• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1982

This study was conducted to investigate to select the optimum condition for the sterilization of white ginseng powder. The powder heated at 100-121 $^{\circ}C$ for 1-30 minutes in a autoclave and irradiated at 2450 MHz microwave for 0.5-3.0 minutes was significantly changed in it's color density and become coagulated state, but their sterilizing effect on a general bacteria and 5. coli group were negligible. Meanwhile W- irradiation to the powder with thickness 1.5-10.5mm for 120 minutes was no changes in it's color. coagulated state and sterilizing effect, but 60Co-${\gamma}$ray irradiation at various dose with 0.1-2.0 Mrad was significant effect for sterilization and stability of the powder during the storage for 4 months at 25 $^{\circ}C$. The optimum dose of 60Co-${\gamma}$ ray irradiation was 0.5-0.7 Mrad.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2011

This study evaluated cholineresterase inhibitory activity of Korean white ginseng extract (WGE), red ginseng extract (RGE), and black ginseng extract (BGE) and the cholinergic effect on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced amnesic mice. WGE, RGE, and BGE inhibited acetylcholineserase (AChE), as well as butyrylcholineserase (BuChE) in a concentration-dependent manner. BGE presented strong inhibition of AChE with an $IC_{50}$ value of 1.72 mg/mL, followed by WGE (5.89 mg/mL), RGE (6.30 mg/mL), respectively. The inhibitory activity of the three ginseng extracts on BuChE showed similar values among the groups. To better understand the mechanisms of the possible effect of ginseng extract on the cholinergic function, this study assessed the expression of the cholinergic markers of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and AChE using western blot and RT-PCR analysis in the brains of amnesic mice. Treatment with ginseng extracts led to inhibition of AChE expression and, the activation of ChAT expression in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex of amnesic mice as induced by SCOP. The results suggest that ginseng extracts including BGE, appear to modulate the metabolism of acetylchoine (ACh), which would greatly increase synaptic ACh levels and most potently revert SCOP-induced amnesia.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.350-356
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• 1983

홍삼(紅蔘)과 백삼(白蔘)을 실온(室溫)에서 장기보존(長期保存)하였을 때 인삼(人蔘)의 유효약리성분(有效藥理成分)으로 밝혀진 사포닌의 보존년수(保存年數)에 따른 함량변화(含量變化) 및 triol계(系)사포닌과 diol계(系)사포논의 비(比) 즉 PT/PD ratio 등을 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. (1) 보존년수(保存年數)에 따라 총질소(總窒素), 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 및 조지방(粗脂肪)의 함량(含量)은 서서히 감소(減少)하였으나 홍삼(紅蔘)과 백삼(白蔘)사이에는 큰 유의성(有意性)을 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. (2) 총(總)사포닌 함량(含量)은 보존년수(保存年數)에 따라 상당한 감소현상(減少現象)을 나타내었는데 그 정도는 홍삼(紅蔘)보다 백삼(白蔘)이 현저하였다. 3년(年)동안 보존(保存)했을 때 홍삼(紅蔘)은 12%만 감소(減少)한 반면 백삼(白蔘)은 27%나 감소(減少)하였다. (3) HPLC로 정량(定量)한 주성분(主性分)사포닌의 함량(含量)도 보존년수(保存年數)에 따라 감소현상(減少現象)이 뚜렷하였는데 보존기간(保存期間) 3년(年)이 경과(經過)했을 때 홍삼(紅蔘)은 16.8%만이 감소(減少)한 반면 백삼(白蔘)은 같은 기간(期間)에 무려 42.2%가 감소(減少)하였다. (4) 보존년수(保存年數)에 따른 PT/PDratio를 보면 홍삼(紅蔘)은 0.646~0.694%의 범위내에 또 백삼(白蔘)은 0.414~0.428%의 범위내에 있어 홍삼(紅蔘)이 백삼(白蔘)에 비(比)해 PT/PD ratio가 약 50% 정도가 높았다. 이것이 홍삼(紅蔘)의 약리작용(藥理作用)에 깊이 관계(關係)할 것으로 생각된다. (5) 홍삼(紅蔘)과 백삼(白蔘)의 추출액(抽出液)의 가시부(可視部)의 변화(變化)를 보면 백삼(白蔘)이 홍삼(紅蔘)보다 증가폭(增加幅)이 더 크므로 불안정(不安定)함을 알 수 있고, 또 자외부(紫外部)의 변화(變化)를 보면 278nm에서 홍삼(紅蔘)의 흡광도(吸光度)가 백삼(白蔘)보다 크므로 홍삼(紅蔘)의 향미(香味)가 백삼(白蔘)보다 좋음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 1998

KG101 was developed by the Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute. We reported about yield trials and local adaptability test. Growth characteristics and red ginseng quality of KG101 in local performance test can be summarized as follows. Aerial parts growth, stem and leaf, was similar about KG101 and Jakyungjong, 4-year old and 6-year old ginseng. Emergence rate of KG101 was higher than Jakyungjong in the 3 location of local performance test. Taproot diameter of KG101 was smaller than Jakyungjong and taproot shape of KG101 had fitted characteristics, radish type and human body type, to manufactured red ginseng. Raw ginseng grade, 1st and 2nd of KG101 was higher than Jakyungjong's. Chun, Jeesam ratio to manufacture of 2nd grade of raw ginseng of KG101 was 25%, Jakyungjong was 6-13% in 3 location of local performance test. Distribution of red ginseng weight of Jakyungiong was heavier than KG101 in 2 location, Kongju and Jungup, but KG101 was heavier than Jakyungjong in Ichon. Red ginseng quality of KG101 was better than Jakyungiong. Main degrade factor of red ginseng quality was inside cavity and inside white, was not different lines and location.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

각 체질별(태음인, 소양인, 소음인)로 5명씩 혈액을 채취하여 임파구를 분리한 후 백삼 및 홍삼 에탄을 추출물을 투여하여 면역효능(proliferation, NO생성 및 TNF-$\alpha$의 분비능)을 측정한 결과, 한방에서 음인을 보하는 약재로 알려진 백삼의 경우 소음인 군의 임파구에서 가장 높은 임파구 증식능, NO 생성 및 TNF-$\alpha$의 분비능을 나타냈으나, 소양인군에서는 가장 낮은 면역활성을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 그러나 홍삼 추출물의 경우 각 체질군에서 면역활성의 차이가 없이 유사한 것으로 나타났다(P > 0.05). 또한, 체질별 임파구에 LPS처리한 대조군보다 백삼 및 홍삼 추출물을 첨가한 처리군에서 NO생성 및 TNF-$\alpha$의 분비능이 현저하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05).백삼과 달리 홍삼 추출물에서 각 체질군에 면역활성의 차이가 없는 것은 인삼의 가공처리 과정에서 성분변화의 차이에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 홍삼추출물로부터 체질에 영향을 미치지 않는 성분을 규명한다면 새로운 맞춤형 체질마커로 개발할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 1998

To know possibility of raw ginseng production for white- and red-ginseng by direct-sowing culture, seeds were directly sowed or seedlings were transplanted at soil condition of sandy loam in ginseng field. After cultivation, the characters of 5-year-old ginseng were investigated. Number of survived plants was increased with increase the seeding quantity in direct-sowing culture, the survived plants in direct-sowing culture was higher than that of transplanting one. Rate of the numbers of survived plants to numbers of seeds sowed in plots of 134 or 90 seeds sowed per tan, 180 x 90cm area, inspire of high number of survived plant was high compared to that of transplanting culture. Occurrence rate of rusty root of ginseng in direct-sowing culture was low significantly compared to that of transplanting culture. Root yield showed in the order of 134, 268, 90 seeds sowed, the values of yield in direct-sowing culture were high obviously compared to that of transplanting one. Individual root weight was increased with decrease the seeding quantity, however, the root weight in plot of 90 seeds sowed showed almost equal the weight in transplanting culture. The number of usable raw ginseng for white- and red-ginseng was increased with decrease of the seeding quantity; the numbers were higher than that of transplanting culture remarkably. We concluded that optimum seedling rate in direct-sowing culture of ginseng was 90 to 134 seeds per tan considering the yield per area and production rate of large root.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.341-341
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• 2012

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2016

백삼과 홍삼의 추출수율은 각각 33.56%와 48.79%로 홍삼의 추출수율이 높았고, 산성다당체의 경우 1~4차 추출단계까지는 홍삼군이 백삼군보다 높았으나, 5차 추출단계에서 백삼군이 6차 추출단계에서는 홍삼군이 높게 나타났다. 백삼과 홍삼의 추출단계별 농축액의 조사포닌 함량은 백삼(56.44 mg/g)에 비해 홍삼(53.15 mg/g)이 약 5.8 % 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들을 혼합한 선택적 홍삼농축액 모델 4종의 기호도 평가 결과 1, 2, 6차 추출물이 혼합된 RGB-4가 가장 높은 기호도를 나타내었고 시판 홍삼 농축액 3종에 대해 비교한 결과에서도 RGB-4가 쓴맛, 떫은맛, 인삼향 강도가 약해지고 종합적 기호도에서 높은 평가를 받았다. 본 실험에서는 추출방법을 달리 함으로써 추출수율 및 조사포닌 함량을 감안하여 인삼 쓴맛과 향의 강도를 낮출 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 이 추출방법을 이용하여 쓴맛을 저감시키고 인삼향미의 강도를 저감시킨 제품을 개발하여 좀 더 편하고 자연스럽게 홍삼제품을 접할 수 있도록 더 많은 연구가 진행 되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.726-730
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to determine a method to use fresh white Korean ginseng in the form of higher intake of medicinal components. Decoction was made at $70^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ in different intervals of time. HPLC (DAD) system was employed to monitor the ginsenosides content in the decoctions and the components were identified by comparing the retention time with that of reference compounds. However, decoction made at $70^{\circ}C$ in 72 hrs possessed higher amount of total ginsenosides ($209.6{\mu}g/mL$) content where considerable amount of bioactive ginsenosides like Rg3, Rb2, Rb1 and Rg1 were accumulated. Overall, it can be concluded that the fresh white Korean ginseng decoction made in 72 hrs at $70^{\circ}C$ would be useful for the health and other medicinal approach of ginseng.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.313-316
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• 1977

The patterns of saponins of lateral gingengs cultivated different areas and various ginseng products were investigated by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. In the case of ginseng cultivated in the Kum San and Gang Hwa area, some parts of the panaxatriol series of the saponins (peak 6 and 7.8.9) were higher in concentration than in ginseng grown in other areas while the other ingredients were almost the same. In the process of heat treatment the quantity of peak 2 was generally decreased. However, in the case of red and white ginseng, one part of the panaxatriol saponins, peak 6 was increased. This tendency was also found in honeyed ginseng and ginseng tea which were not exposed to sunlight, but the increase was much less. The change in the red and white ginseng which were exposed to sunlight was very substantial. Therefore we can assume that the increase of peak 6 comes about due to the combination of heat treatment and exposure to sunlight, especially due to exposure to sunlight.