• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1987

These experiments were conducted at the upland of Livestock Farm, Seoul National University, Suweon to determine the growth characteristics, winter-hardiness and forage yield of selected southern and northern-types of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) in comparison with the Korean native rye over two seasons, 1977-78 and 1980-8 1. During the 1977-78 season, most southern-type rye varieties except Explorer and Abruzzi headed 2 to 6 days earlier than the Korean native rye and 6 to 10 days earlier than northerntype rye varieties Rymin and Puma, while in 1980-81 southern-type rye varieties headed 5 to 7 days earlier than the Korean native rye, therefore, the Korean native rye seemed to be medium in maturity. There were no significant differences in winter-hardiness among different rye varieties with the exception of the lowest winter survivals of Wintergrazer 70, Explorer and triticale, and Gator, Explorer and Florida Black during the 1977-78 and 1980-8 1 seasons, respectively. Southern-type rye varieties tended to yield more forage than northern-type and the Korean native rye varieties when harvest was made in the later part of April. During 1977-78 season, Vita-Graze, Elbon and Athens Abruzzi rye varieties produced significantly more forage than the Korean native rye, but in 1980-81 Wrens Abruzzi rye produced significantly more forage than the Korean native rye. Based on the results of the two seasons, southern-type rye varieties,Vita-Graze, Athens Abruzzi, Elbon and Wrens Abruzzi could be recommended as a source of green forage for livestock in April in middle-northern parts of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1999

Shoot morphological characteristics were affected by plant population densities in alfalfa. Shoots per plant, yield per shoot, yield per plant, and stem diameter increased with decreasing alfalfa population density. Winter survival was maximized at a plant population of $45plants\;m^{-2}$ or less. The grams of TNC per root increased as the stand density decreased. The lowest LT 50 occurred at the lowest stand density ($16plants\;m^{-2}$ having 25 cm plant spacing) and the highest LT 50 was attained at the highest stand density($494plants\;m^{-2}$ having 4.5 cm plant spacing). There were no differences in shoot morphology, winter survival, and cold hardiness in between 'Algonquin'and 'Vernal'. From this study, high stand density of alfalfa ($278plants\;m^{-2}$ or more) appears to be of little advantage compared to low stand density in terms of winter survival and cold hardiness.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-97
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• 1971

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of maleic hydrazide upon the winter hardness on leaves spraying after harvesting of autumn rearing season. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Spraying over 0.25% increased starch in all tissues of the twig than that in the not-sprdyed control twig. 2. Spraying time of central district was the middle ten days of september. 3. There were effect on spraying of all the treatment variety Suwon No. 4. 4. Winter hardiness by variety was strong in the order of Suwon No. 4, Gae Ryang Su ban, Il Jire, Rosang.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to examine the winter hardiness, heading date, quality, and yields of Festulolium hybrids, Festuca pratensis and Lolium multiflorum, which were cultivated during September 2005 to July 2006 at Suwon and Namwon. The results are as follows; Perun, Boxer, and Fleurial showed stronger or same level of hardiness than Hwasan 101, which is one of the strongest hybrids in winter hardiness. Therefore, we did not detect any problem in winter hardiness when these hybrids were cultivated in Korea. These are turned out to be mid and late maturing hybrids. The average heading date of three hybrids were 24 to 27 May in Suwon and Namwon. These date are same or 3 days later than Hwasan 101. The average fresh yields of 3 hybrids were increased by $17{\sim}29%$ than that of Hwasan 101. And the dry matter yields of Perun, Boxer, and Fleurial were increased by 39%, 26%, and 29%, respectively, than that of Hwasan 101. We could not detect any difference in the average fresh and dry matter yields between region, however there were significant differences in hybrids(p<0.05). Crude protein contents of 3 hybrids were higher to $14.3{\sim}16.6%$ than that of Hwasan 101. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were decreased by 3.9 and 7.0%, respectively, comparing to Hwasan 101. Therefore these hybrids have turned out to be excellent feed quality hybrids.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.349-353
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• 2009

We developed a new barley cultivar "Dami" (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the auricleless gene lig (al, li, aur-a). The characteristic of auricleless is a spontaneous mutant type which has known as a monogenic recessive gene. The plant with the gene has erect leaf blades because of no auricle. The cultivar was derived from a cross between 'BGS60' and 'Kangbori'. 'BGS60' has the auricleless gene (li), while 'Kangbori' showed a high biomass with winter hardiness and resistance to BaYMV (Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus). Subsequent generations were handled by the bulk method in a pedigree selection program. A promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance in the yield trials at Iksan in 2003 to 2004, and designated as Iksan414. The line was subsequently evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and yield in the seven locations around Korea for three years from 2005 to 2007 and was designated as "Dami" and released. It has the growth habit of III, erect plant type, green leaf and stem similar to the check cultivar 'Sunwoo' Its heading date was April 30, and maturing date May 31 in paddy field conditions, which were similar to those of 'Sunwoo' respectively. The cultivar Dami was 97 cm in culm length, had 643 spikes per $m^2$ and higher leaf dry weight, and better adaptability to dense planting, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than the check cultivar did. The average forage yield of "Dami" was about 12 ton $ha^{-1}$ in dry matter (33 ton $ha^{-1}$ in fresh matter) in paddy field. "Dami" also showed 7.5% of crude protein content, 28.5% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 50.1% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 66.4% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley. This cultivar would be suitable for the area where the daily minimum temperature of January is above $-8^{\circ}C$ in Korean peninsula.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 1995

Planting date is the most important factor in determining winter survival of Crop plants. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of planting date on the development of freezing tolerance and winter survival of canola. Six winter cultivars were planted at three different dates during the fall on the Michigan State University Research Farm at East Lansing, MI. Freezing tolerance was determined by ion leakage tests every 15 days after planting until middle of November. Winter survival was evaluated by counting the live plants in the fall and next spring. Planting date as well as cultivar treatment had a significant effect on freezing tolerance and winter survival A different pattern in development of freezing tolerance was observed for different planting dates. There was a high correlation between freezing tolerance and winter survival suggesting that freezing tolerance could be a useful predictor for winter survival.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.75 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1986

One-year-old seedlings of open-pollinated progenies of pitch-loblolly hybrid pine plus trees were selected for cold-hardiness during cold winter of 1983-1984. Survived trees were planted in three locations. Two years later, the ratio of cold-damaged trees and 3rd year heights were recorded. The ratio of the, cold-damage trees among screened progenies were 5.6% in Kyunggi and 22.6% in Chungnam, while 9.3% and 43.3%, respectively, in unscreened control plot. Severely damaged families at one-year-old seedling stage also suffered heavy cold damage after two years. Not much differences were observed between families in 3rd year height.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 1975

Freezing resistance of ten cultivars of Chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z.) collected from four different sites of Kyunggi Province, Korea on March 2, 1975, was measured to find out the differences among tissue parts, and those among cultivars. The freezing and thawing rates were controlled lower than $6^{\circ}C/hr$. which occurs in nature. The resistance to low temperature was in order from lowest to highest; winter bud, cambium, xylum ray parenchyma and bark cortex. The difference in cold hardiness among cultivars was not consistent among tissue parts of twig stem except in cultivar Dan-Taeck of which all tissue parts showed highest cold-hardiness. The importance of the study on the seasonal variation in cold hardiness of different tissue parts was discussed in terms of choosing the most cold resistant Chestnut culitivar in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.s02
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• pp.96-114
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• 1989

There are several meterorolgical stresses in the winter cereal crops. Among these stresses, cold injury is one of the most important stresses for wheat and barley production in Korea. The reduction in grain yield of the wheat and barley due to cold injury has occurred almost every year in Korea. The objective of the study was to get the basic information in relation to the cold injury and to detect the method minimizing the damage of cold injury. When the air temperature was the ranges of -13$^{\circ}C$ to -15$^{\circ}C$, the soil temperature at the crown part of the plant was very stable, whereas in the ranges of -2$^{\circ}C$ to -3$^{\circ}C$ the soil surface temperature was more unstable and cold than air and subterranean temperatures. The different parts of the plant in wheat and barley possess the different levels of cold hardiness. In comparison to the cold hardiness of plant parts, the leaf and crown are the less sensitive to cold injury than root and vascular transitional zone. The type and extent of stress is determined by the redistribution pattern of water during freezing. These types from freezing processes were three types: a) Equilibrium freezing pattern b) Non -equilibrium freezing pattern, c) Non-equilibrium freezing pattern typical of tender tissues. Cold hardiness in wheat plants were more harder than barley plants at vegitative stage, but inverted at the reproductive stage. Injuries by low temperature during the seasons of barley cultivation in Korea were occured mainly in four stage; in the first and third stage, frost injury occurs, the second stage, freezing injury, and the fourth stage, chilling injury.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1975

Freezing resistance of apple (Malus pumila) cultivars was measured to find out the most cold hardy apple variety among the five cultivars which are promissing in Korea. The measurement of freezing resistance for two varieties of dwarf interstock, was also included to compare the cold hardiness among scions and interstocks. The freezing resistance was in order from lowest to highest; winter bud, cambium, xylem ray parenchyma and bark cortex in all cultivars except EM26. The difference in cold hardiness among cultivars and interstocks was not consistent among tissue parts of twig except in cultivar Nugget-spur of which all tissue parts showed least cold hardiness. The difference among tissue parts with in a cultivar was discussed in terms of choosing the most cold hardy, and the most resistant cultivars to late frost damage.