• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.440-442
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• 2003

Panaxynol and panaxydol are major polyacetylene compounds in Ginseng and Wild Mountain Ginseng. Their contents in Korean wild mountain ginseng, Chinese mountain ginseng, and cultured ginseng were analysed by GC with FID. The content ratio of panaxynol to panaxydol was clearly different in various ginsengs. They were 1.81, 0.87, and 0.42 for Korean wild mountain ginseng, Chinese wild mountain ginseng, and cultured ginseng, respectively. The ratio difference could be used as a marker to identify various ginseng from different sources.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

Objective : Ginseng is one of most widely used herbal medicine. Ginseng showed anti-metastasis activities. However, its molecular mechanisms of action are unknown. So we want to report the wild ginseng repress which plays key roles in neoplastic epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Methods : Treatment of the human colorectal carcinoma LOVO cells and human gastric carcinoma SNU601 cells with the increased concentrations of cultivated wild ginseng extracts resulted in a gradual decrease in the AXIN2 gene expression. Results : Metastasis-suppressor genes, maspin and nm23 was not affected by the treatment of ginseng extracts in LOVO cells. Moreover, the mountain cultivated wild ginseng or mountain wild ginseng are similar in their inhibitory effects on the expression of AXIN2 gene, but are substantially stronger than cultivated ginseng. Conclusion : We described the novel mechanism of wild ginseng-induced anti-metastasis activity by repressing the expression of AXIN2 gene that plays key roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2003

산삼과 인삼의 세포주를 확립하고, 배양을 통하여 세포성장 및 탄소원 소모 경향과 이들이 생산하는 생리활성물질의(ginsenoside) 생성 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 세포주는 직접 산삼(KM2, KM3, KM5의 뿌리) 및 재배인삼(포천, 홍천, 영주, 무주와 금산에서 재배된 시료)으로부터 callus를 유도하고 장기간 배양하여 확립하였다. 산삼과 재배인삼 세포배양 결과 나타난 특성을 비교해 보면, specific growth rate($\mu$, day-1)는 각각 0.067과 0.035로서 산삼유래의 KM5 세포가 약 2배 정도 빨랐고, 반면에 ginsenoside 생성속도는 각각 0.53과 2.53 mg/L day로 재배인삼 세포에서 약 5배 더 높게 나타났다. 그런데 sugar consumption rate는 각각 1.51과 1.54 g/L any로 비슷한 수준으로 나타났는데, 이러한 결과들을 고찰해 볼 때, 기초 세포배양 조건에서는 KM5 보다 재배인삼인 KE세포에서 ginsenoside 생합성 대사가 더욱 활발하게 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.456-466
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• 2002

Wild ginseng production is increasing due to forest recovery for last 30 years. Total number of Symmani (traditional mountain ginseng digger) was 558 in 2001. Provincial distribution of Symmani in 2001 was highest in Kangwon $(32\%),$ next in Choongbook $(21\%)$ and least in Jeonnam $(0.7\%)$ and Kyoungnam $(0.9\%).$ Age distribution of Symmani was $33\%\;for\;fourties,\;32\%$ for fifties and $20\%$ for sixties. There were 8 persons in eighties. Symmanies are still keeping traditional ritual for mountain god serving clothes of colored ribbons and foods. Increased production induced open market system from underground dealing of mountain ginseng. Korea Mountain Ginseng Association established mountain ginseng assessment committee with professional Symmanies in 2001. From September to November in 2001, 987 roots were requested for quality assessment to the committee and 476 roots $(48\%)$ were passed and graded and others were rejected. Highest frequency of rejection was foreign origin. Pass rate was highest $(74\%)$ in Choongnam suggesting best place for quality. Number of collected roots in each province was positively correlated (p=0.05) with number of Symmanies. There are 3 quality groups of mountain ginseng, Heaven (pure natural), Earth (from seeding of wild ginseng) and Man (from seeding or seedling of wild ginseng with slight environmental modification). The relationship between price and age was polynomial in high quality root, Heaven, Earth and seed long head of Man group, and linear in low quality group, seedling long head of Man. The best one in 2001 was 26 g, 124 years old and sold with 109 million won. Quality criteria are age, shape, weight, color and healthy outlook. Fine roots are criteria for health status of roots and taproot is criteria for efficacy and called as medicine barrel. The implication is that ginsenosides have rarely been experienced for efficacy. The quality criteria of cultivated ginseng were originated from those of mountain ginseng. It is unique for mountain ginseng that only fresh one can be on market. Since quality criteria of mountain ginseng must be based on the efficacy experience it is well expected that present criteria might almost be established at the age of Shinnong Materia Medica.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.733-740
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• 2011

For the current study, 2,000 questionnaire sheets were printed and distributed while at the same time postal questionnaires were also conducted. The questionnaire survey was conducted July 25 through September 25, 2008, whereby 206 copies of desirable responses were secured. Analysis of the survey made it possible to grasp the overall current status and prospects of the mountain-grown ginseng business, and the level of technology required for cultivating mountaingrown ginsengs. It was learned that, with no legal and institutional arrangements now in force, no precise facts and figures concerning the total area cultivated and the quantity produced are currently available, and that the products are being marketed under the table. Under such circumstances, it is high time for the mountain-grown ginseng cultivation business to contribute to the promotion of incomes of the farming households and the generation of national wealth by developing the business into a systematic industry. This study conducted a survey on the current status of mountain-grown ginseng producers and of their production, thereby contributing to the introduction of policies for mountain-grown ginsengs.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.151-162
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• 2001

산삼은 고유의 생약으로 민간 또는 한방에서 효능을 인정받아 왔으나 산삼의 희귀성으로 인하여 산삼에 대한 연구가 활발하지 못하였다. 따라서 본 실험은 식물 조직 배양 기술을 이용하여 산삼 부정근을 대량으로 배양하고 추출하여 화장품 원료로서의 적용 가능성을 연구하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2009

Mountain cultivated wild ginseng(MCWG) pharmacopuncture, which is known to have anti-cancer and anti-oxidation actions, was administered for clinical usage and changes in manifestations were observed on three patients suffering from pain attributed from liver dysfunctions. In two cases of hepatitis due to poisoning by drugs and one case of liver cirrhosis, long-term administration of MCWG pharmacopuncture yielded significant changes in AST and ALT, which are important indices for liver functions. Improved liver functions after the administration of MCWG pharmacopuncture suggest a need for investigation on future usage of MCWG pharmacopuncture on liver dysfunctions, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Further studies on treating aforementioned disorders by MCWG pharmacopuncture are needed immediately.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.170-180
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• 2018

Background: To obtain useful cosmetic resources, this study aimed to determine the non-saponin fatty acid and inhibitory activities of collagenase and elastase by treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious root culture of wild mountain ginseng. Methods and Results: We performed supercritical fluid extraction at various conditions such as pressure, temperature, time, and use of co-solvents, unlike the n-hexane extraction for the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng. The non-saponin-fatty acid obtained from the oil of the adventitious roots culture was incresed by treatment with S. cerevisiae. The supercritical fluid extraction was conducted using gas chromatography. Non-saponin-fatty acid content, in the oil of adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae for 2 days were three times higher than that in the control. In addition, the oil of the adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae was investigated for the anti-wrinkle effect by using collagenase and elastase. The oil of adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae exhibited higher collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities than those in the control. Conclusions: Supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae was found to have decreased ratio of saturated fatty acids and incresed ratio and content of unsaturated fatty acids increased. Furthermore, it showed anti-wrinkle effects in vitro.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권6호
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• pp.757-763
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• 2009

우리나라에서 주요 장뇌삼 재배지역인 진안, 홍천, 풍기, 안동, 영주 등 5개 지역을 대상으로 지역 간 유연관계를 분석하였으며 산삼의 cDNA library 구축을 통하여 EST 분석을 실시하였다. 24개의 ISSR 표지자를 이용하여 PCR을 수행한 결과, 총 127개의 다형적 증폭산물을 얻을 수 있었으며 지역별로는 영주가 다형적 증폭산물의 수가 18개로 가장 많았다. 유집분석을 수행한 결과, 지역 간 유사도 범위는 0.46~0.58의 범위로 나타났고 영주를 제외한 홍천과 풍기, 안동과 진안이 각각 다른 그룹을 형성함에 따라 지리적 거리와 유전적 유사도와의 관련성은 찾을 수 없었다. 산삼 뿌리에서 cDNA library를 구축하여 EST를 통해 유전자 기능을 분석하였으며 11개의 cDNA의 염기서열을 결정한 후 아미노산 상동성을 비교한 결과, 9개의 EST들이 기능이 알려진 유전자들과 상동성을 나타내었고 2개는 기능이 알려지지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 Homeodomain transcription factor 유전자와 상동성을 나타낸 PGM002를 탐침 DNA로 만들어 장뇌삼의 잎과 뿌리를 대상으로 Northern Blot을 실시한 결과, 장뇌삼의 뿌리에서만 발현되는 전사체임을 확인하였다.

• 인삼문화
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• 제4권
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• pp.59-102
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• 2022

산삼이라는 약초가 자생하는 나라가 흔하지 않은 만큼 산삼을 채취하는 직업의 문화인 심메마니(산삼채취인) 문화를 가지고 있는 나라는 아주 드물다. 정통어인마니가 사라진 작금에는 심메마니에 관한 유무형의 문화는 시간의 흐름과 함께 더욱 소실되고 있다. 지금까지의 산삼채취인에 관한 연구는 ① 심메마니 은어에 관한 연구, ② 심메마니 습속에 관한 연구, ③ 심메마니 습속 변화에 관한 연구, ④ 심메마니와의 면담을 통한 추가적 채록 등의 부분적이고 단편적으로 진행되어 왔으며 심메마니 문화에 관한 총체적 연구는 아직 이루어지지 않았다. 이 연구에서는 앞선 연구에서 미반영한 사료를 보완하며, 산삼의 정의부터 산삼의 분류·심메마니의 어원·채삼 업종·심마니의 분포·법사회적 관점에서의 산삼채취·입산 시기·입산 조직·입산 택일·준비물·금기·출발과 입산·사신제의·도사(禱詞)·해몽·산삼 수색·산삼 발견과 그에 따른 일련의 절차·산삼 채굴·하산·배분·산삼채취량과 그 가격까지 심마니 습속의 행위별 비교와 어인의 제문(祭文), 사료의 사진, 삽화까지 첨부하면서 인삼 종주국의 산삼채취문화의 총괄적으로 연구하였다.