• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3361-3369
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to improve the quality of black raspberry wine added with wild grape, based on selection of yeast strains and fermentation conditions. The Y1 yeast(Lalvin 71B) indicated significantly higher lactic acid, ester, fusel oil content after fermented mashing than other samples tested and had an effect on the reduction of acidity and enhanced aroma of black raspberry wine. In addition, the high fermentation temperature($25^{\circ}C$) using Y1 yeast showed much higher tendency to retain components of aroma (ethyl acetate, higher alcohols) and the highest overall preference including sensory evaluation than that of low fermentation temperture($15^{\circ}C$). Thus, the fermentation using Y1 yeast at $25^{\circ}C$ can be applied to positively improve the taste and flavor of production of black raspberry wine added wild grape.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.977-984
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• 2009

Campbell Early grapes, the major grape variety in Korea, contain 13 - 15% (w/v) sugar, which is lower than that appropriate for fermentation of red wine. Therefore, chaptalization with sucrose is usually used to increase the sugar level to an extent adequate to produce a wine containing about 12% (v/v) alcohol. In the present study, fermentation of freeze-concentrated Campbell Early grape juice at $25^{\circ}Brix$ was investigated using several industrial wine yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae OC2, S. cerevisiae Fermivin, and S. cerevisiae W-3. During fermentation, changes in the levels of soluble solids, alcohol, total acid, and yeast viable counts were investigated. Alcohol content reached maximal levels after 9 days of fermentation, and was 12.6% (v/v) when the Fermivin strain was used and 13% (v/v) when each of the OC2 and W-3 strains was used. No significant between-strain difference was found, except for slightly slower alcohol production and sugar consumption, and a higher total acid content when strain OC2 was used. Changes in the yeast viable counts were similar during fermentation. The physicochemical characteristics of Campbell Early wine prepared using freeze-concentrated juice were investigated by measuring the levels of total phenolic compounds, organic acids, acetaldehyde, and minor alcohols and assessment of color values. Similar levels of soluble solids and total phenolic contents were observed in wines fermented by the three different strains, but a higher level of total acid was noted in OC2-fermented wine and a lower level of alcohol in Fermivin-fermented wine. The highest level of malic acid and the lowest level of lactic acid were detected in Fermivin-fermented wine. Although the wines showed variable levels of acetaldehyde and minor alcohols, the concentrations of these materials were much lower than those mandated by legal regulations promulgated by the Korean National Tax Service. Red and violet colors in OC2-fermented wine were darker than those of W-3-fermented wine. In sensory evaluation, W-3-fermented wine obtained the highest scores for color and flavor. However, the best taste score was reported for the OC2-fermented wine, whereas Fermivin-fermented wine was awarded the highest score in overall acceptance.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 2010

We sought to ferment wine from mulberry (Morus alba) juice. The soluble solid content was $9.5{\sim}14.5^{\circ}brix$ on day 6 of fermentation, and gradually fell later; sugar was not further consumed when $3^{\circ}brix$ was attained. Alcohol content rose dramatically on day 6 of fermentation, being 4.5% (v/v) at fermentation temperatures of 16C and 18C, 6.5% (v/v) at 20C, and 8.0% (v/v) at 25C, rising further to 10.5~11.5% (v/v) on day 48, at higher culture temperatures. Citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid were present in mulberries. The levels of both citric and oxalic acid fell after fermentation, whereas malic acid concentration increased. All of fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose were fermented. Electron-donating ability (EDA) was elevated to over 90% of the control value in mulberry juice diluted to 40% (v/v). SOD-like activities in juice and wine were 80.1% and 72.1% of the control value. Nitrite-scavenging abilities (NSAs) were 86.2% and 85.2% of control in undiluted juice and wine, respectively. Mulberry juice had an activation level higher than that of mulberry wine, but functionality neither rose nor fell after fermentation. Insensory evaluation, the overall wine score was better than average, at 5.00, demonstrating the commercial potential of mulberry wine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.574-578
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• 2005

Effects of different yeast strains on physicochemical characteristics of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miq.) fruits alcohol fermentation were investigated. Bokbusnja fruit must was inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12224 (Sc-24), wild-type Bokbunja yeast (Bok-3), Saccharomyces coreanus (Yak-7), and Sc-24+Yak-7. Ethanol contents of Sc-24, Bok-3, Yak-7, and Sc-24+Yak-7 were 11.08, 10.62, 10.18, and 10.26%, respectively after 10 days fermentation. Addition of pectinase (500 ppm) increased ethanol content by 0.1-1.5%. Organic acids of Bokbunja wine were citric, malic, shikimic, formic, and oxalic acids. Citric and malic acid contents remarkably decreased, whereas that of acid increased by fermentation. Total acidity of Bokbunja wine was dependent on citric acid content. Sc-24, Yak-7, and Bok-3+ pectinase were more efficient for improvement of wine-color, although color values of Bokbunja wine significantly decreased during early stage of fermentation. Sc-24 and Bok-3+500 ppm of pectinase, and 8-10 days of fermentation could enhance quality of Bokbunja wine.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.811-816
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• 2011

Cryoextraction (a freeze concentration using an instrument) can increase the sugar concentration in grape juice by reducing its water content, similar to the natural freezing of grapes for natural ice wine. In this study, fermentation of freeze-concentrated Campbell Early grape (Vitis labruscana) juice to 36 $^{\circ}Bx$ was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains D8 and S13 isolated from Korean grapes. During the fermentation, strains S13 and D8 showed rapid sugar reduction and alcohol production compared with S. cerevisiae Fermivin$^{(R)}$ used as a control. After nine-day fermentation, the residual sugar contents were lower in W13(9.77%) and D8 wine(9.07) than that in Fermivin$^{(R)}$ wine(14.0%). Total acid content was high in the D8>S13>Fermivin$^{(R)}$ wine, in that order. The acetaldehyde content was highest in the D8 wine and lowest in the Fermivin$^{(R)}$ wine, among the three. The methanol content was slightly higher in the S13 and D8 wines than in the Fermivin$^{(R)}$ wine. In the sensory evaluation, the S13 wine exhibited the highest score in flavor and taste among the three wines. Both the two S13 and D8 wines exhibited higher scores than Fermivin$^{(R)}$ wine in overall preference.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 1992

Sogokju, an old Korean rice wine, was brewed in laboratory scale in February, 1978, and the changes in chemical component and microorganisms in wine mash were investigated during brewing. In the course of first-mash brewing, lactic acid bacteria became the most predominant microflora in 3 days of fermentation lowering the pH of mash to 4.2. But at 7 days, the most predominant microorganism was changed from lactic acid bacteria to least, pH reached 3.6, and the saccharogenic activity of mash was reduced from initial 10 to 3.6. During second-mash brewing, remarkable changes did not occurred in pH and acidity, maintaining 3.5∼3.7 of pH and 8.0∼8.8 of acidity. Ethanol fermentation was proceeded vigorously until 20 days of fermentation, but it reached stationary state with 18.5% ethanol after 40 days, leaving reducing sugar unfermented in mash. Even if saccharogenic activity continued all during fermentation, it was thought to be too weak. The final product of Sogokju filterate, fermented for 60 day, contained 18.8% ethanol, 5.0% reducing sugar,0.4:1 total acid, 0.057% volatile acid, 0.206% amino acid and 7.3% extract. In sensory test, Sogokju scored good marks with similar level to commercial Bupju or Chungju. It had pale yellow color, gentle Nuluk-flavor and acid taste just a little strong.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 2005

To poodnce a value added of mulberry, this study was optimized the condition for manufacture of wine using mulberry. On fermentation of mulberry wine, the best yeasts were Saccharomyces cerevisiae JBS 30 and JBS 33, and optimum composition of medium was crushed mulberry juice of $50\%$, sugar of $24\;^{\circ}brix,\;Na_2S_2O_5\;of\;0.02\%$. The content of alcohol after fermentation of 10 days at $25^{\circ}C$ was $11.2\%$. Sensory evaluation showed that color, taste and odor of mulberry wine were acceptable, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae JBS 30 was not difference compared to JBS 33.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.531-535
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of different commercial yeast strains on the characteristics of peach wine. Peach fruit was inoculated with Fermivin, K1-V1116, EC-1118, D-47 and AR2. Peach wines fermented with the D-47, K1-V1116, and AR2 strains showed faster fermentation than wines fermented with the other strains. Wine fermented with EC-1118 had the lowest titratable acidity and highest pH. The ethanol content of wines fermented with different commercial yeast strains was in the range of 13~14%. In sensory evaluation, the wine made with EC-1118 showed the highest overall scores in color and acceptability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 1998

In order to investigate the possibility of using immobilizing yeast cells with the eliminating purpose of the ridding process in sparkling wine production by the traditional method, the changes in chemical components during and after bottle fermentation by immobilizing yeast cells with alginate were tested. The most volatile compounds, excepting some compounds, were not appreciable different in sparkling wines which obtained from various samples compared. After bottle fermentation, sparkling wine fermented with undergoing riddling process, and tested. The results showed that the taste and aroma of the sparkling wine produced with using immobilized cells were very similar to that produced with using free cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.443-448
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• 2010

This study investigated alcohol fermentation conditions for preparation of tomato wine. The alcohol contents of tomato wines prepared from semi-mature and full-mature tomato were about 11% whereas that of immature tomato was slightly lower (10.6%). When characteristics of tomato alcohol fermentation were examined on pre-treatment conditions, the wine from full mature-crushed whole tomato contained lower alcohol at 10.6% than those of full mature-crushed tomato removed stem and full mature-tomato juice removed stem (about 11%). For the effect of initial sugar, the alcohol content and sugar content of tomato wine increased in proportion to the concentration of initial sugar (8.8~14.4% and $5.5{\sim}9.2^{\circ}Brix$). However, initial titratable acidity and pH did not affect the alcohol contents during fermentation, and suggesting needed to be supplementation for sensory improvement of tomato wine. When the quality characteristics of tomato wine fermented under these optimal conditions were investigated, alcohol content, sugar content, titratable acidity and pH were found to be 11.1%, $6.1^{\circ}Brix$, 0.68% and 3.7, respectively. For alcohol components, the total amounts of methanol and fusel oil were 346 ppm and 313 ppm. In addition, maltose showed the highest level of 264.6 mg% in the free sugar analysis of tomato wine whereas sucrose contained 18.7 mg%.