• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of various wheelchair handling directions on the upper limb muscle activities of wheelchair attendants while climbing a ramp. Methods: For the study participants, healthy males over 20 years of age were chosen, and the order of the direction of wheelchair handle grip was determined using a randomized method. The handling directions for pushing the wheelchair up a ramp included a general grip with ulnar deviation, a medial grip with wrist pronation, and a neutral grip with a neutral wrist. The muscle activities in the participants' upper limbs were measured using surface electromyography. For statistical data processing, SPSS 18.0 was used to perform repeated measures ANOVA in order to compare the muscle activity among the intervention groups. A contrast test was also conducted among the participants. The significance level (${\alpha}$) was set to 0.05. Results: There was a significant difference between groups using a general grip and a medial grip in the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and flexor carpi radialis muscles (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference between using a general grip and a neutral grip in the biceps brachii and flexor carpi radialis muscles (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference between using a medial grip and a neutral grip in the biceps brachii and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscles (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the wheelchair assistants' wrist muscle activity was the lowest with a neutral grip while ascending a ramp. Accordingly, this study proposes that wheelchair assistants push wheelchairs up ramps with a neutral grip.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was a comparative analysis of stroke-related factors between recurrent patients and non-recurrent patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used, and data were collected from March 2020 to April 2020 using electronic medical records. 244 patients (221 first-timers and 23 recurrent) were included in this study. Results: The stroke recurrence rate in 5 years was 9.4%, the readmission rate was 39.3%, and the mortality rate was 2.0%. The number of patients hospitalized for stroke was greater among men than among women. Of the patients, 60.7% had an underlying disease. With regard to daily life abilities, over 70% of participants needed more than moderate dependence and about 40% of participants had more than mild cognitive impairment. More than 50% were moved to wheelchairs or stretcher cars. The difference in the stroke readmission rate between recurrent and non-recurrent patients was statistically significant. Conclusions: Based on our findings, a program to prevent recurrence of stroke should be developed to considering age, ability of daily living, place of discharge, gait ability at discharge, and place of discharge.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

In recent years, urban regeneration is focused on smart and pedestrian oriented development utilizing various mobility technology. The characteristics of walkways needs to reflect such development orientations. This research is the first step to find an adequate slope for ramp replacing stairs and shared by pedestrians, personal mobilities and powered wheelchairs. It aims to check if ramps on a recommended degree of angle by general guidelines are more preferred than stairs and find out what make difference of such preferences. Two surveys were conducted at $9^{\circ}$ and $9.6^{\circ}$ ramps coexisted with stairs at sequential and parallel location. The study on the survey result found that the general evaluation of $9^{\circ}$ ramp was better than $9.6^{\circ}$ ramp but $9^{\circ}$ ramp was not preferred than stairs while $9.6^{\circ}$ ramps was preferred. The difference of preferences was related to characteristics of stairs. The stair with shorter tread and riser next to $9^{\circ}$ ramp was evaluated much better than stairs next to $9.6^{\circ}$ ramp. Therefore the research concludes that $10.0^{\circ}$ which many guidelines recommend for the maximum slop of a ramp was not adequate for a ramp to replace stairs as a preferred means of vertical circulation. In addition the research found that the preference was sensitive to moving direction and gender especially in regards to comfort of stairs and safety of ramp. Most pedestrians chose a means of vertical circulation based on its comfort but pedestrian's evaluation of safety was most different based on moving direction.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2021

Purpose: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the disadvantages of tire pressure asymmetry of a wheelchair tire and recommend the criterion for appropriate tire pressure without generating negative changes in the musculoskeletal system in asymptomatic participants. Methods: Fourteen asymptomatic participants were asked to sit in pressure-controlled wheelchairs and perform desk work for 20 minutes in each tire condition. The asymmetry of the tire conditions was set as 0% difference, 25% difference, and 50% difference from the recommended pressure. The pelvic alignment and muscular recruitment represented as a flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) were measured at pre-test, and after each condition of desk work. The displacement of the center of pressure (COP) was measured during the desk work. Results: The tire air pressure condition significantly affected the FRR and COP (P < 0.05). Both sides of the FRR values were significantly higher under the symmetrical tire conditions (0% difference) and pre-test, compared with the asymmetrical tire condition of 50% difference (P < 0.05). The mediolateral COP displacement of the asymmetrical tire conditions (25% and 50% difference) was significantly higher than that of the symmetrical tire conditions (0%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Asymmetrical tire conditions could cause changes in the muscle recruitment pattern of the erector spine and mediolateral COP displacement. Tire pressure asymmetry higher than 50% could be a risk factor for prevalence of back pain, so this level of asymmetry in tire pressures should be cautioned against for wheelchair users.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.672-686
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• 2022

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은, 지체 장애인 대피경로 시설에 영향을 미치는 계획요인들을 도출하고, 각 시설별로 영향을 미치는 계획요소들을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 표본수의 문제와 다중공선성의 문제를 해결하기 위해 PLS(부분최소제곱) 회귀분석을 활용하였다. 연구결과: 분석결과, 각 시설별로 가장 중요한 계획요소는 출입문 : 출입문 닫히는 시간(1.131), 복도 : 휠체어를 위한 경사로(1.227), 계단 : 계단 비상조명(1.117), 대피공간 : 대피공간 편의시설(1.106)으로 도출되었다. 결론: 효율적인 장애인 대피경로를 계획하기 위해서는 일괄적인 반영이 아닌 장애인들의 인식, Needs, 만족도를 고려한 유니버설 디자인을 고려해야 한다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2022

벨트나 체인을 이용한 감속기는 간단한 장치이긴 하지만 공간을 많이 차지하여 공간상의 제약이 있기 때문에 전동휠체어 구동부에는 부적합하다. 하지만 유성기어형태의 감속기는 동일 축에서 감속이 이루어지기 때문에 부피를 작게 할 수 있어 공간의 제약이 벨트나 체인형태의 감속기보다 덜하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수·전동전환이 가능한 휠체어의 구동부에 대한 연구를 통하여 유성기어형태를 이용한 감속기로 큰 추진력을 얻을 수 있는 구동부를 개발하였다. 그에 따라 감속기에 적용되는 유성기어의 치형을 Kisssoft 프로그램을 이용하여 설계를 진행하였다. 또한 기존 휠체어 바퀴에 적용 가능하도록 구동부의 설계를 진행하였고, 구동부의 수·전동 전환원리 및 작동원리에 대한 메커니즘의 최적화를 진행하였다. 연구내용을 토대로 하나의 선기어와 2개의 유성기어, 하나의 링기어를 갖는 유성기어 형태의 휠체어 감속기 구동부의 최종 설계 및 제작을 진행하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2024

횡단보도에서 발생하는 교통사고를 해결하기 위한 시도가 계속되고 있지만, 교통사고는 끊임 없이 일어나는 상황이다. 특히 노인, 장애인 등의 교통약자들은 교통사고에 노출될 위험이 더 크다. 이에 대한 문제점을 주의 깊게 볼 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 교통 약자 중 휠체어, 목발과 같은 보조 기구를 이용하는 보행자를 위해 YOLO v5 모델을 활용한 객체 탐지 기술을 제안한다. 휠체어, 목발 사용자 그리고 보행자의 이미지 크롤링, Roboflow와 Mobibity Aids 데이터를 수집하였다. 일반화 성능을 높이기 위해 데이터 증강 기법을 활용하였다. 더하여 Type 2 error를 줄이기 위해 앙상블 기법을 이용하여 Recall이 96%인 높은 성능 수치를 얻었다. 이를 통해 교통약자를 목표로 YOLO 내 단일 모델을 앙상블 할 시, 객체를 놓치지 않고 정확한 탐지 성능을 보여준다는 것을 입증하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2014

Today, the number of the elderly living alone without any family members is on a sharp rise, and those aged people living alone are making these social issues such as solitary death, depression and suicide more popular. In order to resolve the issues, some of the local governments have been supporting the elderly living alone in common houses that would be used by senior citizens only. This study became interested in this 'carnation house' which has been carried out targeting the elderly living alone in Gyeonggi-do, and selected elementary universal design factors that should be applied to general residential environments of the aged people and analyzed the factors. As a case study, this research investigated four carnation houses as research subjects and came up with these following ideas about how to make improvements. First, the study found out that all the entrances did not have raised letters and that UD has not been satisfactorily applied to both the thresholds and the effective widths, and that is considered something to be fixed. Second, in case of regular rooms and living rooms, none of the rooms failed to have safety doorknobs which should have been installed and plus, thresholds and stepped pulleys need to be removed, Third, it goes the same with the kitchens, and the thresholds should be eliminated while cabinets are secured. In addition, furniture that understands the elderly's measurements should be used. Fourth, in terms of restrooms, they should be designed to be spacious enough not to cause anyone in wheelchairs inconvenience, and the study suggests that the effective widths should be widened and that both the safety doorknobs and the emergency calls must be installed. Basically, after the test on the UD adaptability, the study concluded that the application rates in connection with the adaptability were low which led the study to assume that such result has been gained due to the lack of installation standards in relation to the common living facilities of the elderly. The study now argues that purposes of buildings should be first clarified and then, these detailed space planning guidelines that deal with general characteristics of the aged people should be established.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.178-188
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• 1997

As a descriptive survey, this study was attempted to get basic data necessary to recognize the factors that disturb the therapeutic atmosphere of hospital wards as perceived by nurses and hospitalized patients, to identify differences between the perceptions of the nurses and of patients. The subjects, 159 patients in Pusan National Hospital and 68 nurses working there were sampled between March 18 and April 13, 1996. The tool used to measure the disturbing factors was an amended form of the one developed by Kim, Mae Ja(1983). The differences between each subject's score for each factor were analyzed using means & SD. and the highest 3 items above the mean score for each factor were collected and compared. The results are described below : 1. Subject's perception of main disturbing factors : patients reported that the main factors were 'loss of role & economic trouble', 'the prognosis of disease', 'the change of daily life' but nurses replied that the main factors were' the prognosis of disease', 'the communication trouble with the medical team & interpersonal relationships'. 'The change of daily life' was not a perceved factor by nurses, but ranked third by the patients. 2. Subject's perception degree of each disturbing factor : (1) among the items related to interpersonal relationship. the patient group reported that the worst disturbance was dur to severely ill patients in the same room' but the nurse group regarded 'greed to monopolize wheelchairs or other supplies' as the worst disturbance. (2) among the items related to physical factors. the patient group regarded 'limitations to wash their body, physical pain and limitations in physical activity' as the worst disturbance, but the nurse group regarded' physical pain', and 'limitations to activity or change of appearance' as the worst disturbance. (3) among the items related to the change of daily activity, the patient group regarded 'the boredom of hospitalization or infavorable diet' as the worst disturbance, but the nurse group regarded 'too much noise or unclean room' as the worst disturbance. (4) among the items related to the communication trouble with medical team, the patient group regarded 'the ignorance of their disease due to poor information. the inability to understand the language of the medical team or the difficulty in seeing physician in time' as the worst disturbance, but the nurse group regarded 'the inability to trust physicians and physician's poor attention to patients' as the worst disturbance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.851-860
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• 2020

인구 고령화와 건강 복지에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지면서 재활복지기를 포함한 실버 및 헬스케어 산업과 관련한 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 1차적으로 설계·제작되었던 이·승강 전동휠체어를 사용자 측면에서 보다 더 안전성과 편의성을 갖도록 개선하고자 하였다. 사용자 체형을 고려한 헤드레스트 높이조절 기능의 시트 디자인, 사용성 증대를 위한 암레스트의 길이조절 및 95° 회전 기능, 사용자 탑승 편의성을 위한 바닥까지의 시트하강 및 운행 시 승강할 수 있는 기능, 캐스터 회전반경 및 안전성 증대를 위한 발판 추가 및 풋레스트 길이 조절 기능, 승·하강 시 흔들림 방지를 위한 프레임 및 승·하강 링크 설계 등을 개선시켰다. 또한 안전주행을 위한 컨트롤러 및 드라이브 부문과 사용자 편의성 측면의 기능들을 추가적으로 설계·제작하였다. 추가 기능을 보완하여 제작된 실내 전동휠체어의 동작 상태를 평가하기 위해 구동 실험을 수행하였다. 연속 주행시간, 회전반경, 승·하강 최대 하중, 최대 승강 높이, 소음레벨, 운행 보조센서 센싱 최소거리, 서버 및 앱 프로그램 상호연동 및 기기호환성, 듀티 사이클 최대 오차율의 성능실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 더 개선하여 설계·제작한 전동휠체어는 시험 목표 값을 달성하였으며, 성공적으로 동작하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 연구로는 개선하여 제작된 이·승강 전동휠체어에 대해 사용자 측면에서의 사용성 평가를 수행할 것이다.