• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2015

An underwater sound surveillance system detects and tracks enemy ships in real-time using hydrophone arrays, in which seabed-mounted sensor arrays play a pivotal role. In this paper the conceptual design of seabed-mounted, cylindrical hydrophone arrays for use in shallow coastal waters is performed via finite element calculations. To stabilize the receiving characteristics under the ocean ambient noise, a technique for whitening the ambient noise spectrum using a metal baffle is proposed. Optimization of the array configuration is performed to achieve the directivity in the vertical and azimuthal directions. And the effects of the sonar dome shape and material on the structural vibration and sound scattering properties are studied. It is demonstrated that a robust hydrophone array, having a sensitivity deviation less than 4 dB over the frequency range of interest, can be obtained through the whitening of the ambient noise, the optimization of the array configuration, and the design of acoustically transparent sonar domes.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.308-317
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• 2020

S. komarovii is halophyte that grows in soil or waters of high salinity, such as in saline semi-deserts, sloughs and seashores. Traditionally, S. komarovii has been used for food and medicinal purposes in Korea. S. komarovii was extracted in 70% ethanol to measure anti-oxidative activity using DPPH and ABTS assay. The IC₅₀ values of the S. komarovii extract against DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals were 186.10 mg/mL and 121.89 mg/mL. In addition, total polyphenol and reducing power were measured. The S. komarovii extract exhibited superior polyphenolic (22.5%) and antioxidant (28.4%) contents. Regarding cell bioactivity, MTT assay was conducted to reveal cytotoxicity of S. komarovii extract and showed the non-cytotoxicity of S. komarovii extract. Anti-inflammatory and skin whitening effects were measured at 100 ㎍/mL. Therefore, this study suggests that the S. komarovii extract can be used as a functional cosmetic product material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the biological activities, including the total polyphenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and tyrosinase inhibition activities, of various cultivars of unripe peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch). The results indicate that the total polyphenolic content (gallic acid equivalent mg/g) was the highest in Yumefuji among six-cultivars (Takinosawa Gold, Kawanakawase Hakuto, Madoka, Yumefuji, Nagasawa Hakuho, and Hong Bak) of unripe peaches, whereas it was the lowest in Madoka. Antioxidant effects of unripe peaches were determined in three different in vitro bioassays measuring DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and reducing power activity. In the results, antioxidant activity was also higher in Yumefuji than other cultivars. Tyrosinase inhibition activity ranged from 4.65% to 8.58%, and Hong Bak displayed the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity, although the difference was not significant. This study will provide information on antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities for the development of natural compounds as functional cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2015

Oleanolic acid is known as which anti-cancer, anti-sinhaeng angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects. We focused on the antioxidant activity of oleanolic acid was separated from the natural plant and It was confirmed that the whitening effect. In this study, oleanolic acid was stabilized by polyglyceryl surfactant which from natural origin with only a simple stirring operation, and compared with lecithin liposome that was manufactured with high cost facility. The transdermal transition rate of 0.4% oleanolic acid polyglyceryl nanoemulsion was 95%, and it was simillar with lecithin liposome of 92%. 65% of 3hr transdermal transition rate of polyglyceryl nanoemulsion indicate charistiristcs of quick release, compared with 45% of lecithin liposome's 3hr transdermal transition rate. In the in-vivo clinical trial test, polyglyceryl nanoemulsion of 0.4% oleanolic acid was higher 25% in 2nd week, 58% in 4th and 8th weeks than non-added oleanolic acid emulsion.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects of mixed extract from korean medicinal herbs (MIX) on oxidation/reduction reaction-related and aging-related enzyme in vitro. Methods : We performed MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. Results : Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. The MIX showed 97% inhibition of collagenase activity, and 64% inhibition of elastase activity at 1 mg/ml concentration of MIX, next only to positive control, which indicate good efficacy for anti-wrinkle ingredient. Also it's treatment showed 34% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, to relate whitening effect, at the same dose of MIX. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting activity and SOD-like activity. Also these scavenging, XO-inhibiting and SOD-like activities were measured in 91%, 80%, and 63% inhibition, respectively, at a treated dose of 1 mg/ml, compare to control. Conclusions : These results suggest that possibility of mixed korean medicinal herbs as a functional ingredient for anti-wrinkle and whitening, anti-oxidation and anti-aging cosmetic formula.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2016

Eruca sativa (known as rocket plant) is a member of the Brassicaceae, which is considered an important chemo-preventive plant family. Although Eruca sativa has positive biological effects such as antioxidant and renal protective activities, the effect of the Eruca sativa extract as a therapeutic agent for skin whitening has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the applicability of the extract of Eruca sativa as a functional materials by examining the its physiological activities. The Eruca sativa extract showed low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. At concentrations (below 100 mg/L) that showed none or little cytotoxicity, the Eruca sativa extract showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity (ID50, 17.60 mg/L). In addition, the Eruca sativa extract inhibited tyrosinase activity ($ID_{50}$, 132.54 mg/L) and decreased melanin content ($ID_{50}$, 158.90 mg/L). Finally, the treatment with the Eruca sativa extract suppressed the protein expression of tyrosinase in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggested that the Eruca sativa extract inhibited melanin synthesis by not only suppressing intracellular tyrosinase expression but also directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Therefore, these results indicate that the Eruca sativa extract may be an effective material for functional cosmetics such as skin whitening materials.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the cosmetic application of Acer mono sap through an ultra-high pressure process. Exposing Acer mono sap to a ultra-high pressure process resulted in 90.1% cell viability of human normal fibroblast cells (CCD-986sk) when added at the highest concentration. Acer mono sap also showed the hightest free radical scavenging activity after the ultra high pressure process. The melanogenesis inhibition rate in cloned M-3 cells was 59.0%. Tyrosinase was inhibited at a rate of 87.2% by adding 100% HPAMS. Anti-wrinkle activity was 78.1%. Acer mono sap showed enhanced storage following the ultra high pressure process. These results indicate that Acer mono sap may be a source for functional cosmetic agents capable of improving antioxidant, whitening, and antiwrinkling effects.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2010

The present study aims to evaluate Cordyceps militaris water extract (CMWE) with a view to develop melanogenesis inhibitors. Inhibitory activities of CMWE against tyrosinase, L-DOPA(L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) oxidation, and melanin biosynthesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells were investigated. CMWE, at $5000\;{\mu}g/ml$, inhibited tyrosinase activity of 71% and DOPA oxidation of 40% as reacting with L-DOPA. Furthermore, B16 mouse melanoma cell survived over 50% from low to high dose on MTT assay, and CMWE markedly inhibited (> 50%) melanin synthesis at $5000\;{\mu}g/ml$. The inhibitory effect of CMWE on melanogenesis was attributed to enhancement of tyrosinase degradation. Key enzyme of melanin biosynthesis is tyrosinase which catalyses a beginning step from tyrosine to DOPA quinine and melanin formation step, respectively. These results indicated that CMWE may be a potential source of novel whitening agents for cosmetic or therapeutic application.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 2014

The anti-melanogenic substance was isolated from the root of Angelica gigas Nakai by silica gel column chromatography, preparative HPLC and TLC. As a result of the structure analysis by mass, $^1H$-NMR, and $^{13}C$-NMR spectrometry, the compound was identified as demethylsuberosin. Demethylsuberosin reduced melanin contents of B16F1 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased to about 74% at a concentration $5{\mu}g/ml$. Demethylsuberosin inhibited the expression in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) in melanocytes. These results suggest that the whitening activity of demethylsuberosin may be due to the inhibition of the melanin synthesis by down-regulation of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 expression. Thus, our results provide evidence that demethylsuberosin might be useful as a potential skin-whitening agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the effect of ethanol extracts from Gentianae scabrae bunge (GSB) on the activities of antioxidant, whitening and anti-inflammation. Viability of cells was measured by neutral red (NR) assay, and inhibitory effects of GSB on melanin synthesis was determined the melanin production in B16F10 cells. The expression level of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in media was analyzed by ELISA kit, and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. GSB showed highly efficacy in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and significantly reduced melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells. MMP-1 production in UVB-stimulated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells was inhibited by GSB treatments. NO production was suppressed by the treatment of GSB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. From this results, it was indicated that GSB could be utilized as anti-aging and whitening cosmetic ingredients.