• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.198-202
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• 1984

This experiment was conducted to investigate the oil content, change of fatty acid composition affected by ferlilizer levels in upland and paddy field cultivation of rapeseed, The oil content with the fatty acid such as palmitic, linoleic and linolenic was increased in the winter crop on drained paddy field compared with those of upland field in which oleic and stearic fatty acid was increased. Unsaturated, good quality fatty acid content such as oleic and linoleic acid in the cultivation of upland field was higher by 2-5% than those of paddy field. Oleic and linoleic fatty acid contents showed increased with increment of nitrogen fertilizer up to 15kg/10a, and showed same trend until 80kg/ha fertilization level of phosphate and potassium in upland field but there was no effect in paddy field cultivation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 2010

To elucidate the effect of humidity to the characteristics related to mushroom cultivation, five white strains and four brown strains of Flammulina velutipes were cultivated and investigated on their characters. The periods for fruiting initiation, growth and harvest were a little decreased when humidity increased after peak at 75%. Brown strains showed fast fruiting than white ones. ASI 4103 was the fastest and ASI 4166 and ASI 4153 were the latest. The productivity of ASI 4166 and ASI 4149 were the best in all conditions. In general, white strains showed high yields at 75% and brown ones did at 95%. Individual mushroom weight decreased and water content of mushroom increased in most strains when humidity increased.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Mushroom cultivation in Korea was launched in the early 1960's. At that time Korean government started a program for increasing cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) to export agricultural products and to increase farm income. National research institutes under Rural Development Administration, Korea Forest Service, etc. play a leading role in mushroom industry as follows : Development and spread of genetically superior commercial strains, good spawns, and cultivation techniques. Training and field advice to lead farmers for mass production of high quality mushrooms. Political support of facilities and establishments for mushroom cultivation. Several mushrooms including oak mushroom, button mushroom, oyster mushroom, winter mushroom, Ganoderma, P. eryngii, etc. have been popularized for their cultivation techniques and produced in large quantities in the farm. According to a recent statistics, mushrooms have been grown by about 20,000 farm households, in Korea and the gross production of fresh mushrooms is estimated about 170,000 M/T. The gross production of oyster mushroom is the highest followed by winter mushroom, oak mushroom and button mushroom. The gross amount of mushroom production stands over 700 billion won. Thus, mushroom industry goes to the most important cash crop to be produced yearly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate the selection of regional double cropping system for production of organic forage in southern region of Korea. The species of forage crop used in this experiment were com, sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid and japanese millet for summer crops and rye and Italian. ryegrass for winter crops. In organic cultivation condition, sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid showed higher DM (dry matter) and TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield than that of com. Dry matter yield of com which cultivated in organic condition decreased to about 35% that of control because of weed. In winter crops, DM and TDN yield of rye is similar to that of Italian ryegrass. We could not find out the difference of nutrient value between each treatments. It means that the amount of nutrient is affected by DM productivity of each crop. The result of this study indicated that sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid (summer crop) and rye (winter crop), sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid (summer crop) and Italian ryegrass (winter crop) cropping system could be recommended as producing high yield of organic forage in southern region of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 2016

The application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to assess the environmental impact of rapeseed cultivation in winter fallow after harvesting rice was investigated and compared with barley cultivation in crop rotation system. Data for input materials were collected and analyzed by 1 ton rapeseed and barley as functional unit. For the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) the Eco-indicator 95 method has been chosen because this is well documented and regularly applied impact method. From the comparison of impact categories such as greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acidification, heavy metals, carcinogens, summer smog, and energy resources for 1 ton of final product, emission potential from rapeseed was higher than that from barley. The range from 65 to 96% of these potential came from chemical fertilizer. On the other hand, eutrophication potential from barley was higher than that from rapeseed, mainly came from utilizing the chemical fertilizer. During the cultivation of barley and rape, environmental burden by heavy metals was evaluated by 0.5 Pt, larger than points from other impact categories. The sum of points from all impact categories in barley and rapeseed was calculated to be 0.78 Pt and 0.82 Pt, respectively. From the sensitivity analysis for barley and rapeseed, scenario 1 (crop responses to fertilization level) showed the environmental burden was continuously increased with the amount of fertilization in barley cultivation, while it was not increased only at the optimum crop responses to fertilization in rapeseed (R3). With these results, rapeseed cultivation in winter fallow paddy contributed to the amounts of environmental burden much more than barley cultivation. It is, however, highly determined that environmental weighted point resulted from evaluating both cultivation was not significantly different.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2013

We examined the use of basic forage data and indicators of forage productivity in different regions of Korea. The productivity of winter forage crops was evaluated from mid to late May 2012 by directly collecting information from farmhouses. A survey of winter forage crop productivity was conducted with 66 farmers in 16 regions; including, Italian ryegrass (IRG) from 22 farmers in 11 regions, whole crop barley from 21 farmers in eight regions, rye from 11 farmers in five regions, and IRG mixed with whole crop barley from 12 farmers in six regions. The results indicated that the Konju region exhibited higher yields of dry matter (DM) forage (15,128 kg/ha) and that the Dangjin region (reclaimed land) showed the lowest (3,885 kg/ha). The average yield of DM forage was 9,418 kg/ha. Yields of whole crop barley and IRG mixed with whole crop barley were comparatively higher than those of rye and IRG. We conclude that overall forage productivity was influenced by farmer's cultivation ability rather than the forage cultivation environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Along with the surplus rice production, introduction of upland crop cultivations into newly reclaimed tidal areas has gained public attentions in terms of farming diversification and farmers income increase. However, its impacts on the surroundings have not been well studied yet, especially associated with nutrient balance from reclaimed upland cultivation. The objective of this study was to investigate water and nutrient balance during winter barley cultivation as affected different fertilization methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: TN and TP balance for three different plots treated by livestock compost, chemical fertilizer, and no application were monitored during winter green barley cultivation (2010-2011) at the NICS Kyehwa experimental field in Jeonbuk, Korea. Nutrient content in soil and pore water near soil surface appeared to increase, while sub-soil layer remained similar with no fertilization plot. Livestock compost application appeared to increase organic matter content in surface soil compared to chemical fertilization. Crop yield was the greatest with livestock compost application (10.6 t/ha) followed by chemical fertilization (6.9 t/ha) and no application (1.8 t/ha). The nitrogen uptake rate was also greater with livestock compost (52.4%) than chemical fertilizer (48.1%). Phosphorus uptake rate was much smaller (about 7.0%) compared to nitrogen. Nutrient loss by surface and subsurface runoff seemed to be minimal primarily due to small rainfall amount during the winter season. Most of the remaining nutrients, particularly phosphate seemed to be stored in soil layer. Phosphate accumulation appeared to be more phenomenal in the plot applied by livestock compost with higher phosphorus content. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that livestock compost application to tidal upland may increase barley crop production and also improve soil fertility by supplying organic content. However, excessive phosphorus supply with livestock compost seems likely to cause a phosphate accumulation problem, unless the nitrogen-based fertilization practice is adjusted.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Supervised residue trials were conducted to establish pre-harvest residue limit(PHRL), a criterion to ensure the safety of the pesticide residue in the crop harvest, of amisulbrom for winter-grown cabbage in two fields. Following to application of amisulbrom on the crop, time-course study was carried out to obtain the amisulbrom dissipation of statistical significance which enabled to calculate the predicted values of PHRL. METHOD AND RESULTS: During cultivation under greenhouse condition, samples of winter-grown cabbage were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after amisulbrom application, and subjected to residue analysis. Analytical method was validated by recoveries ranging 93.7~100.0% as well as limit of quantitation(LOQ) of 0.04 mg/kg. Amisulbrom residues in winter-grown cabbage gradually decreased as time elapsed. The dissipation rate of the residue would be affected by intrinsic degradation along with dilution by the cabbage growth. The decay pattern was well fitted by the simple first-order kinetics. CONCLUSION: Biological half-lives of amisulbrom in winter-grown cabbage ranged 3.7~4.1 days in two field conditions. Based on the regression of amisulbrom dissipation, PHRLs of amisulbrom in winter-grown cabbage were recommended as 8.86~9.47 and 4.21~4.35 mg/kg for 10 and 5 days before harvest, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 2003

To establish the dual-purpose barley cultivation for forage by clipping before overwintering and grain next year, an experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of clipping times and cultivars haying different winter habits in rice-barley cropping system at paddy field in southern Korea. Barley showed more forage yield by clipping once only on December 10 than that of twice-clipping on November 10 and December 10. Among experimented cultivars, Saegangbori (winter habit II) and Keunalbori (winter habit IV) produced higher forage yield in one time clipping than the others. On the contrary, higher total digestive nutrients(TDN) was gained from twice-cut plants. Barley clipped once or twice headed and matured without serious delay as compared to the conventionally sown barley. In spite of clipping in November and/or December, barley produced grain yield similar to that of the conventional. Conclusively, it was regarded that cultivars having II-III winter habit were suitable for dual-purpose barley cultivation for forage in winter season and grain harvest next year.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2017

Rye is cultivated on about 30,000ha domestically for forage and green-manure production in Korea. 'Daegokgreen' has been developed as a good quality rye cultivar for forage and green-manure, which was doubled-chromosome by colchicine treatment of diploid rye cultivar 'Gogu' in 2010. By the colchicine treatment with 0.05% for 12 hours at $2^{nd}$ leaf stage of 'Gogu', 31 tetraploid plants were obtained and they produced 2,470 seeds with 135 spikes. There was 4.4 in the number of spikes per plant, 18.3 in grain number per spike, and 37.6 g in the1,000-grain weight. The heading date of 'Daegokgreen' was April 11, which was two days later on average compared with 'Gogu'. The biomass (fresh weight) of 'Daegokgreen' was 3,701kg, which was similar to 'Gogu'. The average crude protein content of 'Daegokgreen' was 8.9%, which was 1.0% point higher than 'Gogu'. 'Daegokgreen' was found to be strong resistant to winter-kill and can be adapted to before maize cultivation.