• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter yields and fled values of winter forage crops using too cultivars of Barley, Rye md Italia ryegrass at the Dae-Ho reclaimed tideland, Korea from 2002 to 2004 2rowing season. Soil salt contents of three forage crops showed highest at sowing time, respectively and after wintering continuously lowed till harvest time. The dry matter yield was 6,668.8, 4,455.6 md 2,591.2 kg / ha, respectively, for Italian ryegrass, Barley and Rye. The highest Crude protein(CP) content was recorded in Italian ryegrass. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents were lowed in row with Barley, Italian ryegrass and Rye. Sodium contents in plant tissue were recorded high in line with Barley, Italian ryegrass and Rye. results mentions above suggest Italian ryegrass is suitable winter forage crops for cultivation on reclaimed tideland in view of the good emergence, forage production and its feed value.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

This study was conducted from October 2014 to May 2015 to explore forage production and feed values of Italian ryegrass, Rye and whole crop barley as winter forage crops in the Southern region of Korea. The experimental location was over 10 points for each species and each sampling point area was $1m^2$ (Width: 1 m ${\times}$ Length: 1 m). Air mean temperature and rainfall in the Southern region of Korea during the experimental period was $6.95{\pm}5.75^{\circ}C$ and $70.45{\pm}54.68mm$, respectively. Fresh forage yield of Italian ryegrass, the most cultivated forage in the Southern region of Korea, was $44.4{\pm}7.0ton/ha$. The percentage of dry matter for whole crop barley was $28.9{\pm}7.0%$. Crude protein (CP) was higher in Italian ryegrass ($10.7{\pm}5.3%$) while total digestible nutrient (TDN) had the highest value in whole crop barley. Crude protein was not significantly different by location. However, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrient value of forage from Jeonbuk province were higher than in forage from Gyeongnam province.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 2003

To establish the dual-purpose barley cultivation for forage by clipping before overwintering and grain next year, an experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of clipping times and cultivars haying different winter habits in rice-barley cropping system at paddy field in southern Korea. Barley showed more forage yield by clipping once only on December 10 than that of twice-clipping on November 10 and December 10. Among experimented cultivars, Saegangbori (winter habit II) and Keunalbori (winter habit IV) produced higher forage yield in one time clipping than the others. On the contrary, higher total digestive nutrients(TDN) was gained from twice-cut plants. Barley clipped once or twice headed and matured without serious delay as compared to the conventionally sown barley. In spite of clipping in November and/or December, barley produced grain yield similar to that of the conventional. Conclusively, it was regarded that cultivars having II-III winter habit were suitable for dual-purpose barley cultivation for forage in winter season and grain harvest next year.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the grazing performance of dairy cattle for winter rye, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and oat including of rape in Hwa seong-gun, Kyeonggido, from 1993 to 1994. Each crops were utilized from the stage of 8-leaves to late blooming for sorghum-sudangrass, and from final leaves to soft dough for winter rye and oat plant. Under three different cropping system of winter rye-sorghum x sudangrass, spring oat-sorghum X sudangrass-autumn oat, and silage corn-autumn oat, a succeshl hehage production was available for grazing performance from April 26 to December 15, continuously. Annual dry matter yields for grazing allowance were 26.1 tontha in average of all cropping system. Autumn oat rnixtured with rape showed the highest herbage utilization with 91.6% grazing intensity and the lowest in sorghum-sudangrass with a value of 60.6- 69.1 %. Labor investment for herbage production were 805 hour in the cutting management and 339 hour per hectar in the grazing utilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2013

We examined the use of basic forage data and indicators of forage productivity in different regions of Korea. The productivity of winter forage crops was evaluated from mid to late May 2012 by directly collecting information from farmhouses. A survey of winter forage crop productivity was conducted with 66 farmers in 16 regions; including, Italian ryegrass (IRG) from 22 farmers in 11 regions, whole crop barley from 21 farmers in eight regions, rye from 11 farmers in five regions, and IRG mixed with whole crop barley from 12 farmers in six regions. The results indicated that the Konju region exhibited higher yields of dry matter (DM) forage (15,128 kg/ha) and that the Dangjin region (reclaimed land) showed the lowest (3,885 kg/ha). The average yield of DM forage was 9,418 kg/ha. Yields of whole crop barley and IRG mixed with whole crop barley were comparatively higher than those of rye and IRG. We conclude that overall forage productivity was influenced by farmer's cultivation ability rather than the forage cultivation environment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2009

Present experiment was conducted at the field of Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Jinju city for two continuous cropping seasons to develop several adaptable and valuable year-round forage-producing system for elevating self-sufficiency and dollar-saving by reduced importing of crude forage. Twenty cropping systems were tested in experiment using whole crop barley (WCB), oat, rye, Italian ryegrass (IRG), and triticale in winter season and com, sorghum, sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid, and oat in summer time. Sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid showed highest fresh forage yield among experimented summer season crops, and followed com. Com produced the most dry matter yield, and followed sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid, sorghum and oat in order. There was no significant effect of former winter crops on fresh and dry matter production succeeding summer time crops. Among winter season forage crops tested, oat showed the highest fresh and dry matter when clipped on mid-May, and followed triticale, IRG, rye and WCB. Winter-time cultivated crops showed no clear effect on the growth and forage (fresh and dry matter) producing ability of following summer crops. There was the most protein content in oat plant among summer season planted crops, and in sorghum for acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. While, com showed highest value of relative feed value (RFV) and total digestive nutrients (TDN) among those crops. Among winter crops, the highest crude protein was in oat plant showing no significant differences of ADF and NDF, while, relatively higher value of RFV was recognized with rye and triticale. Also, triticale contained more TDN as compare to other forage crops. The cropping combinations such as com followed by (fb) rye and maize fb triticale were regarded as promising systems having higher dry matter producing ability among tested combinations. Considering TDN producing potential, the combinations with sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid fb triticale andlor rye were would be suitable ones, coincidently. There was a tendency which elevating pH, electric conductivity (EC) and organic matter (OM) contents in soil after experiment comparing to before planting. More crude protein content in plant was shown at mid-May clipping as compared to the forage at April cut in all winter season grown crops. ADF and NDF contents were increased by delayed clipping showing decreased tendency of RFV and TDN in plant. In conclusion, many cropping systems would be available using above mentioned forage crops according to farmer's conditions and scale, etc.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the selection of regional double cropping system for production of organic forage in middle part of Korea. The species of forage crop used in this experiment were corn, $sorghum\;{\times}\;sudangrass$ hybrid and japanese millet for summer crops and rye and Italian ryegrass for winter crops. $Sorghum\;{\times}\;sudangrass$ hybrid showed higher DM (dry matter) and TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield than that of corn. Dry matter yield of corn decreased to 56% that of control because of weed. In winter crops, DM and TDN yield of rye is higher than that of Italian ryegrass. Rye was more adequate to produce organic forage in middle part of Korea. We could not find out the difference of nutrient value between each treatments. It means that the amount of nutrient is affected by DM productivity of each crop. The result of this study indicated that $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrid (summer crop) and rye (winter crop) cropping system could be recommended as producing high yield of organic forage in middle part of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 1986

This study was conducted at the forage experiment field of SNU, Snweon to investigate effects of sowing time and seeding rate on growth characteristics, winter survival and dry matter yield of forage rye (Secale cereale L.) as fresh-cut forage. Treatments involved 9 combinations of sowing times (September 8, 28 and October 18) and seeding rates(80, 130 and 180kg $ha^{-1}$). Plant height was not influenced by the time of sowing, but forage rye had a tendency to be taller as increasing seeding rate when sown on September 8 and October 28 and harvested in fall and spring, respectively, Winter survival was reduced by fall harvesting in the plot sown on September 8, however, total dry matter yield was increased by the fall harvesting. Average dry matter yields of 5884, 4993 and 3525kg $ha^{-1}$ were obtained when forage rye was sown on September 8, 28 and October 18, respectively. Dry matter yield was decreased as delaying the time of sowing, but a tendency toward higher yield of forage rye by increasing seeding rate was observed. Yield difference by seeding rates was markedly larger when forage rye was sown on October 18 than September 8 and 28. Based on the results of this study, it appears that the dry matter yield of forage rye could be enhanced by sowing early to late September under upland condition in the middle plain are of Korea. The seeding rates of 80 to 130 kg $ha^{-1}$ and 180kg $ha^{-1}$ would be suitable for early to mid fall and late fall sowings, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2003

In order to solve the shortage of roughage supply for dairy farm in Korea, winter cereal forage production after harvesting of rice in the fallow paddy field is studied. This study consist of two parts. One is the model development of the mechanized production which was already reported at the preview paper. This is the 2nd parts of the study. Also, the mechanized production model for cereal forage production in winter was reported in the previous study. In this paper, coverage area and mechanized wrap silge production cost are analyzed and compared to the other available feeds in Korea. Results of the research are summarized as follows; The coverage area for the winter cereal wrap silage production system in Korea is estimated to be 33.7 ha in case of working with a tractor and a set of implements. If two or three tractors are available, the coverage area is estimated to be 68.0 and 101.3 ha, respectively. The break even point (BEP) of the farming size is analyzed as 10 ha and its production(operating) cost is estimated to be 317 to 443 won/TDN-kg at the BEP point. The cost is lowered to 182 won/TDN-kg at 100ha-working, and is much lower compared with prices of imported feeds of 360∼600 won/TDN-kg. Therefore, winter cereal wrap silage model is judged to be feasible and desirable for a large scale production of forage in winter fallow paddy field.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1999

With ${15}^N$ labeling under split roots system of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and forage rape (Brassica napus L.) grown at $5^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, the N flows were respectively quantified to investigate the transport of newly absorbed nitrate-N in whole plant level at low temperature. Comparing with $25^{\circ}C$ culture condition, the total absorbed nitrate-N content at $5^{\circ}C$ decreased to 59.3% and 27.1% in winter rye and forage rape during 9 days. About 2.5% and 7.6 % of nitrate-N were transported into roots, respectively, in winter rye and in forage rape at $25^{\circ}C$. These proportions increased at $5^{\circ}C$ to 3.8% and 10.9%, respectively. Total N contents transferred by xylem in winter rye grown and forage rape grown at $25^{\circ}C$ during were 55.9 and 54.4 mg N/plant, respectively. xylem flows at $5^{\circ}C$ were 60.4% and 28.8% lower than at $25^{\circ}C$ for winter rye and forage rape. These valves represented that averagely 96.8 % and 90.8% of total absorbed nitrate-N were transferred to leaves in winter rye and forage rape during 9 days. Phloem flows were the smallest among other N flows and were much less influenced by temperature treatment for two species examined. About 2.5% and 0.5% of absorbed N were recycled into roots by phloem transport at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively, for winter rye and forage rape. These proportions increased to 5.2% and 0.9% at $5^{\circ}C$.