• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the packaging status of the $Agaricus$ $bisporus$ mushrooms and the benefits of storing them after precooling to improve their distribution system using small packages. The packaging status of the $Agaricus$ $bisporus$ mushrooms was surveyed at a farm, a department store, a wholesale market, and a supermarket from May to September 2011. The packaging materials that were used were PS, carton, PP, LDPE, PLA, and PVC. The harvested $Agaricus$ $bisporus$ mushrooms were precooled at $4^{\circ}C$ for three hours and were then stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for three days. The weight loss rate of the precooled sample was slightly lower than that of the unprecooled sample; conversely, the L value of the precooled sample was higher than that of the unprecooled sample. The ${\Delta}E$ value was lowest in the precooled sample after packaging. The precooling process effectively prolonged the shelf life and enhanced the quality of the$Agaricus$ $bisporus$ mushrooms.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.86-94
• /
• 2004

The characteristics of food waste in our country is high contents of water and sodium chloride(NaCl). Average water contents of household garbage was 80.0%, and those of wastes of restaurants and of wholesale market of agricultural products was 76.9% and 90.0%, respectively. The NaCl contents were high in household garbage and restaurant's waste as 3.36% and 4.84%, respectively. The NaCl contents of food waste composts made by various techniques known upto now were under the level of 1% by fresh weight basis. But these techniques has some problem that is environment pollution from treated water and high equipment cost. The application to agricultural land of food waste compost that is not sufficiently removed NaCl was considered to be improper due to salt accumulation in soils and plant growth inhibition by salt stress. The purpose of this study is to decompose NaCl in food waste compost using triple salt and this method is differ from existing chemical method. Also, reaction of NaCl with triple salt produced KCl that is basic material of potassium fertilizer. The experiment results of growing lettuce produced difference between food waste compost and treated food waste compost with triple salt. The latter got more high sprouting ratio and a growth rate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.83 no.2
• /
• pp.133-147
• /
• 1994

Wastepaper recycling has significant implications not only in providing scarce raw material input for the paper industry but in environmental concerns such as reducing solid waste disposal, energy conservation and preservation of forest resources. The objectives of this study was (1) to develop an econometric model of demand for and supply of wastepaper, (2) to forecast wastepaper consumption and price to the year 2000 applying the econometric models estimated and (3) to estimate the elasticity of variables which are included in the wastepaper supply and demand equations. In this study wastepaper was classified into three groups, old newsprint, old corrugated and mixed For each group such as demand and supply equation were estimated. The demand equations were estimated as a function of paper and paper product consumption and wholesale price index and supply equations as a function of wastepaper price, one year lagged paper and paperproduct consumption and transportation price. Applying the econometric models to forcasting results in the future consumption and supply of wastepaper projected as 11.645 million MT and 7.396 million MT in 2000, respectively. The rate of wastepaper self-supply is forcasted about 63.5% in 2000. Especially, the rate of old neswprint self-supply is predicted about 16% which means about 2.2 million MT of old newsprint should be imported from foreign countries. Lastly, some policy measures to promote wastepaper recycling rate based upon economic and physical characteristics of wastepaper and market structure are suggested.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.226-228
• /
• 2013

In 2012, a pink mold rot was observed on unishiu orange (Citrus unshiu Mac.) fruits at the Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products, Jinju, Korea. The symptom on unishiu orange was a water-soaked lesion on the surface of fruit, which later on enlarged to form softened brown rot lesions. The diseased fruits were covered with pink-colored mold, consisting of conidia and conidiophores of the pathogen. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$. Conidia were hyaline, smooth, 2-celled, and thick-walled conidia with truncate bases, ellipsoidal to pyriform, characteristically held together zig-zag chains and $12-26{\times}8-12{\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophore was erect, colorless, unbranched, and 4-5 ${\mu}m$ wide. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular analysis with complete ITS rDNA region, the causal fungus was identified as Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link ex Gray. This is the first report of pink mold rot caused by T. roseum on unishiu orange in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.65-68
• /
• 2012

In July and August 2011, a disease suspected to be Rhizopus soft rot was observed on peach (Prunus persica var. vulgaris) at the Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products, Jinju, Korea. The first symptom of soft rot on peach is a water-soaked appearance of the affected tissue. The infected parts later disintegrated into a mushy mass of disorganized cells followed by rapid softening of the diseased tissue. The lesion on peach was rapidly softened and rotted, then became brown or dark brown. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the causal fungus on PDA was $30^{\circ}C$and growth was still apparent at $37^{\circ}C$Sporangiophores were 6~20 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Sporangia were globose and 35~200 ${\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was brownish-grey to blackish-grey at maturity. Sporangiospores were sub-globose, brownish- black streaked and 5~10 ${\mu}m$ in size. Columella were globose to sub-globose and 85~120 ${\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular identification, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prinsen Geerligs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soft rot caused by R. oryzae on peach in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2007

A rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer occurred sporadically on grape in orchard in Gyeongsang-nam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services and in Wholesale Market of Agricultural Products in Jinju city. The infected fruits were rapidly water-soaked, softened and eventually rotted, and the symptoms were initiated from wounds or cracks occurred at harvest time. Sporangiophores were $850{\sim}1,800{\mu}m$ in length and $12{\sim}23{\mu}m$ in width. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric and $80{\sim}190{\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was white and cottony at first and gradually to brownish black, bearing abundant spores when it matured. Columella were hemispheric and $70{\sim}95{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval, brownish-black streaked and $8{\sim}22{\times}6{\sim}10{\mu}m$ in size. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the fungus on PDA was 25$^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to grape (Vitis vinifera), the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenberg ex. Fr,) Lind. This is the first report of Rhizopus soft rot by R. stolonifer on grape (V. vinifera) in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.490-494
• /
• 2011

Although bacterial outbreaks from ready-to-eat foods have increased, little information is available on microbial quality of sprouts in markets. Fifty sprouts and 30 salads were collected from wholesale markets. Total aerobic count (TAC), coliform, Escherichia coli, and some pathogens were detected. TAC for sprouts was 7.95 log CFU/g and 6.70 for salads, indicating that sprouts were more contaminated by 1 log CFU/g than that of salads. The numbers of coliform were 6.69 log CFU/g for sprouts and 5.42 for salads. E. coli was detected in 16 of 50 sprout samples at 2.38 log CFU/g and eight of 30 salads at 2.21 log CFU/g. Bacillus cereus was detected in 29 of 50 sprout samples and 16 of 30 salads, and the counts were mostly <3 log CFU/g. Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium perfringens were not detected. Therefore, although pathogens may not be a high risk for these foods, the high TAC and E. coli contamination require improved production and distribution methods, particularly for sprouts.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.117-119
• /
• 2009

Rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer occurred on strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa) in the plastic boxes in Jinju City Wholesale Market of Agricultural Products at Gyeongnam province in Korea on April 2008. The infected fruits were rapidly softened, water soaked and finally rotted. The symptoms were mainly occurred through wounds at harvest time. The colony color was white, cottony to brownish black after fully matured and numerous sporangiospores were formed on sporangia. The optimum growth temperature of the fungus was $30^{\circ}C$ on potato dextrose agar. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric shape of white color at initial stage and gradually changed with black color of $82{\sim}195{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiophores were $12{\sim}25{\mu}m$ in width. Columella were hemispheric in shape, and $70{\sim}92{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval in shape, brownish-black in color and $9{\sim}21\;{\times}\;7{\sim}8{\mu}m$ in size. This fungus formed stolones and rhizoid on PDA. On the basis of symptom, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity of the fungus, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2015

This research is to focus on the method of moving line optimization in Agricultural Industry, especially Garak Wholesale Market Modernization Project, by using simulation tool. As everybody knew, it's very difficult to apply the SCM operation rules in Agricultural Industry, because the standardization system in Agricultural Industry was not completed. The five flow management factors, vehicle moving line management, customer moving line Management, Logistics Device Moving Line Management, Working Person Moving Line Management, Product display moving line management, are needed to be optimized on the basis of standardization rules, and to achieve this will be the good infrastructure to make the Agricultural SCM system. It's very different between the SCM structure of manufacturing industry and logistics industry and the SCM structure of Agricultural Industry, because the SCM in manufacturing is occur in the basis of flow management, on the contrary, the SCM of Agricultural Industry is on the basis of activity management. For these reason, this study is the first approach to apply the simulation method in the part of moving line optimization in Agricultural SCM, and in near future, This study will help all designers and operators to apply the simulation work in the part of agricultural SCM, and we hope that next advanced study will continue by using this study.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2008

A rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer occurred sporadically on apple fruits (Malus pumila var. dulcissima Koidz.) at a wholesale market of agricultural products in Jinju, Korea in 2006 and 2007. Infected fruits were rapidly water-soaked, softened and rotted. The symptoms were initiated mainly from wounds or cracks occurred at harvest time. Sporangiophores were $950{\sim}1,900\;{\mu}m$ in length and $12{\sim}22\;{\mu}m$ in width. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric and $82{\sim}185\;{\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was white and cottony at first and gradually turned to brownish black, bearing abundant spores when matured. Columella were hemispheric and $70{\sim}85\;{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval, brownish-black streaked and $8{\sim}18{\times}7{\sim}8\;{\mu}m$ in size. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the fungus on PDA was $25^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to apple the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill. This is the first report of Rhizopus soft rot by R. stolonifer on Fuji apple in Korea.