• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the various stage of growth on dry matter yield and chmical composition of forage oat(Avena sativa. L.). Seeds were planted on March 13 1993 on the Livestock Experimental Farm Keiymung junior college at keongsan Keongsangbukdo. Oat plant were harvested at various stages of maturity while the oat was in the premature stages. 1. Whole plant dry matter increased with advancing maturity. It was 11.8, 12.3, 14.9, 25.6 and 28.8% at before flag leaf emerged, flag leaf emerged, heads emerged, milk and dough stage., respectively. Dry matter increased very little during from before flag leaf emerged to heads emerged, after which it increased rapidly until the plant was dough stage. 2. Leaf weight ratio decreased with advancing maturity from before flag leaf emerged to dough, varied fmm 58 to 1 1%. Grain(with lemma, palea) increased with advancing maturity from heads emerged to dough, varied from 7 to 43%. 3. The content of cmde protein decreased during the stages of growth until milk(P<.OS), and then changed very little with advancing maturity. 4. The content of NDF and ADF increased rapidly during the early growth period until heading(P<.05) and then decreased due to the increase in carbohydrate storage in the grain. 5. The dry matter yields per ha increased with advancing maturity, it was 2,420, 4,380, 7,190, 13,130 and 14,530kg at before flag leaf emerged, flag leaf emerged, heads emerged, milk and early dough, respectively. Significant difference has been obtained among stages of growth(P< .05). 6. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that milk stage of maturity is higher in dry matter yields would be recomendable for spring oat for silage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2003

Objective: This study was conducted for the nationwide statistical survey of poison exposure to provide the rationale for establishing and developing the poison control center (PCC) in Korea. Design: Study group for Korea PCC in National Medical Center reviewed the medical literature on poison exposure of Korea from death reports of National Statistical Office (NSO), the toxic exposure statistics from the report of National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), and poison related data from 119 ambulance services (FD) for the purpose of obtaining the poison and its related data. We also conducted questionnaire from the expert who work in emergency medicine department at the designated 320 emergency medical centers in Korea for the preparedness and acknowledgement about necessity of PCC and their need for that. Results: We reviewed the reliable data from the death report of NSO, poison exposure data from NHIC, and running report from FD. Poisoning death occured at home ($36.7\%$) and hospital ($46.3\%$). Poisoning are more common in rural area than the city area. Patients were seen more frequently in the local clinics than in any hospital. The drugs ($45.7\%$) and pesticide ($18.1\%$) are common poison. Common place to poison exposure were residential area ($39.9\%$), industry ($9\%$). mass residential area ($7\%$). and farm ($6\%$). The education level were primary school ($33.2\%$), high school ($23.7\%$), and middle schol ($21.3\%$) in order. We have to provide the poison guideline for lay public to understand easily, and for medical experts. The medical facilities need to be invested and have more interest for toxicology. All medical staff who work in the designated emergency medical center want PCC to establish. They want to have poison information from hospital ($91.3\%$), regional poison information center ($45.0\%$), regional poison control center ($52.5\%$), nationwide poison information center ($48.8\%$), nationwide poison control center ($46.25\%$), as a role of poison control center. They also want that pcc have poison epidemiologic study and statstics, training program for the experts, registration of rare case of posion on website, reflection of policies to activities for antidote production etc., speedy consultation system for poison analysis, public education, establishment of both regional and national pee, etc. Conclusion: Poison center must be established to provide poison information for all the public and medical experitise, focusing rural area and private clinic, to detoxify, to reduce the cost, time, morbity, and mortality through the whole country.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.415-419
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• 1999

Cladobotryum varium infects the fruitbody of Flammulina velutipes during its cultivation. In the early stage of infection, white mycelia of C. varium partially attacked young fruitbody and eventually killed whole fruitbody during fruitbodies development. White fungi pathogen isolated from F. velutipes cultivation farm were investigated in pathogenicity and morphological feautres. The pathogen was identified as Cladobotryum varium. In asexual stage, $2{\sim}4$ conidiophores formed, $8.5{\sim}10.0{\times}16.1{\sim}17.0\;{\mu}m$ long and conidiospores with single septum were shaped in chains, $32.8{\sim}50.4\;{\mu}m$ in size. Size of chlamydospores were $12.7{\sim}18.0{\times}17.7{\times}48.1\;{\mu}m$ with $1{\sim}4$ septa.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2016

This study was performed to assess the microbiological quality of Brassica campestris var. narinosa microgreen from harvesting and processing steps. The samples were analyzed for total viable cell counts (TVC), coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The total viable counts of microgreen (whole leaves) and environment samples from harvesting steps were higher than 6.8 log CFU/g and the contamination level of coliforms in the samples were 3.2 log CFU/g and 3.5 log CFU/g of microgreen and soil, respectively. In case of microgreen samples collected from processing steps, the contamination level of TVC and coliforms were higher in raw materials than samples obtained from later stages of processing, i.e. washing, drain, and final products. The contamination levels of B. cereus in raw materials and environments decreased approximately 1.4 log CFU/g in final products. S. aureus was detected in soil samples but Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and pathogenic E. coli was not detected. In order to identify the sources of contamination for microgreen, the genetic similarity of B. cereus isolates obtained from harvesting and processing steps were compared using the repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction method. B. cereus isolates obtained from harvesting environments and microgreen were clustered with a similarity greater than 95%. In case of B. cereus isolates obtained from microgreen and environmental samples at processing steps showed low genetic similarity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

A field experiment with 200, 400 and 600kg-N/ha/year application levels was carried out to study the nitrate nitrogen accumulation of sorghum sudangrass hybrids(Xtragraze II and Civa 1990) at Iksan College Farm in 1995. The nitrate nitrogen content of Xtragraze II and Civa 1990 was increased by the application of nitrogen and decreased as the plant matured, then the nitrate nitrogen content was below the toxic level of ruminant at the level of 200kg-N application during the whole growing period. The nitrate nitrogen content of Xtragraze II and Civa 1990 exceeded the safe level of ruminant at the level of 400kg-N application, and that in Xtragraze II decreased at the low level in the later stage of growth, but that in Civa 1990 was almost kept constantly at the same level. The nitrate nitrogen accumulation of Civa 1990 had a greater tendency than that of Xtragraze II. A sum exceeding 200kg-N does not necessarily result in increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen in sorghum sudangrass hybrids. It is suggested that 400kg-N application may results in toxic level of nitrate nitrogen, and special attention must be given in feeding them.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-168
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• 1995

It is a common wisdom that the long-term economic development of Korea chiefly depends not only on the steady increase of the capital formation but also on the stable increase of the national saving. And also it is a widely accepted opinion that household saving plays a significant role for the smooth supply of investment funds. For the empirical analysis on the determining factors of household saving, consumption function of the household of Korea was utilized indirectly. The reason is that consumption function is regarded as a stable function whereas saving function is considered to be an unstable function of the relevant independent variables. In order to carry out the regression process of the consumption functions, data on the family income and expenditure survey and the farm household economy survey was used. The regression result could be summarized as follows : Firstly, household income and the number of the employed in the household have the negative effect in determining the consumption ratio of the Korean households. On the other hand, ages and the educational attainment of the household heads as well as the number of the household members have the positive effect. During the early part of 21st century, the consumption ratio of the Korean households is expected to be decreased because of the increasing trend of household income, and the ever increasing number of the employed member of the household based on the increasing trend of the labor force participation rate of women and the decrease of the average size of the number of household members owing to widespread nuclear family system. On the other hand, the consumption ratio of the household of Korea is expected to be increased because of the continuous increase of the average ages of the household heads caused by the population aging phenomena and improvement of the educational attainment of the household heads. But on the whole, household saving ratio is expected to be increased owing to the secular downward trend of the consumption and therefore no significant difficulties are anticipated for the smooth provision of investment resources needed to have long-term economic progress of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

This study was conducted to establish a comprehensive grading guideline for poultry. Guidelines for sampling size and grading were determined on the basis of survey data obtained from chicken processing house. Results were summarized as follows : For application unit, most chicken processing house preferred lot unit to farm unit. Most processing house did not want the total survey method, but selection sampling. At the beginning of the grading system, chicken processing house wanted to apply the system to a particular lots for which the company requests. There were much suggestions for grading not only portion meat, but also whole chicken. Bigger processing house preferred no. $8\~12$ to be graded. Most of large-scale processing houses used more than 81 volts for stunning and cooling tanks by soaking. For shipping chicken, Large-scale processing houses used both individual and box packing while small ones only used box packing.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2000

This research has been done to investigate influence of soil physical and chemical properties on forest environmental change by fired pine forest in Koseong, Kangwondo. The sample sites were divided by not-fired sites(NF), not-cutting site after fired(FNC), cutting and planting sites after fired(FCP) and cutting and not-planting sites after fired(FC). Soil texture of whole sites was sandy clay loam. Sand content of NF top soil were lower than those of sub soil and clay content were higher, while FNC, FCP and FC sand content of top soil were higher than those of sub soil. Total porosity didn't differ between the sites. Coarse porosity and permeability had the increasing order as NF> FNC> FCP> FC, but fine porosity and bulk density had the opposite trends. Because forest fire removed the vegetation and then soil erosion was accelerated, forest environmental changes by forest fire greatly degraded soil porosity and permeability which were indices for forest water retention, so that soil physical properties were deteriorated. Both top and sub soil pHs of NF and FNC were higher than those of FCP and FC. Organic matter content and total nitrogen content of top and sub soils were high in order as NF> FNC> FCP> FC. Cation exchange capacities and exchangeable cation(K+, Na+, $Ca^2$+, $Mg^2$+) content in top soils were higher than those in sub soils, and in order as NF> FNC> FCP> FC, to be compared by the sites. Those mean that forest fire result from the erosion of top soil layers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 1997

This study was carried out to find the physico-chemical properties of soils and the rice growth at the pilot project rice farm of Buchanan city, Liberia. The results were as follows. Soils were classified as Plinthic Ferralsols. Real tropical soils had an oxic B horizon of 30cm thick with diffused horizon boundaries. The surface soils have Ochric A horizon with low organic matter. Plinthite was distributed throughout the whole soil profile unevenly. Exposed to sun light, Plinthite was dried out, hardened, and developed irreversibly into ironstone. There were 286 termite hills in 20ha in the project area. The pH value of the termite hills was higher than that of the ordinary soil two units. Soils of the termite hills had higher contents of carbon, nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable bases, especially calcium(2,000mg/kg). Available Fe contents was 230~330mg/kg in the surface soil, and 2,200mg/kg in the subsoil. This caused bronzing of rice in a few days after transplanting. The tolerance of Fe toxicity was lower in Korean cultivars than in Liberian cultivars. The tolerant cultivar was Hangang among Korean cultivars and Nizersail and Suakoko 8 among Liberian cultivars. Area weighted average percolation rate was 8.3mm/day and infiltration rate was 2~2.5mm/hr.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental levels of Bamboo vinegar (BV) on meat quality characteristics of Hanwoo. A total of 15 cows $(400.0\pm15.0\;kg)$ was fed with a commercial diet (control) or $3\%$ bamboo vinegar supplemented diets $(3\%\;BV),\;6\%$ BV for four months. Then, cows were slaughtered and M. longissimus dorsi (LD) was collected from each treatment group During storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 21day, physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics were determined It increased (p<0.05) in at 3 and 9 days of the refrigeration storage. Hunter a value decreased (p<0.05) in the meat fed with $3\%\;and\;6\%$ BV at 1, 3 and 9 days. Hunter b value increased (p<0.05) in $3\%\;and\;6\%$ BV at 1 and 3 days. TBA and total bacterial count were significantly (p<0.05) low in $3\%\;and\;6\%$ BV at 1 and 3 days. Supplementation of $3\%\;or\;6\%$ BV showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cooking loss at 9 and 15 days. $3\%\;and\;6\%$ BV showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in shear force at 1, 3 and 9 days; it tended to decrease throughout the whole storage period The treatments $3\%\;and\;6\%$ BV scored high in area of taste; taste increased significantly (p<0.05) at 1 and 3 days.