• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1984

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the mixing ratio of soyprotein and casein, and the level of pectin combined with the mixture on lipid metabolism in rats. Forty-eight male weanling rats of Wistar strain weighing 58.8\;{\pm}\;1.9g$ were divided into six groups by completely randomized block design and fed 10% protein diet for four weeks. Two types of protein mixtures (casein to soyprotein mixing ratio of 1 : 3 and 2: 1)combined with 0.5% , 3%, and 5% of pectin were employed for experimental diets. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows ; 1) Feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly different among six groups for the whole experimental period, but those for high casein-low pectin group were significantly higher than the ones for high soy-high pectin group at 4th week of the experimental period. 2) Gross fecal dried weight and fecal lipid excretion were higher in high pectin groups of both protein combinations. Therefore, the apparent fat digestibility and absorption appeared to be significantly low in high pectin groups. 3) Pectin was effective in lowering serum lipid and cholesterol levels in high casein groups, but no effect of pectin was noted in high soyprotein groups. 4) Lipid and cholesterol contents of the liver were higher in high soy-low pectin group than the others. And no marked differences in lipid and cholesterol contents in the kidney and carcass were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1972

The following is the result of feeding ad libitum the Wistar strain rats (male) divided into 4 groups-(a) casein group, (b) rice diet group, (c) diet group with a mixture of 80% rice and 20% buckwheat and (d) diet group of equal nitrogen levels of rice and buckwheat. Compared with the control group, the diet group given a mixture of 80% rice and 20% buckwheat put on weight slower, but quiker than the rest two. Particulariy after 10 days it was found to gain greater weight. Therefore, the discovery is that as proved by theory such a mixed food with a proportion of 20% buckwheat and 80% rice can improve the protein score even in the experiment of feeding animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 1972

An analysis of the free amino acid contained in the plasma and erythrocytes of the six groups of Wistar Strain male adult rats(body weight 200-300g) having fasted for sixteen hours was made by means of the HITACHI Amino Acid Autoanalyzer and the result of which was corrected with RC-24 B TOMY Micro Hematocrit Centrifuge. There was a depression of the plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the noprotein diet with ad libitum feeding. But on the 20% casein diet there was an elevation in the levels of free amino acid and consequently alanine, glysine, lysine, serine and arginine level in the erythrocytes and threonine glutamic acid and taurine level in the plasma increased on the high protein diet. There was more plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the 5% casein-30% fat diet than on the 5% casein-no fat diet with pair-feeding. In comparison, on the low calorie diet more free amino acids were found in plasma than in erythrocytes, but on the higher calorie diet more free amino acids were found in the erythrocytes than in the plasma. On the 20% casein-30% fat diet with pair-feeding the erythrocytes free amino acids level increased but in plasma free amino acids level decreased. Such as an opposite result was given in plasma and erythrocytes free amino acids level. In the pair-fed four groups, erythrocytes per plasma generally increased in the rate of less than 10.0 as the calorie increased. The essential amino acid per non essential amino acid generally increased in the ratio as protein level and calorie increased, and that ratio range was from 0.2 to 0.7. And essential amino acid per non essential amino acid of plasma was higher than that of erythrocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1973

Wistar strain male rats were divided into four different diet groups and the control group was fed on 7-percent casein diet (C), the second with a mixture of 80% of rice and 20% of buckwheat (RW), the third with rice only (R), and the fourth with a mixture of rice and buckwheat of equal nitrogen level (RWS). Each diet group consisted of 6 rats was fed for three weeks by the ad libitum feeding method. The results of the experiment, i.e., the growth gain and change in the level of free amino acids in the plasma and liver determined by the micro-bioassay method were as follows. 1. The group C showed the largest growth gain and the rest did in the order of RW group, R group. and RWS group. 2. Rats fed on diet of high protein score showed high level of free amino acids tryptophan, lysine, and threonine in the plasma and liver except for the case of lysine in the liver. 3. Protein score would be estimated by the level of free amino acids in the liver and plasma.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study was designed to observe the effects of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album L. var. coloratum Ohwi) hot-water extract administration on the improvement on the lipid components, apolipoprotein and blood pressure level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Wistar strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 33 days. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atheroscieotic index in serum were significantly lower in the Korean mistletoe extract administration group [group KM(Korean mistletoe 10.0 g% hot-water extract)] than those in the control group. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration Korean mistletoe 10.0% hot-water extract administration group were higher percentage than in the control group. However, concentrations of total cholesterol and TG in liver and brain were significantly lower in the group KM than those in the control group. But the components of apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Apo A-II in serum were significantly higher in the KM group than in the control group. However, components of Apo C-II, Apo C-III, Apo E and ratio of Apo B to Apo A-I in serum were fairly reduced in the group KM than in the control group. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in KM cup than control group. From these results, Korean mistletoe hot-water extract administration were effective on the improvement of the lipid components, coronary heart disease and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. And particularly, Korean mistletoe extract administration were more effective as a therapeutic regimen for the control of blood pressure in hypertension.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2012

Impulsiveness is an important component of many psychiatric disorders including Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the neurobiological basis of ADHD is unresolved, behavioral tests in animal models have become indispensable tools for improving our understanding of this disorder. In the punishment/extinction paradigm, impulsivity is shown by subjects that persevere with responding despite punishment or unrewarded responses. Exploiting this principle, we developed a new behavioral test that would evaluate impulsivity in the most validated animal model of ADHD of the Spontaneously Hypertensive rat (SHR) as compared with the normotensive "control" strain, the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). In this paradigm we call the Electro-Foot Shock aversive water Drinking test (EFSDT), water-deprived rats should pass over an electrified quadrant of the EFSDT apparatus to drink water. We reasoned that impulsive animals show increased frequency to drink water even with the presentation of an aversive consequence (electro-shock). Through this assay, we showed that the SHR was more impulsive than the WKY as it demonstrated more "drinking attempts" and drinking frequency. Methylphenidate, the most widely used ADHD medication, significantly reduced drinking frequency of both SHR and WKY in the EFSDT. Thus, the present assay may be considered as another behavioral tool to measure impulsivity in animal disease models, especially in the context of ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.824-827
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• 1990

Phenolic acids are widely distributed in all plant meterial. Most of these acids were combined with plant or grain cell wall. On the other hand, it had been reported that p-coumaric acid exhibited hypocholesterolemic activity in rats. We have undertaken a study of these compounds with regard to their effect on the rat. In this study, the effects of phenolic acid on the serum cholesterol level in rats fed with cholesterol free and cholesterol enriched diets were examined. The commercially available phenolic acid were purchased in the experiment. These compounds were incoporated in the diet at a level of 0.2%. These diets were fed for 21 days to male wistar strain rats with a body weight of 80 to 90g. It was found no significant change in serum cholesterol level in the phenolic acid fed rats in both cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diet.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-84
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• 1971

An analysis of the free amino acid contained in the plasma and erythrocytes of the six groups of Wistar Strain male adult rats (body weight 200-300g) having fasted for sixteen hours was made by means of the HITACHI Amino Acid Autoanalyzer and the result of which was corrected with RC-24B TOMY Micro Hematocrit Centrifuge. There was a depression of the plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the no-protein diet with ad libitum feeding. But on the 20% casein diet there was an elevation in the levels of free amino acid and consequently alanine, glysine, lysine, serine and arginine level in the erythrocytes and threonine, glutamic acid and taurine level in the plasma increased on the high protein diet. There was more plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the 5% casein- 30% fat diet than on the 5% casein-no fat diet with pair-feeding. In comparison, on the low calorie diet more free amino acids were found in plasma than in erythrocytes, but on the higher calorie diet more free amino acids were found in the erythrocytes than in the plasma. On the 20% casein-30% fat diet with pair-feeding the erythrocytes free amino acids level increased but in plasma free amino acids level decreased. Such as an opposite result was given in plasma and erythrocytes free amino acids level. In the pair-fed four groups, erythrocytes per plasma generally increased in the rate of less than 10.0 as the calorie increased. The essential amino acid per non essential amino acid generally increased in the ratio as protein level and calorie increased, and that ratio range was from 0.2 to 0.7. And essential amino acid per non essential amino acid of plasma was higher than that of erythrocytes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.712-720
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• 2023

Osteoporosis is a growing global health concern primarily associated with decreased estrogen in postmenopausal women. Recently, some strains of probiotics were examined for potential anti-osteoporotic effects. This study intended to evaluate the impacts of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MGE 3038 strain (MGE 3038) in ovariectomized rats. For this purpose, twelve weeks old female Wistar rats (n=21; 250-300 g) were divided into 3 groups; ovariectomy (OVX) group, OVX/MGE 3038 group and Sham group (control). In these groups; two went through respective OVX and one had daily MGE 3038 administration through oral gavage. Prior to 16 weeks after OVX, we collected blood samples and extracted the tibiae. We scanned the extracted tibiae by in-vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and evaluated pathology by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. The serum levels of C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin (OC), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were examined. The OVX/MGE 3038 group showed increases in bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and a decrease in trabecular spacing than the OVX group. However, OVX/MGE 3038 group and control group were measurably comparable in Tb.Th. Micro-CT, H&E, and Masson's trichrome findings exhibited increased preservation and maintenance of trabecular bone structure in the OVX/MGE 3038 group in comparison to the OVX group. In serum, the levels of CTX, OC and RANKL were significantly different between the OVX and OVX/MGE 3038 groups. Taken together, L. plantarum MGE 3038 could be helpful for the treatment of osteoporosis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1014-1032
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• 2020

This work aimed to investigate the psychobiotic effects of six bacterial strains on the mind and behavior of male Wistar rats. The probiotic (PRO) group (n=7) were rats pre-treated with antibiotics for 7 days followed by 14-day probiotic administration, antibiotics (ANT) group (n=7) were rats treated with antibiotics for 21 days without probiotics. The control (CON) group (n=7) were rats that received sham treatment for 21 days. The six bacterial strains with probiotic properties were mostly isolated from Thai fermented foods; Pedicoccus pentosaceus WS11, Lactobacillus plantarum SK321, L. fermentum SK324, L. brevis TRBC 3003, Bifidobacterium adolescentis TBRC 7154 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis TBRC 375. The probiotics were freeze-dried into powder (6×10⁹ CFU/5 g) and administered to the PRO group via oral gavage. Behavioral tests were performed. The PRO group displayed significantly reduced anxiety level and increased locomotor function using a marble burying test and open field test, respectively and significantly improved short-term memory performance using a novel object recognition test. Antibiotics significantly reduced microbial counts in rat feces in the ANT group by 100 fold compared to the PRO group. Probiotics significantly enhanced antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in rat brains as assessed using catalase activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, respectively. Probiotics also showed neuroprotective effects with less pyknotic cells and lower frequency of vacuolization in cerebral cortex. This multi-strain probiotic formulation from Thai fermented foods may offer a potential to develop psychobiotic-rich functional foods to modulate human mind and behaviors.