• 제목/요약/키워드: Whole-Body Exposure

검색결과 201건 처리시간 0.029초

Evaluating Methods of Vibration Exposure and Ride Comfort in Car

  • Park, Se Jin;Subramaniyam, Murali
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.381-387
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    • 2013
  • Objective: This paper studies the method of measuring whole-body vibration in the car and terms associated. Background: Human exposure to vibration can be broadly classified as localized and whole-body vibration. The whole-body vibration affects the entire body of the exposed person. It is mainly transmitted through the seat surfaces, backrests, and through the floor to an individual sitting in the vehicle. It can affect the comfort, performance, and health of individuals. Method: Human responses to whole-body vibration can be evaluated by two main standards such as ISO 2631 and BS 6841. The vibration is measured at 8 axes - three translations at feet, 3 translations of hip and two translations of back proposed by Griffin. B&K's sensors used in this study are the 3-axes translational acceleration sensor to measure the translational accelerations at the hip, back and foot. Results: The parameters associated with the whole-body vibration in the car are frequency weightings, frequency weighted root-mean-square, vibration dose values, maximum transient vibration value, seat effective amplitude transmissibility, ride values and ride comfort. Conclusion: Studied the evaluating methods of vibration exposure and ride comfort. Application: Evaluation of whole-body vibration in the car.

이동전화 주파수에 대한 전자파 잔향실 형태의 전신 노출장치 개발 및 유효성 평가 (Development and Validation of Reverberation Chamber Type Whole Body Exposure System fer Mobile Phone Frequency)

  • 정기범;고경배;도현정;백정기;정연춘;최재훈
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.291-300
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    • 2004
  • 이동통신 서비스의 급격한 증가로 인해, EMF(Electromagnetic field)노출의 생물학적 효과에 대한 많은 연구들이 수행되어져 왔다. 그러나 연구 수행에 있어서 필요한 무선 주파수 대역에서의 균일장 생성은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위해 전신노출 시 스템에서의 전기장과 SAR(Specific Absorption Rate) 분포 측정이 발전을 해왔다. 본 논문에서는 EMC 대용 챔버로의 활용 가능성이 높은 전자파 잔향실 챔버를 이용하여 동물 실험용 전신 노출 장치를 개발하였다. 설계된 전자파 잔향실은 시뮬레이션과 측정 데이터를 이용하여 시험영역의 균일장에 대한 유효성을 검증하였다. 마우스에 대한 전신노출 실험에 있어서, 노출된 전자파에 대해 SAR을 확인하기 위해서 FDTD수치해석 방법과 측정 결과를 비교하였다. 전자파 잔향실 내부에서의 전기장 분포 특성을 해석하고, 이러한 해석 결과들을 통계적으로 처리하였다. CDMA 이동전화 주파수 대역에서(PCS & Cellular 대역) 입력 파워 변화에 따른 실험상태에서의 마우스 전신 SAR 평균값 및 국부 최대값을 제시하였다.

UH60 헬기 조종사의 피폭진동 측정 및 평가 결과 (Measurements of Whole-body Vibration Exposed from and Their UH60-helicopter Analysis Results)

  • 정완섭;변주현
    • 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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    • 제15권12호
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    • pp.1327-1331
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    • 2005
  • This Paper addresses what amount of whole-body vibration is exposed to Korean pilots of UH60 helicopters during their mission flight. To measure the expose4 whole-body vibration, the 12-axis whole-body vibration measurement system was used. It enables the direct measurement of whole-body vibration exposed from the body contact area consisting of the feet, hip and back. The measured 12-axis vibration signals were used to evaluate the vibration comfort level experienced by the pilots of UH60 helicopters. The evaluated vibration comfort level is found to be closeto 0.74-0.79m/s, which is equivalent to the semantic scale of 'fairly uncomfortable'. To assess the health effects of whole-body vibration exposed to Korean pilots of UH60 helicopters during their mission flight, the rms-based and VDV(vibration dose value)-based evaluation schemes, recommended by ISO 2631-1:1977, were exploited in this work. The evaluated results indicate that Korean pilots cannot avoid the fatigue-decreased proficiency limit after two-hour continuous flight. The whole-body vibration level exposed from the UH60 helicopters during continuous 10-hours mission flight is found to reach to the vibration exposure limit.

UH60 헬기 조종사의 피폭진동 측정 및 평가 결과 (Measurements of Whole-body Vibration Exposed from UH60-Helicopter and Their Analysis Results)

  • 정완섭;변주현
    • 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.132-137
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    • 2005
  • This paper addresses what amount of whole-body vibration is exposed to pilots of UH60 helicopters during flight. To measure the whole-body exposed from the feet and seat, the 12-axis vibration measurement system was used. It enables simultaneous measurement of vibration exposure from the body contact area of the feet, hip and back. The measured 12-axis vibration signals are exploited to the comfort level of UH60 helicopters during flight. It is shown that the evaluated ride value is close to $0.74{\sim}0.79m/s^2$ and that it is equivalent to the semantic scale of 'fairly uncomfortable'. To assess the health effects of whole-body vibration exposed to pilots of UH60 helicopters during their flight, the rms-based and VDV(vibration dose value)-based evaluation results of measured four-axis vibration signals are shown in this work. The fatigue-decreased proficiency limit, whose level is half of the exposure limit, is expected to come after the two-hour flight. The exposure limit is shown to reach after the 10-hour flight.

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승용차 운전자의 전신진동노출에 대한 피로-감소숙달 경계 (Fatigue-Decreased Proficiency(FDP) Boundary for Whole-Body Vibration Exposure in Passenger Car Driver)

  • 정재열;이기남
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.1211-1216
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    • 2002
  • To evaluate whole-body vibration(WBV) exposure and fatigue-decreased proficiency(FDP) boundary in passenger car driver, several roads in Busan were divided into 3 types by the condition of road surface; Road 1 was partially damaged, Road 2 was normal without damage, and Road 3 was better than Road 2. The results were following: The highest passenger driver's exposures to whole-body vibration acceleration and fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary at 40km/h were 0.108m/s² and about 2099 minutes in Road 2 for xh axis, 0.134m/s² and about 1585 minutes in Road 2 for yh axis, and 0.183m/s² and about 1053 minutes in Road 2 for zh axis, respectively. The highest passenger driver's exposures to whole-body vibration acceleration and fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary at 80km/h were 0.219m/s² and about 830 minutes in Road 3 xh axis, 0.203m/s² and about 918 minutes in Road 3 for yh axis, and 0.622m/s² and about 195 minutes in Road 1 for zh axis, respectively. The highest vector sums of whole-body vibration exposure at 40km/h and 804km/h were 0.328m/s² in Road 2 and 0.730m/s² in Road 1, respectively. The highest crest factors at 40km/h were 4.25 in Road 1 for xh, 4.51 in Road 3 for yh, and 5.81 in Road 2 for zh, respectively. The highest crest factors at 80km/h were 5.57 in Road 1 for xh, 5.60 in Road 2 for yh, and 6.46 in Road 3 for zh, respectively. The highest transmissibilities of whole-body vibration from floor to seat at 40km/h and 80km/h were 0.89 in Road 3 and 0.82 in Road 3 for xh axis, 0.83 in Road 3 and 0.87 in Road 1 and 2 for yh, and 0.80 in Road 2 and 0.92 in Road 1 tor zh axis, respectively. The highest fatigue-decreased proficiency boundaries for whole-body vibration exposure of passenger car driver in floor and seat were 457 minutes in Road 3 and 583 minutes in Road 3 at 40km/h and 159 minutes in Road 2 and 251 minutes in Road 2 at 80km/h, respectively.

Whole-Body Vibration Exposure vis-à-vis Musculoskeletal Health Risk of Dumper Operators Compared to a Control Group in Coal Mines

  • Kumar, Vivekanand;Palei, Sanjay K.;Karmakar, Netai C.;Chaudhary, Dhanjee K.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.73-77
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    • 2022
  • Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure of coal mine dumper operators poses numerous health hazards. The case-control study was aimed at assessing the relative musculoskeletal health risk of dumper operators' exposure to WBV with reference to the nonexposed group. Methods: Measurements of WBV exposure were taken at the operator-seat interface using a human vibration analyzer for 110 dumper operators in three coal mines. This vibration measurement was supplemented by a questionnaire survey of 110 dumper operators exposed to WBV and an equal number of workers not exposed to WBV. The relative risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has been assessed through the case-control study design. Results: ISO guidelines were used to compare the health risk. It was observed that the prevalence of pain in the lower back was 2.52 times more in the case group compared to the control group. The case group of Mine-2 was 2.0 times more prone to vibration hazards as compared to Mine-3. Conclusion: The case group is more vulnerable to MSDs than the control group. The on-site measurement as well as the response of the dumper operators during the questionnaire survey corroborates this finding.

Inhalation Toxicity of Bisphenol A and Its Effect on Estrous Cycle, Spatial Learning, and Memory in Rats upon Whole-Body Exposure

  • Chung, Yong Hyun;Han, Jeong Hee;Lee, Sung-Bae;Lee, Yong-Hoon
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.165-171
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    • 2017
  • Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in a polymerization reaction in the production of polycarbonate plastics. It has been used in many consumer products, including plastics, polyvinyl chloride, food packaging, dental sealants, and thermal receipts. However, there is little information available on the inhalation toxicity of BPA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine its inhalation toxicity and effects on the estrous cycle, spatial learning, and memory. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, and $90mg/m^3$ BPA, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum chemistry, estrous cycle parameters, performance in the Morris water maze test, and organ weights, as well as gross and histopathological findings, were compared between the control and BPA exposure groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in serum chemistry and organ weights upon exposure to BPA. However, there was no BPA-related toxic effect on the body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, estrous cycle, performance in the Morris water maze test, or gross or histopathological lesions in any male or female rats in the BPA exposure groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for BPA in rats is above $90mg/m^3$/6 hr/day, 5 days/week upon 8-week exposure. Furthermore, BPA did not affect the estrous cycle, spatial learning, or memory in rats.

The Effect of Sub-chronic Whole-Body Exposure to a 1,950 MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Hippocampus in the Mouse Brain

  • Son, Yeonghoon;Jeong, Ye Ji;Kwon, Jong Hwa;Choi, Hyung-Do;Pack, Jeong-Ki;Kim, Nam;Lee, Yun-Sil;Lee, Hae-June
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.151-157
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    • 2015
  • The increasing use of mobile phones has raised public concern about the possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on the human brain. To investigate the potential effect of RF-EMF exposure on the brain, we examined the behaviors and hippocampal morphology of C57BL/6 mice after sub-chronic exposure to RF-EMFs with a relatively high SAR level (5.0 W/kg). We applied a 2-hour daily exposure of WCDMA 1,950 MHz using a reverberation chamber that was designed for whole-body exposure for 60 days. In the behavioral tests, RF-EMF did not alter the physical activity or long-term memory of mice. Moreover, no alteration was found in the neuronal and glial cells in the hippocampus by RF-EMFs. In this study, we showed that sub-chronic whole body RF exposure did not produce memory impairment and hippocampal morphological alteration in C57BL/6 mice.

전신계측기를 이용한 원전종사자의 $^{131}I$ 내부방사능 측정 경험 및 개선방향에 대한 연구 (The Whole Body Counting Experience on the Internal Contamination of $^{131}I$ at Korean Nuclear Power Plants)

  • 김희근;공태영
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 2009
  • 국내 원전의 계획예방정비기간중에 원자로계통의 개방과정에서 원자로건물내 공기 중으로 누설된 $^{131}I$의 채내 흡입으로 원전 종사자의 내부피폭이 발생하였다. 이에 따라 원전에서 보유하고 있는 전신계측기(Whole Body Counter)를 이용하여 방사선작업 종료 후 즉시 원전종사자의 체내에 침적된 내부방사능을 측정하였고, 수일 경과 후 재측정하였다. 이러한 전신계측결과를 이용한 섭취량 산정 값을 원전종사자가 출입한 원자로 건물 내 공기 중의 $^{131}I$ 방사능 농도 측정결과와 원자로건물 출입기록에 근거하여 계산된 $^{131}I$ 채내 섭취량과 비교 평가하였다. 그 결과 전신계측기를 이용한 채내 방사능측정 결과와 공기중 농도를 이용한 섭취량 산정 결과는 비교적 잘 일치하는 것으로 평가되였다.

Bed-type과 Stand-type 상용 전신계수기(Whole Body Counter)의 성능 비교 (Performance Comparison of Bed-type and Stand-type Commercial Whole Body Counter Made by Canberra for Internal Exposure Monitoring)

  • 김봉기;하위호;권태은;박민석;이준호;김종민;이상경;정규환
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제41권5호
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    • pp.437-444
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    • 2018
  • Whole-Body counters have been used to evaluate the internal contamination of gamma emitting radionuclides. Among the whole-body counters used in domestic nuclear facilities, Fastscan made by CANBERRA contains 2 NaI(Tl) detectors and is generally used to monitor the primary internal exposure. It has the advantage of achieving MDA even with short time measurements. Accuscan is a bed type, and has good energy resolution because it is composed of HPGe detector. Since the Accuscan with better energy resolution than Fastscan has better able to identify radionuclides, it is used to monitor secondary internal exposure. Some nuclear facilities have only Fastscan. We analyzed statistically whether Fastscan is enough to ensure accuracy and precision comparing with Accuscan. To do this, we prepared a CRM created by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. We also obtained the data of 6 Fastscans and 5 Accuscans in domestic nuclear facilities. As a result of the study, although Fastscan compared with Accuscan is not as accurate as the Accuscan, the precision is statistically same. However, accuracy of Fastscan is in compliance with international standards except low energy range. In terms of accuracy and precision except radionuclides emitting low energy, it is possible to measure radioactivity inside workers even in nuclear facilities where only Fastscan is used.