• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.29-36
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• 2021

This study aims to estimate and calculate the ability to pay (ATP) and the willingness to pay (WTP) of households for wastewater management services (IPAL), the relationship between ATP and WTP, and factors that affect WTP. The location of IPAL construction is in the area of Lampung Province, Indonesia. There are 158 selected households for this study. The study employs a purposive sampling method in which the characteristics of households are classified into 3 categories - former households, newcomer households who had come to this area and have no experience of using water supply services, and newcomer households who have experience of using water supply services such as PDAM. The results of this study are, ATP and WTP values were not always in the same direction. The highest ATP was for newcomer households with experience of water supply services but the WTP was the lowest, on the contrary, the lowest ATP was for former households, but the WTP was the highest. Furthermore, experience and cognitive reference are positively correlated with WTP. Service quality perception, education/knowledge of respondents about environmental conservation, and level of income correlate with WTP.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.695-703
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• 2014

This paper studies the determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for preventing personal information infringement. Most of previous studies only estimate the value of the WTP and, unlike them, this paper discusses personal information as an information good. Using a double-bounded dichotomous choice model, this paper empirically analyses the personal characteristics that determine the WTP for the protection of personal information. It contributes to the literature by proposing that gender, working status and communication cost are determinants for the WTP for the protection of personal information.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.183-202
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• 2024

This study investigates the factors affecting Korean consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for domestic and organic agricultural, livestock, and processed food products. The findings reveal that obesity status, drinking frequency, and dining out frequency positively influence WTP for both domestic and organic products across all categories, while higher personal income, a convenience-seeking lifestyle, and the tendency to make shopping lists have a negative effect. The factors influencing WTP for organic products differ partially based on the country of origin, with dining out expenditure, disease symptoms, purchase of processed foods, and avoidance of risky foods show different impacts between domestic and imported organic products. The category- specific analysis shows that the perceived nutritional value of domestic products significantly affects WTP, except for livestock products. Safety certification preference has a mixed impact, lowering WTP for domestic agricultural and livestock products but increasing it for domestic organic livestock and processed foods. These results provide valuable insights for developing segmentation and differentiation strategies in the domestic agricultural market.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.829-851
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• 2000

This study used the contingent valuation method to determine how much consumers would be willing to pay to improve their city-gas safety and what factors influence consumers' willingness-to-pay (WTP). To elicit this information a mail questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected sample of 2,400 residents who use the city-gas. The survey results showed that individuals were willing to pay $4,750{\pm}342.8$ won per month for the city-gas safety improvement. The aggregate annual WTP was estimated at 121.5~318.0 billion won. To better understand how individual's socio/demographic characteristics affect the WTP, Censored Tobit analysis was used. The results show that higher income, more gas use (cooking and heating), willingness to install a safety instrument significantly increase consumer's WTP.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2009

The study was conducted to examine consumers' awareness and perceptions on forest certification and their willingness to buy and pay price premium for certified wood products especially for selected four wood products. A total of 136 residents in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were interviewed in the autumn of 2008. Although only 24.3 percent of the consumers are aware of forest certification, 82.4 percent of the respondents recognized the need and significance of forest certification. In general, 77.2 percent of the respondents were willing to buy certified wood products. Majority of the respondents, 84 out of 136 respondents (61.8%) expressed their willingness to pay (WTP) from more than 0 percent to less than 10 percent. Consumers' average WTP for certified wood products was estimated to be 5.6 percent. From the results of the study, lower priced wood products, such as copier paper (WTP=9.8%) and wood frame (WTP=11.6%), have higher price premiums than high priced products, such as wood table (WTP=6.8%) and wood flooring (WTP=7.6%). In conclusion, there could be feasible markets for certified wood products in South Korea as four out of five consumer are willing to pay more for such products. For the forest certification system to be adopted and widely accepted, the perceptions of forest stakeholders including consumers should be further increased.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.447-474
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• 2005

Respondents, in the willingness to pay (WTP) survey, may have preference intensity about their stated WTP values. This study elicited a post-decisional intensity measure for each observed WTP answer for gathering information on the degree of preference intensity. In order to deal with the WTP data with preference intensity, this paper considers using the Type 3 Tobit model. This is usually estimated by the parametric two-stage estimation method assuming homoskedastic and bivariate normal error structure. However, if the assumptions are not satisfied, the estimates are inconsistent. The author has tested the hypotheses of homoskedasticity and normality, and could not accept them at the 1% level. The assumptions required to estimate the parametric Type 3 model are, therefore, too strong to be satisfied. As an alternative the parametric model, this study applies a semiparametric Type 3 Tobit model. The results show that the semiparametric model significantly outperforms the parametric model, and that more importantly, the mean WTP from the parametric model is significantly different from that from the semiparametric model.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.205-221
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• 2001

It will become more and more popular to use the long-term care facilities and home health care services with the chronic disease increasing. It depends on how much the consumers would pay and purchase the services. They might get more benefits from that kind of services than from ordinary hospitalization. So far, the study of determining the medical service price has focused most often on the efforts from the providers' view. But it must be reasonable to include the consumers' value for the service. This study was performed to assess WTP(Willingness to Pay) for home health care service in order to apply to the determination of nursing price in a reasonable manner. In this study, respondents were asked if they would pay for the service's intangible benefits under the four different types(open-ended minimum WTP, open-ended maximum WTP, bidding WTP, referendum WTP). The contingent valuation method is a potentially useful tool in understanding how people value the benefits of the service. As a result, average open-ended minimum WTP was W16,015 per day among 65 respondents. Average open-ended maximum WTP was W29,154 per day among 65 respondents. Average bidding WTP was W26,300 per day among 65 respondents. Average referendum WTP was W22,200 per day among 70 respondents. The results of regression analyses were also consistent with theoretical prediction, e.g., increasing WTP with consumers' value for the service, state of patients, and household income. This study demonstrated that it was more reasonable to consider the consumers' value in determining the services' price. In addition, a further study is needed to test the validity of this CV method and to determine a proper nursing price based on the consumers' view.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.151-162
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• 2018

Blockchain can be highly secured by design and efficient for huge data so that many researchers and practitioners have been interested in blockchain in nature. The principles and applications of blockchain have been investigated by numerous studies and projects, however little is coincident regarding estimating about security investors' additional willingness to pay (WTP) and analyzing relationship with socio-economic characteristics of the investor for blockchain in the securities industry. This study surveyed on 1,000 heads of the household or homemakers that represents population well and estimated additional WTP using one-and-one-half-bounded (OOHB) dichotomous choice (DC) contingent valuation (CV) method. About 63% of respondents had additional WTP for blockchain. The mean WTP was KRW 48,206.92 and the median WTP was KRW 30,967.76. In addition to, the people who are high-income, highly-educated and having more financial asset were more likely to pay extra for their utility from using blockchain. The aggregated additional WTP was about 13% of the 2017 fiscal net income of the security industry. Consequently using blockchain, the strategic developing of securities targeting high-income, highly educated investors having more financial assets can increase commission income, which in turn can increase the company's revenues.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.573-581
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to estimate mean willingness to pay (WTP) for preventing forest fires by contingent valuation method (CVM), and to calibrate the variables affecting WTP. The forest fire prevention fund was utilized as a payment vehicle to elicit respondents' willingness to pay (WTP). A total of 500 adults who reside in Seoul Metropolitan area were selected by two-stage cluster sampling and conducted the face-to-face interview. The scenario was designed to meet the requirements for double-bounded dichotomous choice CVM. More than half of the respondents (64.6%) have a willing to pay for the fund. The mean WTP was \4,532. Therefore a total WTP for the population was \34,165,758,000. The calibration of Weibull proportional hazard model showed that education level, environmental conservation intention and negative consciousness about the effect of forest fire were independent variables strongly influencing the WTP.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1279-1285
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• 2013

The contingent valuation method (CVM) was used along with a questionnaire survey and field research methods to analyze the factors affecting willingness to pay (WTP) for urban parks in Tai'an. The results indicated that roughly 50% of the residents visited the urban parks weekly. Doing physical exercises and viewing topped the list of activities. Residents of different characteristics had different WTPs for the service functions of urban parks. From the two surveys, 60.1% and 61.4% of residents would be willing to pay. The average individual WTPs were 42.2 $yuan{\cdot}a^{-1}$ and 43.1 $yuan{\cdot}a^{-1}$ in the two surveys, and the medianin dividual WTP was 20.0 $yuan{\cdot}a^{-1}$. WTP was mainly affected by satisfaction, and WTP value was mainly affected by education level and income. Other factors had some correlation, but none were significant. Finally, some useful suggestions and references were given to the government in order to enhance the urban park services proposal.