• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 1997

배추 재배시 살포된 농약의 비산 휘산정도를 알아보기 위해 유기인계인 chlorpyrifos, EPN, pirimiphos-methyl, phenthoate, 유기염소계인 tetradifon, dicofol, 피레스로이드계인 bifenthrin 농약을 이용하여 포장실험을 수행하였다. 이들의 잔류량 분석은 다성분 분석법을 이용하였는데 농약성분에 따라 다르나 회수율은 78${\sim}$92%로 우수하였으며 표준편차도 ${\pm}0.68{\sim}3.52%$로서 재현성이 있었다. 농약의 살포량은 농약사용지침서에서 권하는 량으로 하였으며, 1차실험시에는 바람이 불어오는 첫 구간에 농약을 살포하였고, 2차 실험시에는 풍향에 관계없이 정중앙에 살포하고 방사형으로 시료를 채취하였다. 실험결과 살포농약 대부분이 비산이나 휘산으로 인해 인접 작물에 전이 잔류하는 것을 확인하였다. 살포 중 비산되는 양은 농약성분과 풍향, 거리에 따라 달리 나타났으며 살포구간의 농작물 중 농약잔류량에 비하여 비살포구에서의 농작물 중 농약잔류량 비율은 3m거리에서 평균 0.66%, 6m 거리에서 0.10%, 9m 거리에서 0.05%이었고 근접지역에서는 최고 1.83%에 이르렀다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2012

Superconductor flywheel energy storage system (SFESs) is an electro-mechanical battery with high energy storage density, long life, and good environmental affinity. SFESs have been developed for application to a regenerative power of train, the storage of distributed power sources such as solar and wind power, and a power quality improvement. As superconductor bearing is completely passive, it is not necessary to control a system elaborately but accurate analysis in mechanical properties of the HTS bearing is very important for application to SFESs. Stiffness and damping properties are the main index for evaluation the capacity of HTS bearings and make it possible to adjust rotordynamic properties while operating the rotor-bearing system. The superconductor bearing consists of a stator containing single grain YBCO bulks, a ring-type permanent magnet rotor with a strong magnetic field that can reach the bulk surface, and a bearing support for assembly to SFESs frame. In this study, we investigated the stiffness and damping properties of superconductor bearings in 35 kWh SFESs. Finally, we found that 35 kWh superconductor bearing has uniform stiffness properties depend on the various orientations of rotor vibration. We discovered total damping coefficient of superconductor bearing is affected by not only magnetic damping in superconductor bulk but also external damping in bearing support. From the results, it is confirmed that the conducted evaluation can considerably improve energy storage efficiency of the SFESs, and these results can be used for the optimal capacity of superconductor bearings of the SFESs.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 2014

The difference of mooring tension by type of buoy was investigated in the circulating water channel and the wave tank for deducting the most stable buoy from the current and the wave condition. 5 types of buoy made up of short cylinder laid vertically (CL-V), short cylinder laid horizontally (CL-H), capsule (CS), sphere (SP) and long cylinder (CL-L) were used for experiments. A mooring line and a weight were connected with each buoy. A tensile gauge was installed between a mooring line and a weight. All buoy's mooring tension was measured at the same time for the wave test with periods of 1.5~3.0 sec and wave heights of 0.1~0.3 m, and the current test with flow speeds of 0.2~1.0 m/sec. As a result, the order of tension value in the wave test was CL-H > CL-V > SP > CS > CL-L. In the current test CL-V and CL-H were recorded in the largest tension value, whereas SP has the smallest tension value. So it seems that SP buoy is the most effective in the location affected by fast current. CS is predicted to be suitable for a location that influence of wave is important more than that of current if practical use in the field is considered. And it was found that the difference of mooring tension among buoys in wave is related to the product of the cross sectional area and the drag coefficient for the buoy's bottom side in high wave height. The factor for the current condition was not found. But it was supposed to be related to complex factors like a dimension and a shape by buoy's posture to flow.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.25-40
• /
• 1999

In this paper, artificial neural networks, a new kind of intelligent method, are employed to model and predict amplitude dependent damping in buildings based on our full-scale measurements of buildings. The modelling method and procedure using neural networks to model the damping are studied. Comparative analysis of different neural network models of damping, which includes multi-layer perception network (MLP), recurrent neural network, and general regression neural network (GRNN), is performed and discussed in detail. The performances of the models are evaluated and discussed by tests and predictions including self-test, "one-lag" prediction and "multi-lag" prediction of the damping values at high amplitude levels. The established models of damping are used to predict the damping in the following three ways : (1) the model is established by part of the data measured from one building and is used to predict the another part of damping values which are always difficult to obtain from field measurements : the values at the high amplitude level. (2) The model is established by the damping data measured from one building and is used to predict the variation curve of damping for another building. And (3) the model is established by the data measured from more than one buildings and is used to predict the variation curve of damping for another building. The prediction results are discussed.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.630-640
• /
• 2003

As tunnel ventilation has recently been playing a major role in the tunnel construction and maintenance, longitudinal ventilation systems with jet fans have been utilized a great deal because they are economical and effective. However, due to the length of tunnels and heavy traffic, it is hard to take the field measurements. In this study, therefore, the computer simulation and the model experiment of producing a wind tunnel were carried out simultaneously and the results were compared. The ultimate objective of this research was to interpret the air flow pattern inside the tunnel with a jet-fan was set up, and to offer the useful data for jet-fan installation and operation. The experiment was carried out with varying the jet-fan diameters, location of installation, the discharge velocity. Result showed that as the initial static pressure came up with the negative pressure, the tunnel air flowed into the inside of tunnel from outside due to the entrainment-effect and the backflow-phenomenon by separation-effect was observed in the lower half part of the tunnel. As the jet-fan was getting closer to the tunnel wall, the entrainment-effect caused by the interaction with the wall was increased; however, the mixing distance and irregular flow section became longer, and also the air pressure loss generated by wall friction was large.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.243-256
• /
• 2019

Determination of the most meaningful structural modes and gaining insight into how these modes evolve are important issues for long-term structural health monitoring of the long-span bridges. To address this issue, modal parameters identified throughout the life of the bridge need to be compared and linked with each other, which is the process of mode tracking. The modal frequencies for a long-span bridge are typically closely-spaced, sensitive to the environment (e.g., temperature, wind, traffic, etc.), which makes the automated tracking of modal parameters a difficult process, often requiring human intervention. Machine learning methods are well-suited for uncovering complex underlying relationships between processes and thus have the potential to realize accurate and automated modal tracking. In this study, Gaussian mixture model (GMM), a popular unsupervised machine learning method, is employed to automatically determine and update baseline modal properties from the identified unlabeled modal parameters. On this foundation, a new mode tracking method is proposed for automated mode tracking for long-span bridges. Firstly, a numerical example for a three-degree-of-freedom system is employed to validate the feasibility of using GMM to automatically determine the baseline modal properties. Subsequently, the field monitoring data of a long-span bridge are utilized to illustrate the practical usage of GMM for automated determination of the baseline list. Finally, the continuously monitoring bridge acceleration data during strong typhoon events are employed to validate the reliability of proposed method in tracking the changing modal parameters. Results show that the proposed method can automatically track the modal parameters in disastrous scenarios and provide valuable references for condition assessment of the bridge structure.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.487-494
• /
• 2019

소형인공위성 전력시스템체계 설계 및 개발방법은 태양풍 자계인 우주환경의 영향에 따라 기술적 제약이 큰 편이다. 이를 극복하기 위해 최근 전력모듈을 융합화와 유닛화 단계별 개발 방식으로 변화 하고 있다. 모듈화 단계에서는 탑재체 전력공급 모듈 요구조건과 함께 유니버설미들웨어를 사용하여 융합하였다. 융합모듈화대상은 탑재체에서 전력분배, 부하관리, 서브유닛의 전원공급체계와 지속성을 고려한 최종모듈 설계 및 개발 단계를 범위로 한다. 본 연구는 위성본체에서 공급되는 전력모듈을 유니버설미들웨어 기반으로 전력모듈의 정밀성과 수요처모듈데이터를 컨텐츠화 하였다. 이 동적시스템과 전력서비스 모듈화는 전력분배모듈과 전원공급모듈간 상호작용으로 Range Control 알고리즘으로 제어된다. 그리하여 전력모듈 설계단계에서 탑재체 전력수요 변수의 변동성에 따른 불확실성을 해소하고 설계의 효율성을 제시하였다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2018

Recently, concentration of fine and ultra-fine particulate matter(PM) has been increased in KOREA. The increase of PM in KOREA is due to increase of domestic industries and yellow dust from china. PM is known to cause diseases such as dyspnoea, asthma, arrhythmia. Since PM is harmful to human, KOREA Ministry of Environment(ME) warns people to stay indoors when the outdoor PM concentration is high. However, prior studies has shown that indoor PM concentration can be relatively high when outdoor PM concentration is high due to infiltration of PM into buildings though leakage areas. In this study, airtightness, indoor and outdoor pressure difference and PM 2.5 & 10 concentration were measured in an apartment complex to observe PM infiltrating into building. Field measurement was conducted in newly-built apartment buildings to avoid the influence of indoor PM which can be generated by residents. The airtightness test was conducted to identify the leakage areas of the apartment, such as electric outlets and supply/exhaust diffusers. The airtightness test result showed that the air leakage area of the building was dominant in buildings envelop. According to indoor and outdoor pressure difference measurement result and PM concentration measurement result, it can be concluded that outdoor PM can infiltrate into indoor by leakage areas when wind is blown toward the apartment. As a result, pressure difference formed by the external weather condition and architectural characteristics such as the airtightness in building can influence PM to infiltrate into buildings. In further studies, I/O ratio, stack-effect, infiltration and penetration factor will be considered.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2021

해수면 상태에 따른 고주파 양상태 해수면 음파산란 채널 측정 실험은 2020년 4월 거제 내만해역에서 수행되었으며 산란이론을 기반으로 한 모의결과와 비교하였다. 신호는 중심주파수 128 kHz, 대역폭 32 kHz의 선형 주파수 변조 신호를 이용하였다. 파고부이를 통해 측정된 해수면 거칠기로부터 해수면 파수 스펙트럼을 계산하였고 산란이론인 Small Slope Approximation(SSA)에 적용하여 해수면 거칠기에 의한 산란강도를 추정하였다. 또한 실험 당시 풍속을 이용하여 해수면 부근 공기방울층 음파산란을 고려하여 산란강도를 계산하였다. 모의된 산란강도를 이용하여 해수면 산란 채널 세기 임펄스 응답을 모의하였고, 해수면 파수 스펙트럼과 공기방울층 산란에 따른 모의결과를 측정치와 비교, 분석하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.699-709
• /
• 2011

The uses of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality models are increasing to support a sustainable management of large dam reservoirs in Korea. Any modeling study requires selection of a proper spatial dimension of the model based on the characteristics of spatial variability of concerned simulation variables. For example, a laterally averaged two-dimensional (2D) model, which has been widely used in many large dam reservoirs in Korea, assumes that the lateral variations of hydrodynamic and water quality variables are negligible. However, there has been limited studies to give a justification of the assumption. The objectives of this study were to present the characteristics of spatial variations of water quality variables through intensive field monitoring in Daechung Reservoir, and provide information on a proper spatial dimension for different water quality parameters. The monitoring results showed that the lateral variations of water temperature are marginal, but those of DO, pH, and conductivity could be significant depending on the hydrological conditions and local algal biomass. In particular, the phytoplankton (Chl-a) and nutrient concentrations showed a significant lateral variation at R2 (Daejeongri) during low flow periods in 2008 possibly because of slow lateral mixing of tributary inflow from So-oak Stream and wind driven patchiness.