• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4122-4129
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• 2021

The counting efficiencies obtained using anthropomorphic physical phantoms are generally used in whole-body counting measurements to determine the level of internal contamination in the body. Geometrical discrepancies between phantoms and measured individuals affect the counting efficiency, and thus, considering individual physical characteristics is crucial to improve the accuracy of activity estimates. In the present study, the counting efficiencies of whole-body counting measurements were calculated considering individual physical characteristics by employing Monte Carlo simulation for calibration. The NaI(Tl)-based stand-up and HPGe-based bed type commercial whole-body counters were used for calculating the counting efficiencies. The counting efficiencies were obtained from 19 computational phantoms representing various shapes and sizes of the measured individuals. The discrepancies in the counting efficiencies obtained using the computational and physical phantoms range from 2% to 33%, and the results indicate that the counting efficiency depends on the size of the measured individual. Taking into account the body size, the equations for estimating the counting efficiencies were derived from the relationship between the counting efficiencies and the body-build index of the subject. These equations can aid in minimizing the size dependency of the counting efficiency and provide more accurate measurements of internal contamination in whole-body counting measurements.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2013

Objective: Whole body vibration training is a relatively new approach for enhancement of muscle strength, physical performance, and balance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of unilateral whole body vibration training. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Sixteen healthy, physically active volunteers participated in this study. Whole body vibration was applied with a frequency of 20 Hz and an amplitude of 3 mm for 3 minutes. Muscle performance and static balance were assessed before and after unilateral whole body vibration training. One leg standing broad jump test was measured to determine muscle performance which is closely linked to lower extremity muscle function. The good balance system was used in evaluation static balance. All test were measured 3 times and the average value was analyzed. Results: Jumping length was significantly improved by 0.11m in all participants after intervention (p<0.05). Among static parameters, significant results were observed where in the eyes opened condition, X-speed (medial-lateral sway) changed from 4.20 mm/s to 4.95 mm/s, Y-speed (anterior-posterior sway) changed from 5.77 mm/s to 6.54 mm/s and velocity moment changed from $12.77mm^2/s$ to $13.57mm^2/s$ (p<0.05). In the eyes closed condition, X-speed changed from 4.34 mm/s to 4.85 mm/s, Y-speed changed from 7.84 mm/s to 8.16 mm/s and velocity moment changed from $16.03mm^2/s$ to $16.11mm^2/s$ (p<0.05). Conclusions: Immediate unilateral whole body vibration improved muscle performance but impaired static balance in young adults.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study investigated the immediate effect of inspiratory muscle training with whole-body vibration on the pulmonary function of subacute stroke patients. METHODS: All participants (n=30) were allocated to the following groups: (1) the inspiratory muscle training group with whole-body vibration (n=10), wherein the patients received inspiratory muscle training with whole-body vibration comprising 3minutes of vibration per session and respiratory training of 30 times and 2 sessions for one day. (2) the inspiratory muscle training group with visual feedback (n=10), wherein the patients received inspiratory muscle training with visual feedback. (3) the inspiratory muscle training group (n=10), wherein the patients received inspiratory muscle training. RESULTS: After the experiment, the inspiratory muscle training group with whole-body vibration exhibited significantly higher forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at 1 second, peak inspiratory flow rate, maximal inspiratory pressure, and chest expansion (p<.05), compared to the other groups. Inspiratory muscle training group with whole-body vibration had significantly higher peak expiratory flow rate and maximal voluntary ventilation than the other groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results show that pulmonary function, maximal inspiratory pressure, and chest expansion were significantly better in the inspiratory muscle training group with whole-body vibration than in the other groups. Thus, this treatment will help recovery of pulmonary function in stroke patients.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

국내 원전의 계획예방정비기간중에 원자로계통의 개방과정에서 원자로건물내 공기 중으로 누설된 $^{131}I$의 채내 흡입으로 원전 종사자의 내부피폭이 발생하였다. 이에 따라 원전에서 보유하고 있는 전신계측기(Whole Body Counter)를 이용하여 방사선작업 종료 후 즉시 원전종사자의 체내에 침적된 내부방사능을 측정하였고, 수일 경과 후 재측정하였다. 이러한 전신계측결과를 이용한 섭취량 산정 값을 원전종사자가 출입한 원자로 건물 내 공기 중의 $^{131}I$ 방사능 농도 측정결과와 원자로건물 출입기록에 근거하여 계산된 $^{131}I$ 채내 섭취량과 비교 평가하였다. 그 결과 전신계측기를 이용한 채내 방사능측정 결과와 공기중 농도를 이용한 섭취량 산정 결과는 비교적 잘 일치하는 것으로 평가되였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2016

Background: Whole-body counters are widely used to evaluate internal contamination of the internal presence of gamma-emitting radionuclides. In internal dosimetry, it is a basic requirement that quality control procedures be applied to verify the reliability of the measured results. The implementation of intercomparison programs plays an important role in quality control, and the accuracy of the calibration and the reliability of the results should be verified through intercomparison. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of 2 whole-body counting systems using 2 calibration methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, 2 whole-body counters were calibrated using a reference male bottle manikin absorption (BOMAB) phantom and a Radiation Management Corporation (RMC-II) phantom. The reliability of the whole-body counting systems was evaluated by performing an intercomparison with International Atomic Energy Agencyto assess counting efficiency according to the type of the phantom. Results and Discussion: In the analysis of counting efficiency using the BOMAB phantom, the performance criteria of the counters were satisfied. The relative bias of activity for all radionuclides was -0.16 to 0.01 in the Fastscan and -0.01 to 0.03 in the Accuscan. However, when counting efficiency was analyzed using the RMC- II phantom, the relative bias of $^{241}Am$ activity was -0.49 in the Fastscan and 0.55 in the Accuscan, indicating that its performance criteria was not satisfactory. Conclusion: The intercomparison process demonstrated the reliability of whole-body counting systems calibrated with a BOMAB phantom. However, when the RMC-II phantom was used, the accuracy of measurements decreased for low-energy nuclides. Therefore, it appears that the RMC-II phantom should only be used for efficiency calibration for high-energy nuclides. Moreover, a novel phantom capable of matching the efficiency of the BOMAB phantom in low-energy nuclides should be developed.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

In old age, measures to cope with the natural phenomenon of aging and various diseases of the elderly due to the deterioration of physical function are also a challenge for this society. While interest in systematic health is increasing, it is true that awareness and interest in oral-related diseases is relatively lacking. This study aims to present basic data necessary to improve the quality of life for senior citizens aged 65 or older by improving the oral dryness caused by systemic health. By research method, improve oral dryness caused by whole-body health with the elderly over 65 and promote their oral health, inducing the increase of the salivary flow rate through oral health care education, oral exercise, and salivary gland massage. First, on the DMSQ according to the general characteristics of the elderly, the recognition of the whole body and oral health status, independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA were conducted. Second, on changes in the salivary flow rate and saliva pH according to the general characteristics of the elderly, recognition of oral and whole-body health status, and whole-body health, paired samples t-test was conducted. Studies have shown that salivary gland flow increased significantly after oral exercise and salivary gland massage, the salivary flow rate significantly increased. In all variables of the recognition of the oral health status, the salivary flow rate increased after oral exercise and salivary gland massage, and in the whole-body health, regardless of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and osteoporosis, the salivary flow rate increased after oral exercise and salivary gland massage, and the salivary flow rate increased after oral exercise and salivary gland massage if the subjects responded that they did not have thyroid abnormality, anemia, abnormalities of breathing, hypotension, gastrointestinal disturbance, or kidney diseases. As a comprehensive analysis of this study, many felt oral dryness when they had a problem with the whole-body health, and many felt oral dryness when they had a problem with oral health cognition. After applying oral exercise and salivary gland massage as intervention methods in the oral health care for the elderly, the salivary flow rate significantly increased, and it is judged that the methods were very effective for controlling oral dryness. Furthermore, it is judged that the factors affecting oral health, whole-body health, and oral dryness would be identified, which would be helpful for the promotion of whole-body health and oral health. It is judged that continuous research would be needed so that measures for the application of the oral care program and system for the elderly would be prepared in the future.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2001

Neutron dose assessment in criticality accidents using Whole Body Counter (WBC) was proved to be an effective method as rapid neutron dose estimation at the JCO criticality accident in Tokai-mura. The 1.36MeV gamma-ray of $^{24}Na$ in a body can be detected easily by a germanium detector. The Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) of $^{24}Na$ is approximately 50Bq for 10miniute measurement by the germanium-type whole body counter at JNC Tokai Works. Neutron energy spectra at the typical shielding conditions in criticality accidents were calculated and the conversion factor, whole body activity-to-organ mass weighted neutron absorbed dose, corresponding to each condition were determined. The conversion factor for uncollied fission spectrum is 7.7 $[(Bq^{24}Na/g^{23}Na)/mGy]$.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.127-139
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to understand the preference of fashion materials according to the degree of consciousness and satisfaction of body. A survey was conducted using the randomly selected 439 woman students in the twenties. The consciousness variable had three levels which were lean, medium, and obese shape for each whole, upper and lower body with self-consciousness. Also, satisfaction variable had three levels which were satisfying, average, and unsatisfying group. We analyzed the data using analysis of correlation, crosstabulation analysis, and analysis of variance including Duncan multiple test. The results were as follows: 1) There was the positive correlation between height, leg, and arm length, and each variable, and the negative correlation between back, hip, thigh, waist, lower leg, ankle, and upper arm, and each variable. Also, we could observe the pattern that the larger the head or the more the weight was, the lower the satisfaction of body was. 2) There were no strong correlation between breast and hand size and each variable. From the crossed classification, we could observe the trend that the smaller the breast was, the lower the satisfaction of body was. 3) There were the strong correlation between whole and upper body in consciousness degree and between whole and lower body in satisfaction. 4) The consciousness of the whole body was shown lean shape 23.4%. medium shape 49.2%, and obese shape 27.2%. For the satisfaction degree of the whole body, satisfaction was shown 6.8%, average 41.7% and unsatisfaction 51.4%, so the satisfaction group is very small. 5) From the analysis for the consciousness degree of the whole body, the preferred fashion materials were polyester and acetate in casual wear, linen, polyester, acryl, T/W, and polyurethan in formal wear, and cotton, nylon, TIC, and T/W in sports wear. There was significant difference in casual wear, formal wear, and sports wear, but, not in underwear and accessories among he consciousness groups. 6) From the analysis for the satisfaction degree of the whole body, the preferred fashion materials were linen, silk, and acetate in casual wear, cotton in underwear, polyurethane in formal wear, and nylon in sports wear. There was the significant difference in casual wear, underwear, formal wear and sports wear, but, not in accessories among the satisfaction groups.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.755-767
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• 2015

This study analyzed the body-type characteristics of 340 old-aged obese women that had been on the rise as a part of efforts to activate the silver clothing industry. The subjects were in the age range of 60-79 and met some obesity requirements, including a Rohrer Index of 1.6 or higher, a BMI of 25 or higher, and a WHR of 0.85 or higher. Old-aged obese women showed increased thickness of the torso with age, which suggests that they revealed the characteristics of regardless of gender. In other words, they became bigger in the waist and abdomen, shorter in height, slimmer in the lower body, and thicker in the torso. There are three types of obesity: Type 1 is lower-body obesity with a higher degree of obesity in the abdomen than the upper body. Type 2 is abdominal obesity with a higher degree of obesity in the upper body than in the lower body. Type 3 is whole-body obesity with balanced obesity of the whole body. As for changes to the types of obesity according to age, those who are in their sixties usually fall into the categories of upper-body and whole-body obesity, and those who are in their seventies are much more concentrated in the categories of abdominal obesity and upper-body obesity with a decreased percentage of whole-body obesity. It is apparent that the percentage of abdominal and upper-body obesity rises with age due to fat accumulation in the abdomen.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

Loss of postural stability can possibly lead to slip and fall accidents in the number of workplaces and everyday life. This study was aimed to examine the effects of whole body fatigue and partially limited visual field on the ability of maintaining postural balance during quiet standing. A group of twelve healthy male subjects participated in the experiment. Before and after experiencing the whole body fatigue induced by bicycling exercises, the position coordinates of subject's center of pressure (COP) were obtained under the two levels of visual field condition (i.e., open visual field and limited visual field). Four levels of the whole body fatigue examined were rest, 300watt, 600watt, and 900watt. Position coordinates of COPs measured on a force plate were then converted into the total length of postural sway path in both the medio-lateral (ML) direction and the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. Two-way ANOVA result showed that the length of sway path in the AP direction became significantly larger as the whole body fatigue accumulated. Post-hoc test revealed statistically significant differences between rest and 900watt and between 300watt and 900watt. The significant increase of the sway length was also found when the visual field was partially obstructed by the boxes. In the ML direction, however, there was no statistically significant difference of the postural sway in both the AP and ML directions. The results imply that the ability of maintaining postural stability can be reduced significantly due to such tasks along with whole body fatigue. The postural balance can also be impaired by the limited visual field.