• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2023

Sports activities, including playing tennis, are popular with many people. As this industry has become more professionalized, investors and those involved in sports are sure to pay attention to any tool that improves athletes' performance Tennis requires perfect coordination between hands, eyes, and the whole body. Consequently, to perform long-term sports, athletes must have enough muscle strength, flexibility, and endurance. Tennis rackets with new frames were manufactured because tennis players' performance depends on their rackets. These rackets are distinguished by their lighter weight. Composite rackets are available in many types, most of which are made from the latest composite materials. During physical exercise with a tennis racket, nanocomposite materials have a significant effect on reducing injuries. Materials as strong as graphite and thermoplastic can be used to produce these composites that include both fiber and filament. Polyamide is a thermoplastic typically used in composites as a matrix. In today's manufacturing process, materials are made more flexible, structurally more vital, and lighter. This paper discusses the production, testing, and structural analysis of a new polyamide/Multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite. This polyamide can be a suitable substitute for other composite materials in the tennis racket frame. By compression polymerization, polyamide was synthesized. The functionalization of Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was achieved using sulfuric acid and nitric acid, followed by ultrasonic preparation of nanocomposite materials with weight percentages of 5, 10, and 15. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirmed a synthesized nanocomposite structure. Nanocomposites were tested for thermal resistance using the simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA-TG) method. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to determine pores' size, structure, and surface area. An X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis was used to determine their amorphous nature.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.364-370
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• 1994

원자력병원에 설치된 MC-50 싸이클로트론에서 생산된 무담체 $^{51}Cr$-EDTA의 합성법 및 정상 성인 남자자원자를 대상으로 무담체 $^{51}Cr$-EDTA 주사후 사구체여과율을 측정하고, 이 검사 중 피검자가 받는 방사능 흡수선량을 MIRD system의 계산법으로 계산하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) $^{51}Cr$-EDTA는 bicarbonate 촉매하에 합성하였으며 이 방법은 기존의 방법보다 짧은 시간내에, 상온에서 반응이 완결되는 장점이 있으며 이 연구를 통하여 국내에서도 비방사능이 월등히 높은 무담체 $^{51}Cr$-EDTA의 사용이 가능하게 되었다. 2) GFR 측정시 $^{51}Cr$-EDTA 주사후 두경부 방사능 계측으로 혈액채취를 대신 할 수 있고, 경험적 공식이 아닌 2-compartment model에 의한 계산법을 이용할 수 있어 간편하게 임상이용이 가능하며 한국인의 체형에 맞는 새로운 공식의 유도가 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 3) $50{\mu}Ci$ $^{51}Cr$-EDTA의 전신방사능 흡수선량은 무시할 수 있는 정도임을 알 수 있었으며, MIRD system은 아주 적은 방사능 오염의 피폭 선량측정에 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 복식
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• 제17권
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• pp.221-245
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• 1991

The purpose of the study is to search for the existene mode of the modern cosmetology by not only understanding generally but also looking into the fundamental mental base and the aesthetic senses reflected in the literatuers and remans concerned with the traditional Korean cosmetology from anient times to modern times (1910). What are characteritic of in the systemetic study are summarized as follows : Chapter I The purposes and methods are systematized and the scop of study is specified. Chapter II The definition of cosmetology and osmetic indicates that the traditional cosmetology is a sort of whole deoration with costume. Chapter III It can hypothesized that since the Koreans were the northern nomadic tribe, in the beginning the cosmetology might have had a practical usage to protect themselves from the cold weather, and then gradually become to have a decoration meaning, and finally, with the development of various social culture, undergone the transition reflecting some characteristic of each era. Chapter IV While the female cosmetology had been much likely to accomodate the spirit of the times under the male, most of the male cosmetology had been done as a means to exhibit his social position, the tendency which had been prominent in the Yi dynasty. Chapter V Sinece beauty kits which were made of raw materials had been selg-supplying only to meet the small demand, their size were relatively small and had been given a menaing of a luchy omen or exorcism. Chapter VI Buddhism introduced bathing and incense, Confucianistic view of womanhood differentiated the cosmetology between Kissang and daughters of respectable citizens, and thin make-up was recomended. In addition, there many thoughts to have influence on the traditional cosmetology culture : body-and-soul unity, exorcism, naturalism, and short-lived beauty. Chapter VII Since the on-going movement of makeing use of the traditional cosmetic materials in order to apply to modern cosmetic may be a king of counter-vertical cultural phenomena to incorporate our own tradition with the modern cosmetology culture efficiently, the hope is that the findings of the study may contribute to the said efforts. In short, the study on the traditional cosmetology culture may be heloful in Looking into the existence of the modern cosmetology through its clarification of the nature of the traditional cosmetology culture.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2000

현재 서울대학교병원에서 진행중인 연구의 일환으로 혈관 내 방사선치료 시 시술자의 방사선피폭 정도 및 위험성에 대해 알아보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 심장혈관 폐색으로 연구에 포함되어 방사선치료른 시행 받은 42명의 환자 중 측정이 완벽한 34명의 자료를 토대로 분석을 시행하였다. 혈관내 방사선치료는 관상동맥성형술 직후 풍선도자법을 이용하여 대상 동맥의 중막에 17 Gy를 조사하였다. 사용된 동위원소는 $^{188}Re$이었으며 GM측정기로 각기 다른 8점에서 피폭선량을 측정하였다. 환자의 심장부위에서 10cm, 40cm 떨어진 지점을 시술자의 최대피폭량, 전신피폭량의 기준으로 삼았다. 치료선량의 중앙값은 111.6 mCi이었고 중앙치료시간은 576초였다. 환자 심장부위에서 l0cm, 40cm 지점의 평균 피폭 선량율은 0.43 mSv/hr, 0.30 mSv/hr 이었고, 각 지점에서의 시술 당 평균 피폭 선량은 0.07 mSv, 0.05 mSv 이었다. 이 수치는 ICRP-60나 과학기술부 고시에서 권고하고 있는 한계 피폭선량보다 훨씬 적은 값으로 현재 저울대학교병원에서 시행하고 있는 혈관내 방사선 치료법은 방사선방어 면에서 매우 안전한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2012

전신 골 스캔은 골친화성 방사성의약품으로 뼈의 생리적 변화를 영상화하는 검사방법으로, 140 keV의 감마선을 방출하는 방사성핵종이 표지된 방사성의약품을 주사 후 촬영하는 영상기법이다. 외부피폭으로부터 방사선방호의 3원칙은 시간, 거리, 차폐이다. 방사성의약품은 투여 시 개봉선원이 되기 때문에 방사선방호 원칙에 따라 피폭을 줄이기 위하여 빠른 시간 내에 주사하는 것이 좋다. 하지만 방사성의약품은 환자에게 직접 투여하기 때문에 선원으로부터 거리를 멀리할 수 없는 제한점이 있다. 본 연구는 방사성의약품으로부터 거리에 따른 피폭선량 변화를 확인하고, 차폐체를 사용 후 피폭량의 변화를 관찰하여 방사선 종사자의 피폭 관리에 도움이 되고자 한다. 방사성의약품 투여 시 소요되는 주사시간의 평균을 구하기 위하여 훈련된 주사 담당자가 환자에게 주사하는 시간을 총 50회 측정하였고, 그 평균값(약 2분)을 구하였다. 1 mL주사기에 옥시드로산테크네슘 925 MBq를 0.2 mL 로 맞춘 다음 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm에서 방사선 측정기(FH-40, Thermo Scientific, USA)로 선량을 측정하였다. 그리고 방사선차폐체(납 6 mm)를 선원으로부터 25 cm에 설치 한 후 50 cm 거리에서 선량을 측정하였다. 모든 선량측정은 각각 20회에 걸쳐 재현성을 검증하였다. 차폐 전과 차폐 후의 선량의 상관관계는 SPSS (ver. 18)을 사용하여 paired t-test로 검증하였다. 차폐체를 설치하지 않은 선원으로부터 거리에 따른 2분간 받는 피폭량은 50 cm에서 $1.986{\pm}0.052{\mu}Sv$, 100 cm에서 $0.515{\pm}0.022{\mu}Sv$, 150 cm에서 $0.251{\pm}0.012{\mu}Sv$, 200 cm에서 $0.148{\pm}0.006{\mu}Sv$로 나타났다. 차폐를 설치 후 측정 시 피폭량은 $0.035{\pm}0.003{\mu}Sv$로 차폐체 사용 전과 후의 피폭선량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다($p$<0.001).전신 골스캔은 핵의학 검사에서 많은 비중을 차지하고 있기 때문에 방사성의약품 투여 시 피폭을 줄이기 위해서 외부피폭의 방어원칙을 적절히 병행하여 피폭 저감을 위해 노력해야 한다. 하지만 방사성의약품은 환자에게 직접 투여하기 때문에 선원으로부터 거리를 멀리할 수 없고, 환자의 혈관 확보가 어려운 경우 주사시간이 길어질 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 피폭선량이 감소하는 것을 확인하였고, 선원으로부터25 cm 거리에 차폐체 설치 시 피폭선량이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 방사성의약품 투여 시 차폐체를 사용함으로써 방사선 피폭 저감에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1969

It is well known that a number of -SH and -SS containing substances afford a certain measure of protection against radiation effects in many biological systems, and it is conceivable that inherent -SH levels in Ehrlich ascites tumour (ELD)cells may be of decisive improtance with respect to the development of cellular radiation injury. So far, little effort has been directed to elucidate the changes in levels of different -SH and -SS groups in ELD cells when the tumour-bearing whole animal was subjected to the sublethal dose of X-irradiation. The present study was designed to bring some lights in the possible changes of and relationship between various sulfhydryl levels, such as P-SH, NP-SH and NP-SS, as well as the content of protein and cell volume of ELD cells, after subjecting the ELD mice to 1,200 r of X-irradiation. The animals used in this experiment were all mixed bred mice of $20{\sim}25\;gm$ in body weight (approximately 2 months old) irrespective of sex. 12 mice in one experiment were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of ascites tumour cells $(2{\times}10^6\;cells)$, and on the 7th day of the tumour growth, they were X-irradiated with 1,200 r, using the conventional X-ray machine under the following conditions: 200 Kv at 15 mA, 0.5 mm Cu filter, target-skin distance: 50 cm. Radiation dose was measured with the the Philip integrating dosimeter. At 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours after the X-irradiation, the mice were killed by cervical dislocation, and the tumours were taken out. Freshly withdrawn ascites tumours were placed in ice, and immediately the cell concentration was measured with the Coulter Cell Counter (Model B), and the hematocrit of the tumour cells were also determined. Cell volume was thus calculated by the cell concentration and hematocrit value. P-SH content of ELD cells was measured potentiometrically according to the method of Calcutt & Doxey, and NP-SH and NP-SS contents were measured spectrophotometrically by the method described by Ellman. Protein content of ELD cells was determined with the Folin phenol reagent by Lowry et al. Altogether, 48 experimental mice were used, and 12 mice with the only exception of X-irradiation were used as the control. Results obtained indicate that the contents of all the cellular sulfhydryl groups as well as cell volume and protein content of the ELD cells increase significantly as time progresses after the sub-lethal X-ray dose of 1,200 r was given and that all the increase is in a lineal fashion. The regression lines of the relative values, (i. e., taking each control value as 1) of all the values obtained, and the regression lines of cell volume, protein and NP-SH are identical, whereas those of NP-SS and P-SH appear to be widely seperated. However, the difference of those two lines (NP-SS & P-SH) were found to be not significant statistically (p>0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded from the above results that all the values examined increase in a lineal fashion with no statistically significant difference among them. Also, with the radiation dose of 1,200 r, the ELD cell becomes enlarged and swollen progressively up to 60 hours post-irradiation and it becomes more than two times of the original normal size at 60 hours after the irradiation, and up to this stage, it seems apparent that the cell division has been slow due to the X-irradiation applied in this experiment. It is well understandable that the contents of NP-SH, NP-SS, P-SH and protein of the ELD cells increase in parallel with the increase of the cell volume by the X-ray does used, but it also seems interesting to note that all the cellular substances tested show no appreciable difference in the pattern of increase.