• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2014

The twenty-one individuals of Meretrix lusoria were secured from Gunsan, Shinan and Yeonggwang on the coast of the Yellow Sea and the southern sea in the Korean Peninsula, respectively. Amplification of a single COI fragment (720 bp) was imagined, and no apparent size differences were observed in amplified fragments between Meretrix lusoria and M. petechialis individuals. The size of the DNA fragments also varied excitedly, from 200 to 1,600 bp. The oligonucleotides primer BION-08 produced the least loci (a total of 17), with an average of 2.43 in the Gunsan population, in comparison to the other primers used. Remarkably, the primer BION-13 detected 42 shared loci by the three populations, major and/or minor fragments of sizes 200 bp and 400 bp, respectively, which were identical in all samples. The dendrogram gained by the seven oligonucleotides primers highlight three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (GUNSAN 01 ~ GUNSAN 07), cluster 2 (SHINAN 08 ~ SHINAN 14) and cluster 3 (YEONGGWANG 15 ~ YEONGGWANG 21). The longest genetic distance among the twenty-one Meretrix lusoria individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals GUNSAN no. 01 and SHINAN no. 14 (genetic distance = 0.574). Comparatively, individuals of SHINAN population were fairly closely related to that of YEONGGWANG population. In this study, PCR analysis has discovered significant genetic distances between two white clam population pairs (P<0.05).

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2012

Genomic DNAs (gDNAs) were isolated from the hard clam ($Meretrix$ $lusoria$, Roding, 1798) populations of Gunsan located in the Yellow Sea of the Korean peninsula. Genetic distances among different individuals of the LSCP (light shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 1-11), GSCP (grey shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 12-22) and DSCP (dark shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 23-33), respectively, were generated using Systat version 10 according to the bandsharing values and similarity matrix. The dendrogram, generated by seven reliable oligonucleotides primers, indicates 3 genetic clusters. LSCP population could be evidently discriminated with the other two populations among three populations. The longest genetic distance (0.801) was found to exist between individuals in the two populations, between individuals' no. 33 of the DSCP population and no. 06 of the LSCP population. The higher fragment sizes (>2,000 bp) are much more observed in the GSCP population. Three hard clam populations can be clearly distinguished, especially, by their morphological characters and PCR-based approach.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2015

Shell waste from the butter clam Saxidomus purpuratus and littleneck clam Ruditapes philippinarum is a large by-product of shellfish aquaculture, and it is desirable to convert it into value-added products for industrial applications. In this study, calcium carbonate (CaC) polymorphs from butter clam (BCSP) and littleneck clam (LCSP) shell powders and commercial CaC were characterized using Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the optimal calcination conditions to eliminate organic substances and improve solubility for both BCSP and LCSP were $800^{\circ}C$ for 8 h in an electrical furnace. Calcination improved the white index of the butter clam (BCCP) and littleneck clam (LCCP) calcined powder compared with shell powders. The calcium content in BCCP (51.1%) was higher than that of LCCP (44.9%) or commercial calcium oxide (CaO, 44.7%). The XRD patterns of BCCP and LCCP were similar to that of CaO. Cubic-like crystals of CaC and irregular crystals of BCCP and LCCP were observed by SEM. The FT-IR and XRD analyses revealed the presence of calcite and aragonite in the BCSP and aragonite in the LCSP, whereas the CaC contained calcite. These results indicate that butter and littleneck clam shells are potential biomass resources for calcium carbonate and calcium oxide.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.505-505
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• 2000

Perkinsus sp. has been identified as responsible organism for the decrease in Manil clam production along the west and south coast of Korea. Monthly investigation on infection intensity and pathology of Perkinsus infected Manila clam population was carried out in Komsoe Bay located in the west coast during February and December 1999. About one hundred clams were collected each month for the analysis. Infected clams were incubated in fluid thioglycollate media over a week, stained with iodine solution, digested with 2M NaOH and the number of Perkinsus present in an individual recorded. Histological slides were also prepared from infected clams and their pathologic symptoms were examined using a microscope. Trophozoites of Perkinsus sp. were dominantly distributed on gills and epithelia of digestive glands however a few numbers could be detected at siphons and foot tissues. Heavily infected clams often exhibited white spots on mantle and foot tissues due to the inflammatory reaction of the hemocytes, forming nodules. Trophozoites were also found along the connective tissues of follicles during spawning season indicating that Perkinsus sp. may disturb reproduction of the clam. Total number of Perkinsus sp. in an individual clam varied from none to 9, 550, 000 with a monthly mean of 279, 663 to 2, 198, 558 during the course of study. The number of Perkinsus sp. in the clam was found to lowest durin July and August when unusually low salinity was recorded in this area due to the heavy rain. Highest monthly infection intensity in terms of total number of Perkinsus sp. i clam was observed in February, when water temperature recorded as lowest during the study. Small size of clams with shell length of ten mm or less were not infected with Perkinsus sp. It was concluded that Perkinsus infection in Manila clam is in pa controlled by changes in salinity and clam growth; low salinity environment minimize infection intensity while tile clams get more Perkinsus as they grow.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1998

매년 폐사가 발생해 온 서해안 연안의 고창과 태안에서 채집한 양식 바지락에서 복합포자충류인 Perkinsus sp.가 관찰되었다. 기생충에 감염된 바지락은 육안적으로 아가미와 육질의 표면에서 유백색의 결절이 나타났다. 기생충의 영양체는 편재된 핵을 가지고 있으며, 아가미와 외투막, 간 췌장, 생식소 조직에서 이분열에 의해 증식하며, 육아종의 형성과 혈구의 침윤을 유발하였다. 감염된 바지락을 FTM에 배양한 결과 영양체의 크기가 커지면서 루골용액에 의해 검게 염색된 구형의 유주자낭들 형성하였다. Perkinsus sp.의 평균 감염율은 9개월의 조사 기간 동안 고창이 73.1%, 태안이 94.8%로 나타났으며, 감염율은 각장의 크기가 클수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Hemacolor kit는 바지락의 대량폐사와 밀접한 연관이 있는 Perkinsus sp.의 영양체의 신속진단에 유용한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2016

To facilitate the effective use of butter clam shell as a natural calcium resource, we determined the optimal conditions for calcium lactate (BCCL) preparation with high solubility using response surface methodology (RSM). The polynomial models developed by RSM for pH, solubility and yield were highly effective in describing the relationships between factors (P<0.05). Increased molar ratios of calcined powder (BCCP) from butter clam shell led to reduced solubility, yield, color values and overall quality. The critical values of multiple response optimization to independent variables were 1.75 M and 0.94 M for lactic acid and BCCP, respectively. The actual values (pH 7.23, 97.42% for solubility and 423.22% for yield) under optimization conditions were similar to the predicted values. White indices of BCCLs were in the range of 86.70–90.86. Therefore, organic acid treatment improved color value. The buffering capacity of BCCLs was strong, at pH 2.82 to 3.80, upon the addition of less than 2 mL of 1 N HCl. The calcium content and solubility of BCCLs were 6.2–16.7 g/100 g and 93.6-98.5%, respectively. Fourier transform analysis of infrared spectroscopy data identified BCCL as calcium lactate pentahydrate, and the analysis of microstructure by field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed an irregular form.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.888-895
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• 2015

패류의 주된 가공부산물인 패각은 주성분이 불용성의 탄산 칼슘으로, 이를 천연 칼슘소재로 활용하기 위해 개조개 패각의 소성분말로부터 가용성 개선 유기산(초산) 처리 칼슘 제조의 최적조건을 구명하고자 하였다. 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 제조한 11개의 시제 초산칼슘의 pH, 용해도 및 수율로부터 구명한 최적 반응조건은 초산 2.70 M 비율에 대하여 개조개 소성분말 1.05 M이었으며, 이의 최적조건을 적용한 개조개 초산칼슘의 실측 pH, 용해도 및 수율은 각각 pH 7.04, 93.0% 및 267.5%로 예측치와 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 시제 초산칼슘의 완충능은 pH 4.88~4.92 범위였으며, 칼슘 함량과 용해도는 20.7~22.8 g/100 g과 97.2~99.6%였다. FT-IR, XRD 분석 및 FESEM을 통한 미세구조는 비정형 결정으로 calcium acetate monohydrate로 확인되었다. 개조개 패각은 칼슘소재뿐만 아니라 가용성을 높인 유기산 칼슘으로 칼슘강화용 식품소재로의 이용 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

We report on the diagnosis, pathology, and taxonomy of Perkinsus sp. infection in Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) from Korean waters. Amplimers were designed from internal portions of the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) of P. atlanticus for molecular diagnosis of Perkinsus infection. PCR-based identification methods and an in situ hybridization assay were developed for detection of Perkinsus sp. in live tissues as well as in histological preparations. Hybridization signals were observed around the nucleus of trophozoites. Positive results from PCR and in situ hybridization indicated that Korean Perkinsus sp. is genetically identical with P. atlanticus reported in Europe, which is currently synonymous with P. olseni reported from Australia. Microscopic morphological features of different lift stages of Perkinsus sp. appeared very similar to those of P. atlanticus. Severely infected clams often exhibited white nodules on their mantles and gills as a consequence of inflammation. In lightly to moderately infected clams, Perkinsus sp. was mainly found in gill tissues, whereas the protozoan parasites were found in digestive tracts, gonadal tissues, and foot tissues of heavily infected clams. It is likely that the gills are the portal of the infection and that P. olseni spreads to other tissues as the infection advances. In conclusion, by considering the taxonomic priority of P. olseni, Korean Perkinsus sp. is accepted as P. olseni. P. olseni appears to be common on tidal flats on the western and southern Korean coasts and is considered to be a pathogen capable of causing mass mortality of clams.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2016

조선시대 의궤 16책에 수록되어 있는 궁중음식 중 전유화(煎油花)에 대하여 문헌 고찰하였다. 조선왕조 궁중음식의 전유화는 주재료에 따라 분석한 결과 수어 & 생선이 16.0%로 가장 높았고, 간과 양이 각각 14.2%, 해삼 12.3%, 게(蟹: 해) 생합 천엽이 각각 4.7%, 돼지고기(저육) 낙지(락제) 각각 3.9%, 굴(석화) 꿩(생치) 닭(계) 각각 2.8%, 민어 골이 각각 2.0%, 오리(鴨子: 압자) 산비둘기(山鳩: 산구) 도비(都飛) 도미 백어 홍합 해란 메추리(순조) 계란 실임자 각각 0.9%순으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 전유화(煎油花)에 대한 새로운 조명과 메뉴개발을 통해 한식의 세계화에 기여하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용되기를 바란다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.219-234
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• 2014

박물관에서 소장품의 저산소 농도 살충처리를 위해, 직물, 염색 직물, 종이, 염색지 및 채색편의 색상 및 기계적 성질에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 저산소 농도 살충 조건은 질소 및 아르곤을 사용하여 조성한 산소 농도 0.01%, 온도($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$), 습도 50%, 살충 시간 30일이였다. 직물은 생견 직물, 자외선 열화 생견 직물, 정련 견직물, 자외선 열화 정련 견직물, 광목 및 자외선 열화 광목을 평가 대상으로 하였다. 천연염색 견직물과 면직물은 생쪽, 쪽, 홍화, 자초, 꼭두서니, 소목, 황벽, 울금, 치자, 황련, 괴화, 코치닐, 자광, 오리나무, 오배자, 밤피 및 쪽과 홍화 복염, 쪽과 황벽 복염, 쪽과 괴화 복염, 쪽과 소목 복염 등 천연염색 직물 각 20종이었다. 평가 대상 종이는 한지(닥지, 닥과 볏짚 혼합지), 화지(안피지), 면지, 린넨지, 면, 아마 및 마닐라삼 혼합지, 복사지, 신문지, 반수 닥지 등 9종이었다. 염색지는 한지에 쪽, 소목, 꼭두서니, 홍화, 치자, 황벽, 괴화로 천연염색한 것을 평가하였다. 채색편은 반수 한지와 반수 화견에 석청, 석록, 주사, 주, 석자황, 등황, 연단, 대자, 석간주, 니람, 연지(자광, 코치닐, 홍화, 꼭두서니), 뇌록, 스몰트, 울트라마린블루, 라피스라즈리, 프러시안블루, 백토, 연백, 호분(굴껍질 호분, 대합껍질 호분) 등 23종의 안료 분말을 아교물에 개어 도포한 것이었다. 평가 대상 재료에 대해 저산소 농도 살충처리 전후의 색차를 평가한 결과, 색차 ${\Delta}E^*$는 1.5 이하이거나 대조군보다 낮았으며, 직물 및 염색 직물의 살충처리 전후의 인장강도 변동률은 기준치 이하였다. 그리고 가스(질소와 아르곤)와 살충 온도에 따른 색차 및 인장강도 변동률에 대한 영향도 없었다.