• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of blood chemical values in 61 crossbred calves at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 9 weeks of age, respectively. The blood chemical values of calves with diarrhea were compared with those of normal calves, and blood chemical values were compared for groups of calves with weight gain divided into four ranges; up to 0.9 kg/wk and over 7.0 kg/wk. The results obtained in this study show that the mean values and standard deviation of red blood cell (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) of normal calves at 1 day of age (806.7$\pm $56.5 10$^{4}$/$\mu$l and 33.8$\pm $5.2 %) decreased at 1 week of age and increased at 2 and 4 weeks of age. The PCV of normal calves at 9 weeks of age (32.6$\pm $2.3 %) was significantly lower than that at 2 and 4 weeks of age (p<0.05). Total protein of normal calves at 1 day of age (6.8$\pm $0.5 g/100 ml) decreased to 6.4$\pm $0.6 g/100ml at 1 week and increased to 7.0$\pm $ 0.7 g/100 ml at 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of age, total protein tended to decrease gradually to 9 weeks of age. Glucose of normal calves at 9 weeks of age (78$\pm $4 mg/100 ml) was significantly lower than that at 1 week (110$\pm $8 mg/100 ml) (p<0.01). At all ages, RBC, white blood cell (WBC), PCV and fibrinogen of calves with diarrhea were higher than those of normal calves. RBC and PCV of calves with diarrhea at 1 week of age (929.7$\pm $39.7 10$^{4}$/$\mu$ and 42.3$\pm $0.4 % were significantly higher than those of normal calves at 1 week (786.4$\pm $80.9 10$^{4}$/$\mu$l and 32.2$\pm $3.8 %) (p< 0.05), which suggest that diarrhea at this age can be dangerous. The weekly weight gain was an average of 4.2 kg/wk from birth to 9weeks. RBC, PCV, fibrinogen, total protein and vitamin E of calves with weight gain more than 4.0kg/wk. From the above results we obtained eledata support the importance of providing high quality feed from 4 weeks to 9 weeks of age for satisfactory weight gain of calves.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2003

As the obesity has been known to be related with the hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, cerebral apoplexy, fatty liver, and other chronic diseases, recent researches have focused on the functional food materials and their anti-obesity activities. This study was performed to study the effects of vanilloid family capsaicin, major pungent ingredient of hot chillies and peppers, on anti-obesity activities. ICR male mice were fed one of the pellet diet, basal diet, and high fat diet with capsaicin (45 $\mu\textrm{g}$/day) solution for 5 days. Mice in the corresponding control groups were given water for 5 days. In results, capsaicin reduced body weights in any diet groups. Percent weight and cell size of the abdominal white adipose tissue in mice on the high fat diet with capcaicin were significantly lower compared with those in mice on the high fat diet with water. However, percent brown adipose tissue weight per body weight in mice on the high fat diet was not affected by capsaicin. Capsaicin reduced the levels of s-triglyceride and s-total cholesterol in the pellet diet or high fat diet groups. There was no difference in the s-protein levels between the capsaicin group and the control water group. These data indicate that 1) orally administered capsaicin has a reducing effect on the blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, and 2) capsaicin has lowering effects on the body weight, percent weight and cell size of the abdominal white adipose tissue.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2015

Epilepsy is a disorder that causes recurring seizures, and the most objective and useful test for detecting epilepsy is the electroencephalogram (EEG). The subjects of this study are 244 patients who received an EEG after being diagnosed with epilepsy at Seoul National University Hospital in 2014, and who have agreed to the purpose of the study. Based on the EEG results, subjects were divided into normal and abnormal groups with 122 subjects in each group, regardless of their gender and age, to investigate the correlation of EEG and complete blood cell count (CBC) test results. The four significant categories that displayed significant correlation between EEG results and CBC hematological measurements in this study were the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), neutrophil, and lymphocyte tests. The WBC (p<0.05) and neutrophil (p<0.01) showed a positive correlation with EEG results, while RBC (p<0.05) and lymphocyte (p<0.01) showed a negative correlation. One of the limitations of this study is that it is lacking the blood test result analysis according to the types of anti-epilepsy medicine. However, the analysis of EEG results by the same disease has significant meaning. Therefore, further studies are needed to statistically analyze more data in the future.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Tokoro Rhizoma pharmat $KI_{10}$ in nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats were divided into 4 groups and 3 groups(LPS, saline, Tokoro Rhizoma pharmacopuncture(TR-P) group) were injected LPS to induce nephritis. TR-P group was treated with TR at $KI_{10}$ three times for a week, saline group with normal saline. To evaluate the effects of TR at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, white blood cell(WBC), neutrophil in blood, creatinine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1(CINC-1) in serum and urinary volume, creatinine in urine, renal myeloperoxidase(MPO) were measured and renal tissue was analyzed. Results : TR-P group significantly reduced WBC, neutrophil in blood, creatinine, CINC-1 in serum, creatinine in urine and renal MPO than LPS group. TR-P group increased urinary volume but, not significant. Conclusion : TR at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on nephritis in LPS stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that TR at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for nephritis in clinical field after further researches.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.241-247
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aims to present the case of poisoning associated with Phytolacca radix. Case Presentation: A 61-year-old male with nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and abdominal pain after ingesting about 10 centimeters of Phytolacca radix visited Korean medicine hospital. He began to show symptoms one hour after eating the plants. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with poisoning by Phytolacca radix. The patient received acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine treatment including Glycyrrhizae radix. laboratory test including complete blood count, biochemistry was also conducted. Results: Treatment, including acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine, improved his symptoms. His symptoms subsided within two hours. The laboratory test conducted on the next day show a slight increase in his white blood cell, blood urea nitrogen, urine ketone levels. There was no damage to the liver or kidneys. Conclusions: This report demonstrates the need for caution when consuming wild plants, which could lead to serious adverse effects. Patients should be alerted to the indiscriminate ingestion of wild plants. Further research on how to treat poisoning in Korean medicine needs to be considered to confirm these findings.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2006

Progressing to the iron deficiency anemia was experimentally induced in 4 clinically healthy dogs by repeated phlebotomy to characterize hematologic features, serum iron values, and RBC indices. Abnormal RBC morphologies were also evaluated semiquantitatively on Wright's-stained blood films. Hematologic abnormalities in early stage of anemia included decreased both hematocrit and hemoglobin, and reticulocytosis, with no changes in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were represented. In intermediate stage, decreased serum iron concentration with microcytosis and hypochromia were prominent. In late stage, red cell distribution width and Mentzer's index were out of reference ranges in the majority of dogs. In this study microcytic anemia was appeared at the hemoglobin range of 5.1-7.2 g/dl. On most sampling days, platelet counts and white blood cells were within the reference ranges, with some minor variations. Iron deficiency was not necessarily associated with microcytic anemia. Judging from the sequential changes of both MCV and MCHC, 3 patterns of anemia were sequentially observed: initially normocytic normochromic, intermediate normocytic hypochromic or normocytic normochormic, and finally microcytic hypochromic. The most frequent morphologic abnormalities were target cells. Occasional elliptocyte, acanthocyte, stomatocyte, kinzocyte, dacrocyte and schistocyte were also noted on the blood films.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.345-352
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• 2007

As mercury absorbed into body can cross the blood-brain barrier and react with DNA and RNA. Central nervous system has been known to be affected especially in children. But it was very difficult to know the influences of chronic low-does Hg exposure on the health. Although many studies investigated the affect, most of results were still disparate. In order to investigate the health effects of mercury exposure, several test were conducted for some Korean school children. The general health effects were investigated using blood test, Posturography and computer-based neurobehavioral test was done to examine the affect of Hg into neural responses. About 400 children were chosen for blood test whose blood Hg level were upper and lower 10% of population participated in the nationwide Hg exposure survey. The concentration of calcium and creatine, the number of white and red blood cell showed statistical significance with Hg exposure in blood test. Another 36 children were selected from the same participants for the posturography and neurobehavioral test. The intensity and center frequency of hand tremor which were related to unconsciousness also showed distinct significances. Any general relations with Hg exposure were not found in all test including computer-based neurobehavioral test.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a hand massage program on anxiety and immune function in patients during cataract surgery. The hand massage program, in this study, consisted of hand massage and hand-holding. The subjects were sixty-three patients, thirty for the experimental and thirty-three for the control group, who were admitted at Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital for cataract surgery. This study was carried out from December 10, 1997 to February 26, 1998. The level of anxiety as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before, after hand massage, and after hand-holding. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, blood sugar levels, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and natural killer cell percentages also were measured before hand massage and five minutes before the end of the operation. Data were analyzed by t-tests, ANCOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. The results were as follows : 1) After hand massage, psychological anxiety levels decreased significantly compared with before hand massage in the experimental group, not in the control group. After hand holding, there were significant decrease in both groups. 2) There were not significant differences on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rates in both groups. 3) The hand massage program decreased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol significantly in the experimental group, and increased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in the control group. 4) There were no differences in blood sugar levels, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages in white blood cells after the hand massage program. However, natural killer cells in lymphocytes were significantly increased in the experimental group. These findings indicate that a hand massage program could be a effective nursing intervention in decreasing the psychological and physiological anxiety levels and improving immune function in clients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.924-933
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• 1999

This study investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on immune responses and antioxidant status in healthy Korean old and young women. Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy old women (over 60 years old) and from 15 healthy young women(20 years old) before and 4 weeks after vitamin E( tocopherol acetate) supplementation(400IU/day). Daily nutrient intakes were calculated, and plasma vitamin E concentration, numbers and percentages of white blood cell and their subpopulation, percentages of lymphocytes and subpopulation, NK cell percentages, plasma immunoglobulin A, G, M and C3 concentration, proliferation of PMN with mitogen were measured. Also plasma TBARS concentration and radical scavenger activity of erythrocytes were investigated. Plasma vitamin E concentrations were significantly increased after supplementation in both groups. In elderly women, vitamin E supplementation restored the per centages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils which had been out of normal ranges before supple mentation. And after vitamin E supplementation, helper T cell percentages significantly increased in elderly. Plasma immunoglobulin and complement C3 concentrations were not affected by vitamin E supplementation in both groups. PMN proliferations with mitogen were significantly lower in old women than in young women, and there was no effect of vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased plasma TBARS concentrations in old and young women. RSA of erythrocytes was increased in both groups, but the statistical significant was only found in young women group. Therefore, these results suggest that the moderate vitamin E supplementation in old women improves immune responses, especially nonspecific immunity and cell mediated immunity, via protection of oxidant stress.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.475-481
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the modifying effect of the general (GPA) and the fermented pilose antler (FPA) on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis and Natural Killer cell activity in rats. Specific pathogen free, 5-week male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. To induce hepatocarcinogenesis, diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a tumor initiator and was given in a single dose at experimental onset. All rats were given a partial hepatectomy (PH) at 3 weeks after experimental onset. Sodium phenobarbital (PB, 0.05% in diet), GPA (0.075% in diet) and FPA (0. 075% in diet) were given from 2 to 8 weeks. Group I of the initiation control group was only given DEN. As initiation-promotion group, Group II was given DEN and then PB. Group III and IV were given DEN-PB-GPA and DEN-PB-FPA, respectively. In hematological analysis, as compared with Group I. the number of white blood cells were significantly increased in the GPA (p<0.01) and the FPA treated group (p<0.05), respectively. Natural killer (NK) cell activity by flow cytometer (FCM) analysis was higher in group of treated with the GPA (35%) than that of the FPA (27.5%), but not significant. Result of the immunohistochemical staining of the glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-p) indicated that the number of and area of the pre-neoplastic lesions was not significantly changed in Group III and IV compared Group II, respectively. In conclusion, the GPA and the FPA treatment significantly increased the number od WBC in peripheral blood, but the enhancing NK activity and the modifying effect on the experimental hepatocarcinogenesis were not observed.