• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.114-125
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• 2024

Wetlands in the living area are important ecological resources that are the basis for the daily life or farming activities of local residents, and have high ecological value such as ecosystem services and green infrastructure. This study was carried out to develop a functional evaluation methodology optimized for small-scale wetlands(RAMS). Based on on-site evaluation by experts, surveys and in-depth interviews, four functional items, including biodiversity, health, hydrophilic culture and ecology, water circulation, and carbon absorption, and 15 detailed indicators, and the evaluation grade for each detailed indicator, were developed on a 5-point scale. The evaluation methodology optimized for small-scale living areas wetlands (RAMS) proposed as a result of this study can be used as basic data for conservation and restoration and management of small-scale living areas wetlands at home and abroad.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Despite its ecological importance of wetlands in our life, wetlands around cities and villages have been steadily disappearing. It is mainly due to either natural geological changes or man-made causes such as permitted land zone changes for the purpose to convert to agriculture land. This study aims to establish a comprehensive database of wetlands using GIS in a historic conservation city Gongju City. The systemic data management would enable to identify distribution of wetlands and their ecological attributes, and to estimate the conservation value of the wetlands. The data base will be able to use in strategic way to preserve the local ecological areas for local residents and tourists and manage the quality of wetlands in the historic and conservation city. For the purpose, it is suggested organising a wider network with not only local residents but local authorities and relevant stakeholders would be beneficial. This study also recommends that long-term strategic plan to preserve the existing wetlands. This study findings as a seminal case example can be used to apply to other geographical areas of the country and can contribute to create a national ecological nature map as well as evaluate the attributes and quality of natural ecosystem service of the region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

The pond wetlands in agricultural landscape are important natural resources that carry out the function of bio-diversity conservation. However, recently, those have been gradually embedded as their utility value were disappeared. And, the assessment methods used for pond wetlands are insufficient. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the conservation value of pond wetlands by using the modified RAM, and present the improvement of assesment methods. The study sites, a total of 32 pond of 4 types by land use, were selected on the basis of Ramsar Convention. Through the analysis of precedent studies, the weighted 8 functions were adjusted. According to the assessment results, pond wetlands made the largest contribution to Fishery and Herpetile Habitat function. In addition, it also made large contribution to Floral Diversity, Wildlife Habitat, and Water Quality Protection function. On the other hand, it made a small contribution to Aesthetics and Recreation, Runoff Attenuation, Shoreline /Stream Bank Protection, and Flood/Storm Water Storage function due to the characteristics of small-scale pond wetlands. In the assessment of 8 functions, house type showed the worst assessment result, and mountain type showed the best assessment result. It is thought that those are due to land use type in terms of vicinity. 10 items among 52 of the modified RAM showed the same assessment results in all land use types. Accordingly, it is required to be deleted and modified the assessment method. On the other hand, it is required to add age, interference, and water use to the assessment method. It is thought that these results can be utilized for the development and modification of assessment methods focused on pond wetlands in rural area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.185-201
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• 2014

The Yong-neup of Mt. Daeam, which was designated as Korea's National Monument No.246 in 1973, is a high moor, and it has been managed with the designation as an ecosystem conservation area, Ramsar wetlands, and wetland conservation area. With the closing of the officially announced 5-year period for 'No-Trespassing' on the ecosystem conservation area starting August, 2010, it becomes necessary to arrange a systematic management and conservation scheme in consideration of the access & use of the visitors and Yong-neup's potential change into land consequent on making it open to the public. This study thinks that in order to preserve the Yong-neup, it's necessary to prepare the conservation plan for the program operation for exterminating exotic species, development of replacement wetlands and nurseries, access limit through zone categorization, establishment of environment-monitoring system, institutional management support, and establishment of managing facilities, etc., and to make scientific approaches, such as survey on wetland ecosystem, establishment of inventories, wetland monitoring, and drawing up of wetland ecology maps, etc. In addition, it is required that there should be adequate considerations of restoration of slope faces, drains, artificial embankment, water-collecting wells, roads for military operations, and wild-boar-stricken areas, etc., and should be continuous and systematic management of Yong-neup through the wise use of residents' participation-style maintenance, organization of a consultative body, introduction of CEPA programs, and introduction of visiting facilities and alternative transportation system, etc.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.286-294
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• 2020

This study aims to economically evaluate rice production and various ecological services provided by organic rice paddy carrying out rice-fish mixed farming. It was also conducted to find a stable structure for increasing the income of rice-producing farmers and promoting ecological services by evaluating the economic feasibility of organic rice paddy for rice-fish mixed farming. As a result of the analysis of expected effects by ecological service functions according to the types of agriculture in the rice-fish mixed farming, general conventional paddy fields were evaluated to have an effect of continuously decreasing biodiversity such as amphibian reptiles, aquatic insects, bird habitats, experience and ecological education, and vegetation diversity, while the biodiversity of organic and rice-fish mixed paddy fields was assessed to increase. As a result of evaluating the economic value, as the area for fish production increases compared to the common practice and organic paddy fields, rice production decreases, but fish production increases and total income was analyzed to increase. In addition, if the value of ecosystem service functions is assessed in the future, it will increase further. It is hoped that these findings will be used as basic data for solving oversupply problems in the rice industry, preserving safe farm income, and improving sustainable farming and ecosystem service functions.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

This study aims to provide basic data for the decision-making process in selecting sites for wetland restoration projects. To this end, the current list of demaged wetlands was identified based on the findings from the nationwide monitoring project in 2016 targeted at wetlands in inland areas. Then, to determine the necessity of restoration for these demaged sites, the cause of demage was investigated, and their conservation value was examined from an ecological and legal perspective. The 2016 monitoring project identified a total of 20 demaged wetlands, of which one site was deemed to have high conservation value through analysis of its ecological and legal values and on-site reviews. The results of this study are expected to support policymakers' decision-making in selecting wetlands for restoration projects since it identifies priority sites among demaged wetlands that require immediate restoration efforts. It should also be pointed out that wetlands in South Korea cannot benefit from legal protection despite their high conservation value unless they have a designated status as protected areas.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.71-88
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• 2020

This study modified the properties and boundaries of the inland wetland types through the structural edit of the National Wetland DB, and analyzed the characteristics of the different land cover by area and the entire inland wetlands of South Korea. The inland wetlands of the Gangwon Basin had a small area of waters. In addition, the ratio of natural barren was high, reflecting the characteristics of the upper reaches of the large river in the east and west part of Gangwon Province. The Geum River Basin had a high percentage of aggregate land due to the development of large alluvial land, and the ratio of artistic barren was low, so various ecosystem service of wetland elements were distributed evenly. The Nakdong River Basin had a high proportion of waters as water level in the channel rose due to the installation of 4 Major Rivers Beam, and the ratio of Natural barren was low. Moreover, the water level of the main attributes flowing into the Nakdong River drainage system was not high, so the ratio of vegetation concentration was high. The Yeongsan River Basin showed that Waters had the high proportion. And the distribution of Natural barrens represented differently according to the Yeongsan River Basin and the Seomjin River Basin. Finally, Sand and Gravels supplied to rivers during precipitation were deposited in the main stream of the Han River Basin, and the differences between the side and high side was large in the area, reflecting the characteristics of the mouth of a river, so the Natural barren of Clay was distributed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2016

This research was completed to provide fundamental data regarding the guidelines to installing and managing utility facilities & structures in wetland protected area to advance the functions and sustainable use of ecology services by preserving the ecology within wetland protected area. There were 5 on-site researching areas that were used as the main subject with these areas chosen and considered from 21 inland wetlands that have been designated and are being managed from the Ministry of Environment and by their designated dates as a wetland protected area. The utility facilities in these wetland areas were categorized by their types and a detailed on-site investigation was proceeded with investigation items chosen whereas these facilities are working by their roles from their location, size, used materials, types, information contents and etc., The results showed that regarding informational structures, several locations of information boards were distanced from the main exploring routes which did not consider the visitor's eye level which had their readability dropped and by sunlight, time lapse and water penetration, many information boards were damaged or corrupted so that it was hard to confirm the information noticed or understanding an image. Insufficient observation and educational structures were installed that considered the ecological characteristics of wild animals and their living conditions. Regarding convenience facilities, there were parking lots that were installed on the fore-land and to decrease non-point solution sources, some parking lots needed to be located in protected lowlands while some facilities' shape and colors did not harmonize with their natural surroundings, creating a sense of awareness, which will need some more consideration. As for safety facilities, they were very insufficient compared to other facilities. This means that additional safety structures are needed so that related personnel can be aware of where a visitor is located when an accident occurs. Protectional facilities strongly needed new structures and a management system to cut off entrances and do surveillance so that visitors do not go into areas outside of the managed areas and bring damages to restricted locations. Research labs needed to expand the use of automatic weather systems and water gauge equipments to build fundamental data regarding floodgates that are intimated to the forming of wetlands. Sensor cameras and other types of monitoring systems are needed to monitor the majority types of animals living in the wetlands as well.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.225-238
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• 2020

The agricultural landscape is considered an important space to provide service functions, but the reality is that environmental and ecological problems are being reported in the creation of a facility horticulture complex. Therefore, this study was conducted to contribute to sustainable agriculture by creating a more eco-friendly facility horticultural complex. The elements of planning for eco-friendly development of the facility horticultural complex were derived from literature and expert surveys. The master plan and the bird's-eye view were then applied to the Saemangeum area by applying the planning elements. After analyzing the method of selecting and deploying input elements for improving functions, it was suggested that low-flow areas, wetlands, artificial storage facilities, green spaces, and waterways should be placed in harmony with the landscape and that the building-to-land ratio should be applied at 55%. The final design was prepared by applying the ecological service function improvement plan proposed by experts. The final bird's-eye view also reflected water purification facilities, connection of wetlands to waterways, packing of pitchers, and connection of green areas. The results of the research are expected to be used as basic data for policy and budget allocation for the eco-friendly creation of horticulture facilities and contribute to sustainable agriculture by contributing to national biodiversity and environmental preservation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.115-128
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• 2019

The A1B scenario predicts that the mean air temperature of South Korea will rise up to $3.8^{\circ}C$ by 2071. However, the effects of ecosystem services are declining because of various environmental problems, including climate change, land use change, stream intensification, non-point pollution, and untreated garbage. Moreover, horticultural sites which have various ecosystem services suffer highly absorbed heat from the heat island phenomenon associated with climate change. Therefore, we analyzed the heat island phenomenon occurring in an protected horticulture estimated area in Saemanguem, South Korea. Using an advanced measurement method, we examined the air temperature change derived from water channels as well as open spaces. The CFD analysis of coverage ratio 85% design showed wind speed of 2.09 m/s and temperature of $38.07^{\circ}C$. At a coverage ratio of 70%, the wind speed was improved to 2.61 m/s and the temperature was improved to $36.89^{\circ}C$. In Alternative 2 with wetlands and trees, the wind speed was 2.71 m/s and the temperature was $35.90^{\circ}C$. When the coverage ratio decreases to 55%, the wind speed increases showing 3.06 m/s and the temperature decreases showing $35.18^{\circ}C$.