• Title/Summary/Keyword: Whole-body cortisol

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Anti-stress Effects of Natural Products from Jeju Island in Zebrafish (제브라피쉬에서의 제주도 천연추출물의 항스트레스 효과)

  • Lee, Jeongwon;Lee, Seungheon
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2019.10a
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    • pp.85-85
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    • 2019
  • Objective: In this study, the anti-stress effects of extract of Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium (EHDF) or ethalonic extract of Opuntiaficus-indica (EOF) of natural extracts from Jeju Island were investigated. Methods: We performed measurement of whole-body cortisol level and behavioral experiments including the novel tank test (NTT) or the open field test (OFT) to assess stress responses in zebrafish. To induce physical stress, we used the net handling stress (NHS). Fish were treated with EOF or EHDF for 6 min before they were exposed to stress. And then, we sacrificed fish for collecting body fluid from whole-body or conducted behavioural tests, including novel tank test and open field test, were evaluated to observe anxiety-like behaviours and locomotion. We used the cortisol enzyme-linked immunoassay kit to measure the amount of cortisol in each zebrafish sample. Results: The results indicate that increased anxiety-like behaviours in novel tank test and open field test under stress were prevented by treatment with both EOF and EHDF (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the unstressed group, which was not treated with NHS, the whole-body cortisol level was significantly increased by treatment with NHS. Compared with the NHS-treated stressed control group, pre-treatment with each EHDF and EOF for 6 min significantly prevented the NHS-increased whole-body cortisol level (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion these results suggest that both EOF and EHDF pretreatment may prevent stress responses and that its mechanism of action may be related to its positive effects on cortisol release.

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Exposure to Copper (II) Chloride Induces Behavioral and Endocrine Changes in Zebrafish (CuCl2 노출에 의해 유도되는 제브라피시의 행동과 내분비계의 변화)

  • Sung, Jiwon;Lee, Jeongwon;Lee, Seungheon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.321-330
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    • 2020
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) on zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to various CuCl2 concentrations and subjected to different exposure times to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) values. To evaluate stress responses, we measured whole-body cortisol levels and behavioral parameters using the open field test (OFT) or the novel tank test (NTT). The zebrafish were exposed to CuCl2 solution at concentrations of 1.5-150 ㎍/l or a vehicle for 1 hr before behavioral tests or sample collection for whole-body cortisol. The LC50 values were 30.3, 25.3, and 14.8 ㎍/l at 24, 48, and 96 hr, respectively. The NTT showed that mobility, velocity, and distance covered were significantly lower in zebrafish exposed to CuCl2 than in the control group (p<0.05), while the turn angle was significantly higher in zebrafish exposed to a CuCl2 concentration of 150 ㎍/l than in the control group (p<0.05). The OFT also showed that mobility, velocity, and distance covered were significantly lower and the turn angle and meandering were significantly higher in zebrafish exposed to all concentrations of CuCl2 than in the control group (p<0.05). The whole-body cortisol levels were significantly higher in zebrafish exposed to CuCl2 than in the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that exposure to lethal CuCl2 concentrations induces an intense toxic and stress response in zebrafish, causing behavioral changes and increasing whole-body cortisol levels.

Effect of the ethanolic extract of cactus pear (Opuntiaficus-indica) fruit on net handling stress in zebrafish (백년초 에탄올 추출물이 net handling stress를 유도한 제브라피쉬에 미치는 영향)

  • Oh, Won-Bo;Oh, Jun-Young;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Jung, Ji-Wook;Lee, Seung-Heon
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : In this study, the anti-stress effects of ethanolic extract of Opuntiaficus-indica (OF70E) were investigated. Methods : To determine the effects of OF70E on physical stress, changes in whole-body cortisol level or behavior were monitored in zebrafish. After treatment with 0.9% saline or OF70E for 6 min, all fish underwent net handling stress (NHS), which induced physical stress. And then, we conducted open field test (OFT) or sacrificed fish for collecting body fluid from whole-body. We used the cortisol enzyme-linked immunoassay kit to measure the amount of cortisol in each zebrafish sample. Results : In result, compared with normal group which were not treated by NHS, whole-body cortisol levels were significantly increased in stressed-control group. Compared with control group, pretreatment with OF70E at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L for 6min significantly inhibited the increase of whole-body cortisol levels induced by NHS(p<0.05). To anti-stress effects of OF70E on behavior, we conducted OFT after the induction of NHS following pretreatment of OF70E. As results of OFT, compared with unstressed-normal group, distance moved was significantly decreased by induction of NHS in stressed-control group (p<0.05). OF70E-pretreatment blocked decreases of distance moved increased by NHS (p<0.05). And meandering movement, immobility and turn angle were significantly increased by NHS in stressed-control group compared with unstressed-normal group (p<0.05). OF70E-pretreatment prevented the increases of meandering movement immobility and turn angle by NHS (p<0.05). Conclusions : In conclusion these results suggest that OF70E-pretreatment may prevent stress responses.

Effects of the Acute Exposure Oxytetracycline on the Behavior and Endocrine Response in Adult Zebrafish (Oxytetracycline의 단기 노출이 제브라피쉬의 행동 및 내분비 반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Ko, Eun Seong;Lee, Seungheon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.151-157
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    • 2015
  • Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been more widely used to study pharmacology. Oxytectracycline (OTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and works by interfering with the ability to produce essential proteins of bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of exposure to OTC on behavioral changes or endocrine response in zebrafish. The behavioral effects of exposure to OTC (50, 100 or 200 mg/l) were characterized in several novelty-based paradigms such as the novel tank or open field test in zebrafish. Moreover, to investigate effects of exposure to OTC on endocrine response, we measured whole-body cortisol level using cortisol ELISA kit. As results of novel tank test, duration in top and immobile duration were significantly increased by the exposure to OTC in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). In addition, moving distance, highly mobile, velocity and zone transition were significantly decreased by the exposure to OTC in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). As results of open field test, the exposure to OTC increased immobile duration significantly (p<0.05). However, moving distance, mobile duration and velocity were significantly decreased by the exposure to OTC in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). Besides, the exposure to OTC elevated whole-body cortisol levels in zebrafish. These results suggest that the exposure to OTC may induce chemical stress in zebrafish.

Exposure to Dithiopyr Alters Swimming Performance Parameters in Zebrafish (Dithiopyr에 노출이 zebrafish의 유영 행동에 미치는 영향)

  • Oh, Junyoung;Park, Eun-Jin;Kang, Seongeun;Lee, Seungheon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 2016
  • The aim of this study was to identify the effects of dithiopyr (DTP), a herbicide, on behavior in zebrafish. The toxicity of DTP has rarely been investigated in fish. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of DTP in the range of 10-20 μM for 48 h in a test container, in order to measure the value of median lethal concentrations (LC50). Behavioral experiments were performed, including the novel tank test (NTT) and the open field test (OFT), to assess stress responses or locomotion. After exposure to the DTP solution at a sublethal concentration of 2.5–10 μM for 6 min, the behavior of the zebrafish was observed for 6 min. In the acute toxicity test, the LC50 value of DTP showed as 14.49 μM in the zebrafish. The NTT showed that the duration of immobility and the velocity were significantly increased by exposure at a concentration of 5 μM of DTP, compared with a control group (p<0.05). However, compared with the control group, DTP significantly decreased the distance moved and the frequency at the top of the tank, and significantly increased the turn angle and duration at the bottom, in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). In addition, in the OFT, exposure to DTP significantly decreased the distance moved and velocity compared with the control group (p<0.05). Exposure to DTP also significantly increased the duration of immobility, the turn angle, and the meandering movement, in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). Further, exposure to DTP at a low concentration elevated whole-body cortisol levels in the zebrafish. The results of this study thus suggest that DTP induces a toxic response and negative effects on behavior and the endocrine system in zebrafish.

Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance for Weanling, Growing and Finishing Pigs

  • Li, D.F.;Guan, W.T.;Yu, H.M.;Kim, J.H.;Han, In K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 1998
  • Four feeding trials with 260 pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing the diet with different amino acids on growth performance and blood metabolites for weanling, growing and finishing pigs. One hundred twenty weanling pigs (Exp. 1, BW 8 kg), eighty growing pigs (Exp. 2. BW 20 kg), thirty growing pigs (Exp. 3, BW 29 kg) and thirty finishing pigs (Exp. 4, BW 50 kg) were randomly allotted to different dietary treatments according to sex and body weight. Pigs weight and feed consumption were measured at initiation and termination of each trial with 4 weeks. At the end of trial, blood samples from three pigs selected in each pen (Exp. 1) and each pig (Exp. 2) were obtained to determine the level of blood urea nitrogen, glucose, insulin and cortisol in the serum. In Exp. 1, pigs fed diet supplemented both with lysine and methionine had the best feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05), but no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in ADG and ADFI. Pigs receiving control diet obtained the obtained the optimal ADG (p < 0.05), ADFI (p < 0.05) and F/G for the whole period. No differences were detected in serum glucose, insulin and cortisol concentrations. In Exp. 2, pigs receiving the control diet exhibited the lowest serum urea nitrogen (p < 0.05), ADG, F/G and serum insulin concentration increased linearly (p < 0.05) with the inclusion of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in diets. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected for glucose and cortisol content in pigs serum among dietary treatments. In Exp. 3 and 4, pigs growth rate increased linearly (p < 0.01), and feed conversion efficiency was also improves by addition of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. In conclusion, pigs fed diets supplemented with lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan together obtained optimal growth performance in growing and finishing periods.

The Effects of Licorice Supplementation on Muscle Injury, Cortisol, Testosterone and Insulin Sensitivity After High Intensity Resistance Exercise (감초탕 섭취가 고강도 저항성 운동 후 근부상, 혈중 코티졸, 테스토스테론 및 인슐린 민감도에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Hyun-Lyung;Na, Hyun-Jong;Kim, Pan-Soo;Ryu, Hyung-Soo;Kang, Ho-Youl
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.37-42
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of licorice supplementation on muscle injury, plasma cortisol, testosterone and insulin sensitivity after high intensity resistance exercise. Methods : The fourteen health college male students were voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups: Control group (CON, n=7), Licorice group (LR, n=7). LR group ingested 2 g/time of licorice extract (mixed with 100 ml of water) two times/day for 10 days while the CON group ingested 100 ml of water. All subjects performed a high intensity resistance exercise (half-squat, 8 RM at 80% one-repetition maximum, 5 sets, 1min rest). Blood samples were collect before (-7) and after (0) licorice supplementation, and then 1 day, 2 day and 3 day post exercise. After 10 day treatment, plasma creatine kinase, cortisol, testosterone, glucose, insulin were measured. To determine the insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR was calculated. Results : Plasma creatine kinase activities were significantly elevated after exercise, but there was not different between two groups. The plasma cortisol and testosterone levels were not significantly different between two groups. Plasma glucose levels were increased at 1 day and 2 day after exercise in the LR comparing with CON group (P<0.05) but plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in comparison with CON. HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the LR than CON group at 0 day to 3 day (P<0.05). Conclusions : The results of the current study suggest that licorice supplementation for 10 days might not attenuate the high-intensity exercise-induce muscle injury but may enhance the whole-body insulin sensitivity.

The effects of Mozart's music on metabolic response upon stress

  • Lee, Sujin;Yoo, Ga Eul;Chong, Hyun Ju;Choi, Seung Hong;Park, Sunghyouk
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2020
  • Mozart's music has been suggested to affect spatio-temporal reasoning of listeners, which has been called "Mozart effect". However, the effects of Mazart's music on human metabolism have not been known. We dissected Mozart's music into its compositional elements and studied their effects on metabolism of experimental animals. Mozart music significantly reduced cortisol level induced by stress. NMR metabolomic study revealed different urine metabolic profile according to the listening to Mozart's music. In addition, each element of music exhibited different metabolic profile. Functional MRI study also showed enhanced brain activity upon listening to Mozart's music. Taken together, Mozart's music seems to be related with brain activity, stress hormone and whole body metabolism.

Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth, Body Composition, Stress, Antioxidant Status and Immune Responses of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (사육 밀도가 무지개송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 치어의 성장, 체조성, 스트레스, 항산화 및 면역반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Jae-Hoon Kim;In Joon Hwang;Jin Woo Park;Jeong-Hyeon Cho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.79-88
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    • 2023
  • A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different stocking densities on the growth, body composition, stress, antioxidant status, and immune responses of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Juvenile rainbow trout (32.2±0.5 g) were randomly placed in eight experimental tanks, each containing 2,000 L of water, at stocking densities of 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 individual/m3. The trout were assigned to four treatments (2.4, 4.8, 9.7, and 19.4 kg/m3) in duplicates. Following after the feeding trial, the fish cultured in the less dense group showed significantly higher growth and survival (P<0.05). In terms of proximate composition, the whole body crude protein and lipid contents were lower in the denser group (19.4 kg/m3). Regarding the antioxidant and immune responses, the fish reared in the relatively denser group exhibited lower lysozyme, immunoglobulin M, and superoxide dismutase levels. The stress indicators, glucose and cortisol, were significantly lower in the less dense group (2.4 kg/m3), while the denser group (19.4 km/m3) exhibited higher AST and ALP levels(P<0.05). The results showed that denser stocking has a crowding stress effect and negatively impacts growth and immune responses.

Effect of Bio-logger Attachment Location on Blood Characteristics and Bio-logger Attachment Efficiency in Spotted Sea Bass Lateolabrax maculatus (바이오로거 부착 위치가 점농어(Lateolabrax maculatus)의 혈액 성상 및 바이오로거 부착효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Sung-Yong Oh
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.56 no.5
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    • pp.651-659
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    • 2023
  • The effect of bio-logger tagging location on blood characteristics and bio-logger attachment efficiency in spotted sea bass (mean body weight 2356.7 g) was investigated. The fish were tagged at four different tagging locations: no-tag (control), operculum attachment (OA), dorsal muscle attachment (DA), and cauda peduncle muscle attachment (CA). The blood properties and bio-logger attachment efficiencies were examined on days 1, 7, 14, and 35 after tagging the bio-logger at each tagging location. During the experimental periods, the concentrations of hematocrit and hemoglobin in whole blood, and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), total protein (TP), glucose, total cholesterol, cortisol, and superoxide dismutase in plasma were not affected by the attachment location of the bio-logger, however, the TP concentration was significantly lower in OA than in the control group on day 7. After tagging for 35 days, the efficiencies of bio-logger attachment in the OA, DA, and CA after tagging for 35 days were 33.3%, 100.0%, and 33.3%, respectively. These results indicate that, in our experimental condition, the most appropriate bio-logger attachment location is DA, providing basic information on bio-logger utilization methods for ecological and biological biotelemetry surveys of the spotted sea bass.