• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.476-482
• /
• 2023

Introduction: There is a growing global interest in the issue of precarious employment. We aimed to analyze the characteristics and socio-demographic distribution of precarious employment using a summative score approach. Methods: To operationalize precarious employment, we utilized data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey and focused on three distinct dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and a lack of rights and protections. By constructing a summative scale ranging from -16 to 2, with lower scores indicating higher precariousness, we measured employment precariousness among Korean wage workers. To compare employment precariousness according to survey participant characteristics, we employed the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. Results: We analyzed a weighted number of 38,432 workers. The overall sample showed a median (Q1, Q3) summative scale score of -3 (-6, -1). The median summative score was lower for women compared to men (men: -2; women: -5; p < 0.001), as well as for young or older workers compared to middle-aged workers (young: -4; middle-aged: -2; older: -5; p < 0.001). Similarly, workers with lower educational levels (middle school or below: -8; high school: -5; college or above: -2; p < 0.001) and non-white collar workers (blue collar: -5; service/sales worker: -6; white collar: -2; p < 0.001) experienced higher levels of employment precariousness. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that certain vulnerable groups, such as women, young or older adults, workers with low educational attainment, and caregiving or low-skilled elementary workers, are disproportionately exposed to high employment precariousness. Active policy interventions are needed to improve the employment quality of vulnerable groups.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권10호
• /
• pp.231-242
• /
• 2018

이 연구는 대기업 사무직 근로자에게 적용한 원예활동 프로그램의 정신적, 생리적 효과를 확인하기 위해서 시행되었다. 53명의 사무직 근로자가 연구에 참여하였다. 참여 대상자들은 2그룹(실험군과 대조군)으로 무작위 할당되었다. 무작위 할당은 Microsoft사의 Excel 2010 program RAND 함수를 이용하여 시행되었다. 8주 실험 동안 실험군에게 1회기 당 90분씩 원예활동 프로그램을 적용하였다. 대조군에게는 아무런 처치를 하지 않았다. 실험 전과 실험 8주 후에 모든 대상자들의 변수들(스트레스, 우울, 혈당, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-C, LDL-C)을 측정하였다. 실험 전부터 실험 완료 후까지 변수들의 변화가 계산되었다. 자료는 2014년 7월부터 9월까지 수집되었다. SPSS 21.0이 통계 분석에 이용되었다. 원예활동 프로그램이 우울에 긍정적인 효과를 가졌다(z=-4.57, p< .000). 결론은 원예활동 프로그램은 우울을 향상시키는 긍정적인 효과를 가진다는 것이다. 원예활동 프로그램이 사무직 근로자의 정신 건강 증진을 위한 보완대체요법으로 활성화되기를 기대한다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.377-396
• /
• 2000

After warming-up exercise for 20 minutes, Isokinetic measurement of trunk strength for flexor and extensor was done by using Cybex 6000 TEF Unit on 91 healthy male white workers from 22years old to 49 years old, and compared each other. 20 repetitions of trunk extension-flexion were done at $120^{\circ}$/sec angular velocity. After resting for 1 minutes, Four repetitions at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec) were done with 30 seconds of resting interval between each angular velocity. The purpose of this study is to obtain the isokinetic normative strength values for trunk extensors and flexors, and is to know the correlation between age, height, weight of subjects and data from isokinetic trunk strength measurement, and is to provide a guideline for exercise program of male white collar workers The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Pearson correlation coefficiency in PC-SAS program. The results obtained were as follow; 1. There is significant positive-correlation with the statistic value between weight and peak torque of trunk muscles at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec)(p<01), between height and peak torque of trunk muscles at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec) except peak torque of trunk flexor at $60^{\circ}$/sec(p<01). 2. There is nagitive-correlation between age and peak torque of trunk muscles at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec), there is significant differences with statistic value between age and peak torque of trunk extensor at $120^{\circ}$/sec(p<.01). 3. Mean peak torque and mean peak torque % by body weight of trunk extensor is 1.1 times higher values than trunk flexor at $60^{\circ}$/sec. 4. There is the increase in peak torque angle of trunk flexor with increasing of age, and the decrease in peak torque angle of trunk flexor with increasing of age at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec). there is significant differences with statistic value in peak torque angle of trunk flexor at $120^{\circ}$/sec(p<.01). 5. There is significant decrease in endurance ratio of trunk extensor with increasing of age at $120^{\circ}$/sec(p<.01). In conclusion, peak torque of trunk extensor is 1.1 times higher values than trunk flexor in healthy male white collar workers.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.27-44
• /
• 2001

In this study, I investigate the drinking behavior and related factors among white collar workers in seoul. Examination was executed with questionnaire to 520 white collar workers. Drinking behavior involves frequency of drinking, amount of alcohol consumption in a drinking situation and alcohol-related problem. Related factors involves the general characteristics, the knowledge about alcohol, the allowable attitude about drinking, work stress and stress copying. This was analyzed with percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOV A and pearson's correlation. The results are as follows: Data shows that about 96.3% of the respondents drink at least during the last year and 89.8% of the respondents drink at least during the last month. 59.4% male respondents drink 3-8 times a month, 44.8% female respondents drink 1-2 times a month. High prevalence rates were found in male, married person and those with low-religious spirit in a usual amount of drinking(p〈0.05), male in the latest amount of drinking(p〈0.05), male, forties, married person and those with the highest monthly family income and those with low-religious spirit in frequency of drinking during the latest month(p〈0.05). The score of alcohol-related problem(ARP) was as follows: male workers-2.61, female workers-1.61 out of 35. The score of ARP was statistically significantly different according to sex(p〈0.05). A positive correlation was observed between amount of drinking, frequency of drinking and ARP(p〈0.01). The score of knowledge about alcohol was 3.6 and any correlation and statistically significant difference were not observed between the knowledge about alcohol and drinking behavior. The score of allowable attitude about drinking was statistically significantly different according to sex(p〈0.05), age(p〈0.05). A positive correlation was observed between attitude about drinking and amount of drinking, frequency of drinking, ARP(p〈0.01). The work stress and stress copying had no significant relations with drinking behavior. Most respondents do not drink at stress situation.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1985

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between four aspects of clothing behavior and perceptual orientation, and between those and job satisfaction of white-collar men. Those aspects of clothing behavior included: clothing conformity, clothing satisfaction, status symbol and occupation symbol. Perceptual orientation was measured with Choi's Perceptual Orientation Scale and job satisfaction, with some items of Miller's The Attitude Toward Any Occupation Scale. Clothing comformity and clothing satisfaction were measured with Kahng's, lung's, Koh's and Lee's questionaire. Status symbol was measured with Koh's and Lee's questionaire, and occupation symbol items were prepared for this study. The questionaire in this study were administered to 323 white-collar workers in Seoul. The statistical methods utilized Pearson'a product moment correlation, one-way ANOVA test, Duncan's multiple range test and multiple regression analysis. The results obtained from this study were : 1. Perceptual orientation was positively correlated to clothing satisfaction, and negatively correlated to status symbol. 2. Job satisfaction was positively correlated to clothing satisfaction and clothing comformity. 3. Clothing conformity, clothing satisfaction and job satisfaction showed significant differences according to occupation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.565-573
• /
• 1993

Noise is not only affecting the ear and the auditory cortex locally, but its influence is widely spread throughout the brain structures, e. g., the reticular formation, the brain stem nuclei or the subcortical forebrain area. Hence, any of the organism's activities can be hindered or stimulated by noise. High noise is a stressor and the catecholamine level can be used both as a stress marker and as an indicator of modified sympathetic nervous system activity. Several recent studies have found that the urinary excretion of catecholamines is increased due to high noise intensity, especially unexpectedly high and long lasting noise. The present study was conducted in order to examine the effects of noise stress on urinary excretion of ctecholamines in rats and humans. Rats were exposed to 90 dB noise for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, 3 and 12 hours. 24 hour . urinary samples were collected and the catecholamones were extracted by alumina and analyzed by HPLC-ECD. Catecholamine levels increased with time of exposure up to 60 minutes : norepinephrine concentration at 60 min of noise=1.038 ng/ml, epinephrine=0.636 ng/ml. Urine catecholamines of blue collar workers exposed to 90 dB of noise at the work place were collected between 2 and 4 p.m. and compared to that of white collar workers exposed to 70 dB. Mean norepinephrine level of the blue collar workers was 0.89 ng/ml (${\pm}0.25$), epinephrine 0.24ng/m1 (${\pm}0.09$), and that of the white collar workers 0.48 ng/ml (${\pm}0.12$), epinephrine 0.19 ng/ml(${\pm}0.05$). It was concluded that noise acts as a stressor and increases the catecholamine levels in both rats and humans.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한예방의학회 1995년도 제47차 추계 학술대회 연제집
• /
• pp.333-334
• /
• 1995

• 한국심리학회지:법
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.199-221
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 화이트칼라 범죄의 의사결정 과정에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 무엇인지 살펴보고, 이 요인들의 유무에 따라서 의사결정의 합리성 정도에 차이가 나타나는지 실험을 통해 확인하고자 함이다. 본 연구의 실험은 피험자 간 설계로 재정적 압박 지시 유무와 Tit for tat 전략 정보 제공 유무에 따라서 조건별로 할당하였다. 실험 참가자들은 화이트칼라 직군에 근무하는 성인 102명으로, 화이트칼라 범죄 시나리오로 각색한 변형된 연속되는 죄수의 딜레마 상황에서 의사결정을 진행하고 이에 따른 점수를 획득하는 과정을 거쳤다. 획득 점수는 범죄를 저지를 위험성을 나타내며, 점수가 낮을수록 범죄에 참여할 위험성이 높음을 의미하였다. 연구 결과는 재정적 압박 지시 없이 전략 정보만 제공받은 집단이 범죄에 참여할 위험성이 가장 낮았으며, 재정적 압박 지시만 받고 전략 정보를 제공받지 않은 집단의 범죄 참여 위험성이 가장 높았다. 또, 재정적 압박 지시를 받은 집단은 전략 정보 제공과 관계없이 재정적 압박 지시를 받지 않은 집단보다 범죄 참여 위험성이 높았으나, 전략 정보를 제공받은 집단 중 재정적 압박 지시를 함께 받은 집단은 재정적 압박 지시와 전략 정보 제공을 둘 다 받지 않은 집단보다 범죄 참여 위험성이 높았다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 재정적 압박을 합법적으로 해소할 수 있는 방안의 필요성과 직장인을 대상으로 한 화이트칼라 범죄에 대한 교육의 필요성, 기업 내에서 독단적이지 않고 협력적이며 상호검증 가능한 의사결정 구조의 필요성을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 1986

Hypertension is one of the most well known risk factors for cerebrovascular or coronary heart disease and is a major public health problem. Early detection and treatment of hypertension are essential, but the compliance of treatment on hypertension is not easy to achive. Hypertensive workers are being detected by the annual screening under the Labour Standard Law in Korea but the solidified control system for them is not existing. This study about workers 'Motive-Belief-Action in non-drug and drug treatment of their hypertension would be worthwhile to interpret how the workers actually behave in coping with hypertension, and also would be advisable to construct the follow-up program in Korea. In the field research process two criteria were used to select sample group. The first criterion included the workers who were screened to be hypertensive with their blood pressure above 160/95 in this survey. The second one was used to classify study-group respondents who had known their hypertension by successive annual screening. From such criteria a total of 156 male workers were sampled in 21 industries, the author interviewed them using the structured questionnaire which consisted of Belief-Motive-Action items about non-drug and drug treatment for hypertension with open-ended question on symptom of hypertension. The summary is as follows: 1) Sixty-one percent of respondents had ever checked their blood pressure somewhere besides the annual screening. 2) Most respondents(97.2%) complained no symptoms of hypertension at all. 3) Belief level of non-drug treatment was relatively high (82.1%-64.7%), but motive(55.1%-28.2%) and action(38.5%-16.7%) levels were low. 4) Belief level of drug treatment was relatively lower than that of non-drug treatment, blue collar workers showed higher artier level of drug treatment than white collar workers, and correlation coefficient between belief and motive on drug treatment was lower in group of not-recognizing their family history of hypertension than recognized group. Such findings indicated that belief on drug treatment of hypertensive workers would be problematic. 5) White collar workers showed significant lower correlation coefficients between Motive and Action of salt restriction, restriction of fatty diet and relaxation than blue collar workers. 6) Mild hypertension group showed low levels of Motive and Action of non-drug treatment(salt restriction, restriction of fatty diet and relaxation) and also showed low correlation coefficient between Belief and Motive of above non-drug treatment.

• 지식경영연구
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.173-192
• /
• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 중국인 사무직 직원의 디지털 리터러시가 무형식 학습에 영향을 주는지 살펴보고, 디지털 리터러시와 무형식 학습 사이의 인센티브의 조절효과를 규명하는데 있다. 구체적인 연구 목표로는 첫째, 사무직 직원의 디지털 리터러시는 무형식 학습과 정적인(+) 관계가 있는지 살펴보고, 둘째, 사무직 직원의 디지털 리터러시와 무형식 학습의 관계에서 회사의 인센티브(물질적 인센티브, 비물질적 인센티브)는 조절효과가 있는지 살펴보는 것이다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 중국 사무직 직원의 디지털 리터러시는 ICT를 잘 다루는 능력과 정보를 잘 활용할 수 있는 능력으로 구인하였는데, ICT를 잘 다루는 능력은 직무수행을 통한 지식획득, 자기개발 능력 함양, 타인과 유의미한 정(+)의 관계를 가졌고, 정보를 잘 활용할 수 있는 능력도 직무수행을 통한 지식획득, 자기개발 능력 함양, 타인과의 학습과 정(+)의 관계가 가졌다. 디지털 리터러시와 무형식 학습의 관계에서 물질적 인센티브와 비물질적 인센티브를 투입하여 조절효과를 살펴보았는데, 정보를 잘 활용할 수 있는 능력과 직무수행을 통한 지식획득 사이에만 물질적 인센티브와 비물질적 인센티브가 조절효과가 있었으며 그 외의 관계에서는 인센티브가 조절효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이 연구는 중국 사무직 직원의 디지털 리터러시와 무형식 학습의 관계를 실증적으로 규명하고, 디지털 리터러시와 무형식 학습의 관계에서 인센티브의 조절효과를 확인하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 더 나아가 중국 기업의 사무직 직원 채용 및 교육 설계, 회사 인센티브의 보상 방식의 설계에서 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.