• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2018

The Suncheon Bay National Garden and Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve in Suncheon city are becoming a famous tourist place in national wide. This study investigates the visitors' behavior and economic impacts of the Mulbit Festival held in Suncheon Bay National Garden from July to August 2017. Results of visitors' behaviors showed that the total number of visitors to the festival were 802,825; 75.0% of respondents were outside visitors; 52% of respondents were accommodation visitors; 52.8% of respondents had a plan to visit downtown of Suncheon city. Results of economic impacts of the Mulbit festival showed that the per capita average consumption expenditure of outside visitors and inside visitors were respectively 112,793 won and 17,269 won; the total direct economic impacts was 57 billion won and production, income, and value added inducement impacts among the total indirect economic impacts were respectively 91.9 billion won, 19.1 billion won, and 41.3 billion won.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.187-187
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• 2012

최근 환경에 대한 관심이 증대하면서 생물다양성, 홍수조절, 온실가스 저감 등 다양한 기능을 수행하는 습지에 대한 보전 및 복원을 위한 많은 노력들이 진행되고 있다. 습지 보전 및 복원을 위한 다양한 방안 중 하나가 댐 및 주변지역을 습지로 조성하여 활용하는 방안이라고 할 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 댐 및 주변지역의 습지로서의 활용을 위한 특성 파악이 우선적으로 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 댐 주변지역에 조성된 습지와 댐 저수지 자체를 모두 포함하여 댐습지라고 정의하고, 댐습지가 지니고 있는 습지의 기능 및 경제적 가치를 추정하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상지역은 기준습지와 대상습지로 구분되며, 기준습지는 우포늪과 보령댐, 대상습지는 용담댐이다. 댐습지의 기능평가는 수문지형학적 특성을 고려하는 HGM(Hydrogeomorphic Method)을 이용하였으며, 가치평가는 조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 이용하였다. 기능평가 결과는 우포늪과 보령댐을 각각 기준지역으로 선정하였을 경우로 구분하여 나타낼 수 있다. 자연습지인 우포늪을 기준지역으로 선정하였을 경우에는 댐의 주목적과 관련이 있는 수문학적 기능이 높게 평가되었으나 습지 내에서 진행되는 생지화학적 기능과 다양한 식물 종에 대한 서식처로써의 기능은 다소 미흡한 것으로 평가되었다. 보령댐을 기준지역을 선정하였을 경우에는 일부 기능을 제외하고 대부분의 기능이 유사한 것으로 평가되었다. 조건부가치측정법을 이용한 용담댐의 경제적 가치평가는 댐습지 생태공원조성에 따른 훼손된 습지의 보호, 희귀생물종의 보호, 휴양 및 여가기능 제공을 주요인으로 설정하고 설문조사를 수행하여 가치를 추정하였다. 그 결과 용담댐의 총 가치는 우포늪의 가치와 비교하였을 때 우포늪의 35~41%에 해당하는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구에서 수행된 댐습지의 기능 및 가치평가 결과는 댐이 단순히 이 치수 측면으로만 이용되는 것이 아니라 생태학적으로도 활용성이 있다는 사실을 나타내고 있다. 이를 통해서 향후 댐의 친환경적 활용 방안 및 댐습지 관리 방안에 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 댐에 대한 긍정적인 인식 증진에도 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2010

Purpose of this study is to define the wise use of Nakdong River estuary based on the expert's survey aiming to identify the core conservation area, the buffering area and the transition area of the estuary. The boundary of the each area is determined by overlaying the expert's opinion of the conservation area, the Biotop conservation value evaluation carried out by Busan Metropolitan city and the designated legal boundary of conservation such as Cultural Reserve area and Wetland Reserve area. Then the concept for wise use of the core preservation area, the buffering area and the transition area is set by the discussion, brainstorming and several workshops. We believe this research leads the sustainable development in the area of the Nakdong River estuary and helps to minimize the conflict among the stakeholders.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.114-125
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• 2024

Wetlands in the living area are important ecological resources that are the basis for the daily life or farming activities of local residents, and have high ecological value such as ecosystem services and green infrastructure. This study was carried out to develop a functional evaluation methodology optimized for small-scale wetlands(RAMS). Based on on-site evaluation by experts, surveys and in-depth interviews, four functional items, including biodiversity, health, hydrophilic culture and ecology, water circulation, and carbon absorption, and 15 detailed indicators, and the evaluation grade for each detailed indicator, were developed on a 5-point scale. The evaluation methodology optimized for small-scale living areas wetlands (RAMS) proposed as a result of this study can be used as basic data for conservation and restoration and management of small-scale living areas wetlands at home and abroad.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2014

Artificial precipitation ponds, consisting of three steps of oxidation pond, successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS) and swamp, were constructed for the treatment of the acid mine drainage from the Iwal coal mine. The efficacies of the passive treatment system in terms of neutralization of mine water and removal of dissolved ions were evaluated by the chemical analyses of the water samples. Mine water in the mine adits was acidic, showing the pH value of 2.28-2.42 but the value increased rapidly to 6.17-6.53 in the Oxidation pond. The purification efficiencies for the removal of Al and Fe were 100%, whereas those of $SO_4$, Mg, Ca, and Mn were relatively low of 50%, 40%, 24%, and 59%, respectively. These results indicate a need for application of additional remediation techniques in the passive treatment systems. The precipitates that formed at the bottom of the mine water channels were mainly schwertmannite ($Fe_8O_8(OH)_6SO_4$) and those in the leachate water were 2-line ferrihydrite ($Fe_2O_3{cdot}0.5H_2O$).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.194-204
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper was to propose a Topographic Position Index(TPI) method for predicting forest wetlands, and also to test the suitability of the predicted forest wetlands by comparing with the existing wetlands in Ulaju-gun and Gyengsangnam-do. A prediction of the spatial distribution of forest wetlands was accomplished by TPI grids from Digital Elevation Model(DEM), and the classification results of slope position and landform categories in study area using the TPI values. According to the results of predicting forest wetlands distribution by TPI method, the predicted area in case of less than $5^{\circ}$ flat slope criteria occupied 0.1%($1.38km^2$) of the total area, and 3.5%($37.1km^2$) of total area in below $10^{\circ}$ slope criteria. According to the results of the suitability analysis by comparing the predicted area with the existing forest wetlands, the suitability value (0.066) of the predicted area with less than $10^{\circ}$ flat slope criteria was the highest, but the predicted area in case of less than $20^{\circ}$ had the lowest value(0.019).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.268-287
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• 2022

This study reports newly discovered seven forest wetlands in the western part of the Korean Demilitarized Zone-Civilian Control Zone ecoregion. The wetland assessment criteria proposed by National Arboretum were adopted to evaluate four fields: vegetation and landscape, biogeochemical cycle, hydraulics and hydrology, and social-cultural-historical landscape and disturbances. Among seven wetlands located in Gimpo and Paju, five were of the fallow field type and two were of the natural type. A total of 474 plant species were recorded, including nine rare plants, such as the Carex capricornis Meinsh. ex Maxim. Three forest wetlands were sorted into A-grade, three into B-grade, and one into C-grade. Monitoring forest wetlands scattered across the border area ruled by military regulations can be challenging; still, as forest wetlands with high conservation value turned out, further investigations through remote sensing and cooperation by the relevant agencies will be required.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

The term ecosystem services refers to natural ecosystems' benefits to humans. Various models have been developed and applied to quantify ecosystem services. Habitat quality assessment is a widely used leading InVEST ecosystem service model. In Korea, habitat quality assessment is conducted for national parks. For habitat quality assessment, the initial value of habitat quality must be used to assess the sensitivity to threats, which varies depending on the country and application field. Therefore, an expert survey (AHP) was conducted based on previous habitat quality assessments in national parks to adjust the sensitivity, the initial value for the habit quality assessment. As a result of the AHP, 18 items were adjusted, including 10 items, such as natural grassland and unarranged fields, upward and 8 items, such as rivers and ponds, downward. Based on the adjusted sensitivity results, the habitat quality of Bukhansan National Park and Gyeryongsan National Park (urban type), Gyeongju National Park (historic type), Hallyeohaesang National Park (ocean type), and Jirisan National Park and Seoraksan National Park (mountain type) were adjusted. The results of the analysis showed that the habitat quality of urban dry areas and water bodies distributed in the national parks was reflected in the habitat quality assessment. In the future, it will be possible to evaluate the habitat quality of natural parks using this standard.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.318-326
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• 2022

The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) recommends that 17% of the land be designated as a protected area to counter global environmental problems. Korea also realized a need to designate protected areas according to the international level and explain the significance of designating protected areas. Accordingly, studies on ecosystem services are required. In Korea, the protected areas are designated as national parks, provincial parks, and county parks by hierarchy under the Natural Parks Act. However, as priority was on political and administrative aspects, research on ecosystem service value evaluation and habitat management were concentrated in national parks, and provincial and county parks were relatively neglected. Therefore, more studies on provincial and county parks are necessary. In this study, habitat quality for Gajisan Provincial Park, where there were few studies on habitat management and ecosystem service valuation, was evaluated using the InVEST Habitat Quality model among the InVEST models. The analysis results were compared with 16 mountainous national parks. The results showed that the habitat quality value of Gajisan Provincial Park was 0.83, higher than that of the surrounding areas. The analysis of habitat quality in three districts showed 0,84 for the Tongdosa and Naewonsa districts and 0.83 for the Seoknamsa district. By use district, the nature conservation district, the natural environment district, the cultural heritage district, and the park village district had the highest habitat quality value in that order. Compared with the existing habitat quality analysis results of national parks, Gajisan Provincial Park showed naturalness at the level of Mudeungsan National Park. These results can be used as objective data for establishing policies and management plans to preserve biodiversity and promote ecosystem services in provincial parks.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.330-337
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• 2015

Pre-monsoon dynamics of zooplankton community were investigated in Yongwol West River tributary; wetland shaped Korean Peninsula. Zooplankters were collected at three sites (stn 1: Yongwol West River, stn 2: Pyungchang River, stn 3: Jucheon River) monthly during the period between March and July 2014 except April. Totally 58 taxa of zooplankton occurred, consisting of 27 species of rotifer, 18 species of cladoceran, eight species of copepod, four kinds of aquatic insect larvae and one nematod. Lotic cladocerans of Alona spp. belonging to Chydoridae occurred frequently while typical lentic ones of Bosmina spp. and Daphnia spp. were not distributed, then sampling sites may be located in lotic waters. Zooplankton abundance recorded as $4,451-8,011indiv{\cdot}m^{-3}$ in Jucheon River but never exceeded $500indiv{\cdot}m^{-3}$ in other rivers. In Yongwol West River, dominant taxa were aquatic insect larvae from March through June and succeeded to cladocerans and copepods in July. Similar succession was observed in Jucheon River where aquatic insect larvae dominated in March and changed to cladocerans and copepods from May with high abundance. No such succession of zooplankton community was detected in Pyunchang River. Species diversity indices were the highest in Yongwol West River except in March. High values of dissolved oxygen ($9.0-11.0 mg{\cdot}liter^{-1}$) may show the characteristics of mountain streams. Water temperature increased gradually from $10.1^{\circ}C$ to $27.9^{\circ}C$ and pH varied within generally high range between 7.9-8.9, respectively. High value of pH seems to be derived from lime stone mines and cement factories around the studied area.