Browse > Article

Characteristics of Red Wine Fermentation of Freeze-Concentrated Campbell Early Grape Juice using various Wine Yeasts  

Hwang, Sung-Woo (Department of Food Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University)
Park, Heui-Dong (Institute of Fermentation Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Food Science and Preservation / v.16, no.6, 2009 , pp. 977-984 More about this Journal
Abstract
Campbell Early grapes, the major grape variety in Korea, contain 13 - 15% (w/v) sugar, which is lower than that appropriate for fermentation of red wine. Therefore, chaptalization with sucrose is usually used to increase the sugar level to an extent adequate to produce a wine containing about 12% (v/v) alcohol. In the present study, fermentation of freeze-concentrated Campbell Early grape juice at $25^{\circ}Brix$ was investigated using several industrial wine yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae OC2, S. cerevisiae Fermivin, and S. cerevisiae W-3. During fermentation, changes in the levels of soluble solids, alcohol, total acid, and yeast viable counts were investigated. Alcohol content reached maximal levels after 9 days of fermentation, and was 12.6% (v/v) when the Fermivin strain was used and 13% (v/v) when each of the OC2 and W-3 strains was used. No significant between-strain difference was found, except for slightly slower alcohol production and sugar consumption, and a higher total acid content when strain OC2 was used. Changes in the yeast viable counts were similar during fermentation. The physicochemical characteristics of Campbell Early wine prepared using freeze-concentrated juice were investigated by measuring the levels of total phenolic compounds, organic acids, acetaldehyde, and minor alcohols and assessment of color values. Similar levels of soluble solids and total phenolic contents were observed in wines fermented by the three different strains, but a higher level of total acid was noted in OC2-fermented wine and a lower level of alcohol in Fermivin-fermented wine. The highest level of malic acid and the lowest level of lactic acid were detected in Fermivin-fermented wine. Although the wines showed variable levels of acetaldehyde and minor alcohols, the concentrations of these materials were much lower than those mandated by legal regulations promulgated by the Korean National Tax Service. Red and violet colors in OC2-fermented wine were darker than those of W-3-fermented wine. In sensory evaluation, W-3-fermented wine obtained the highest scores for color and flavor. However, the best taste score was reported for the OC2-fermented wine, whereas Fermivin-fermented wine was awarded the highest score in overall acceptance.
Keywords
Campbell Early; freeze-concentration; grape; red wine; wine yeasts;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kim, G.H. (1998) Studied on quality maintenance of fresh fruit and vegetables using modified atmosphere packaging. Korean J. Post. Sci. Technol., 5, 23-28
2 Hubbard, M. R. (1990). Statistical quality control for the food industry. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA
3 Jackson R.S. (2000) Wine science: principle, practice, perception. 2nd Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, USA
4 Sudraud, P. (1963) Etude experimentable de la vinification en rouge. Doctoral Thesis, University of Bordeaux, France
5 Bae, S.M. (2002) Wine making principles. Bae Sang Myun Brewery Institute Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea, p.53
6 Pietta, P.G. (2000) Flavonoids as antioxidants. J. Nat. Prod., 63, 1035-1042   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
7 Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry (2006) Agricultural and forestry statistical yearbook. Seoul, Korea
8 Park, K.L., Nah, S.S., Yoo, Y.J. and Hong, S.C. (1969)Studies on the red wine production (in Korean). Tech. Bull. Natl. Inst. Technol. Qual., 9, 07-112
9 A.O.A.C. (2000) Official method of analysis 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington D.C., USA
10 Lee, S.J. (1984) Cultivation of grape and quality of wine. Food Sci., 17, 15-18   DOI
11 Richard, P.V. (1981) Commercial winemaking, processing band controls. Westport A.V.I. Inc., Westport, USA p.272
12 Zoecklein, B.W., Fugelsang, K.C., Gump, B.H. and Nury, F.S. (1995) Wine analysis and production. Chapman and Hall, New York, USA p.129-168
13 Lawless, H.T. and Heymann, H. (1988) Sensory evaluation of food: principles and practices. Chapman and Hall, San Francisco, CA, USA
14 Park, Y.H. (1975) Studies on the grape variety and the selection of yeast stain for wine-making. Korean J. Agric. Chem. Soc., 18, 219-227
15 American Wine Society (1994) The complete handbook of winemaking. Kent INC., Ypsilanti, MI, USA, p.87-93
16 Rankine, B.C. (1967) Formation of higher alcohols by wine yeasts and relationship to taste tresholds. J. Sci. Food Agric., 18, 583-589   DOI
17 Amerine, M.A. and Ough, C.S. (1980) Methods for analysis of musts and wine. Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, p.176-180
18 Amerine, M.A., Roessler, E.B. and Ough, C.S. (1965)Acid and the acid taste: I. The effect of pH and titrable acidity. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16, 29-37
19 Amerine, M.A. and Vernon, L.S. (1997) Wine: An introduction, 2nd ed. University of California Press, Los Angeles, California, USA
20 Ruffner, H.P. (1982) Metabolism of tartaric acid and malic acid in Vitis. Vitis, 21, 247-259
21 Ahmed, H. (2004) Principles and reactions of protein extraction, purification and characterization. CRC Press, London, UK, p.350-352
22 Gong, S.J., Hong, S.B. and Lee, D.K. (1973) Investigation on grape varieties for winering (in Korean). Tech. Bull. Natl. Horti. Res. Inst., 15, 19-23
23 Auw, J.M., Blanco, V., O'keefe F.O. and Sims C.A. (1996) Effect of processing on the phenolics and color of cabernet sauvignon, chambourcin and noble wines and juices. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 47, 279-286
24 Yoo, J.H., Seng, H.M., Shin, D.H. and Min, B.Y. (1984)Enological characteristics of Korean grapes and quality evaluation of their wine (in Korean). Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Bioeng., 12, 185-190
25 Jackisch P. (1985) Modern winemaking. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, p.164-165
26 Koh, K.H. and Lee J.E. (2003) A study on the sensory characteristics of Korean red wine. Korean J. Food Sci. Tecnol., 35, 841-848
27 Koh, K.H. and Chang, W.Y. (1998) Change of chemical components during seibel white grape must fermentation by different yeast strains (in Korean). Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 30, 487-493
28 Lee, J.E., Won, Y.D., Kim, S.S. and Koh, K.H. (2002) The Chemical characteristic of Korean red wine with different grape varieties. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 34, 151-156
29 Kim, J.S., Kim, S.H. and Han, J.S. (1999) Effect of sugar and yeast addition on red wine fermentation using Campbell's Early. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 31, 516-521
30 Lee, J.K., Kim, J.S. (2006) Study on the deacidification of wine made from Campbell Early. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 38, 408-413
31 Kim D.H., Hong, Y.A., Park H.D. (2008) Co-fermentation of grape must by Issatchenkia orientalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces the malic acid content in wine. Biotechnol. Lett., 30, 1633-1638   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Wagner, P.M. (1994) A guide to wine making in America-grapes into Wine. Alfred A.K., New York, USA
33 Beelman, R.B. and Gallander, J.F. (1979) Wine deacidification. Adv. Food Res., 25. 1-53   DOI
34 Lee, J.E., Shin Y.S., Sim J.K., Kim, S.S. and Koh, K.H. (2002) Study on the color characteristics of Korean red wine. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 34, 164-169
35 Kim S.K. (2005) The present state of grape cultivation in Korea. In: Syposium on development of Yeongdong grape cluster regional innovation. Yeongdong Grape Cluster Organization, Yeongdong, Korea, p.4-10
36 Kim, J.S., Sim, J.Y. and Yook, C. (2001) Development of red wine using domestic grape Campbell's Early. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 31, 516-521