offs in case of check node update compared to conventional scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.2C
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• pp.148-154
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• 2010

In this paper, we first review LDPC codes in general and a belief propagation algorithm that works in logarithm domain. LDPC codes, which is chosen 802.11n for wireless local access network(WLAN) standard are required a large number of computation due to large size of coded block and iteration. Therefore, we presented three kinds of low computational algorithm for LDPC codes. First, sequential decoding with partial group is proposed. It has same H/W complexity, and fewer number of iteration's are required at same performance in comparison with conventional decoder algorithm. Secondly, we have apply early stop algorithm. This method is reduced number of unnecessary iteration. Third, early detection method for reducing the computational complexity is proposed. Using a confidence criterion, some bit nodes and check node edges are detected early on during decoding. Through the simulation, we knew that the iteration number are reduced by half using subset algorithm and early stop algorithm is reduced more than one iteration and computational complexity of early detected method is about 30% offs in case of check node update, 94% offs in case of check node update compared to conventional scheme.