• 제목/요약/키워드: Wet-solution

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원료물질에 따른 실리콘 질화막의 원자층 증착 특성 비교 (A Comparative Study on the Precursors for the Atomic Layer Deposition of Silicon Nitride Thin Films)

  • 이원준;이주현;이연승;나사균;박종욱
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.141-145
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    • 2004
  • Silicon nitride thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique in a batch-type reactor by alternating exposures of precursors. XJAKO200414714156408$_4$ or$ SiH_2$$Cl_2$ was used as the Si precursor, $NH_3$ was used as the N precursor, and the deposited films were characterized comparatively. The thickness of the film linearly increased with the number of deposition cycles, so that the thickness of the film can be precisely controlled by adjusting the number of cycles. As compared with the deposition using$ SiCl_4$, the deposition using $SiH_2$$Cl_2$ exhibited larger deposition rate at lower precursor exposures, and the deposited films using $SiH_2$$Cl_2$ had lower wet etch rate in a diluted HF solution. Silicon nitride films with the Si:N ratio of approximately 1:1 were obtained using either Si precursors at $500^{\circ}C$, however, the films deposited using $SiH_2$$Cl_2$ exhibited higher concentration of H as compared with those of the $SiC_4$ case. Silicon nitride thin films deposited by ALD showed similar physical properties, such as composition or integrity, with the silicon nitride films deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, lowering deposition temperature by more than $200^{\circ}C$.

탄소에어로젤 복합전극의 전기용량적 탈이온 공정 특성 (Characteristics of Capacitive Deionization Process using Carbon Aerogel Composite Electrodes)

  • 이기택;조원일;조병원
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.77-81
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    • 2005
  • 전기화학적으로 이온을 흡착시켜 이온을 제거하는 capacitive deionization(CDI)공정용 전극으로 탄소에어로젤에 실리카젤이 첨가된 다공성 탄소에어로젤 복합전극을 사용하여 1,000ppm NaCl수용액에서 탈염 특성에 대한 충전과 방전시 시간에 따른 전류 변화, CDI효율을 조사하였다. Paste rolling법으로 제조된 $10\times10cm^2$다공성 탄소에어로젤 복합전극은 촉매 분야에서 활용되고 있는 다공성 지지체인 실리카젤을 첨가함으로써 CDI 반응진행에 대한 전극활물질 탈락이 없이 전극의 성형성이 크게 향상되었고, 친수성과 전극의 기계적 강도 증가 및 CDI 효율을 증가시킬 수 있었다. 이러한 45개의 전극을 하나의 묶음으로 네 개의 단을 직렬연결 하여, CDI 시스템을 구성하였고 충전 시에는 1.2V, 방전 시에는 0.001V를 각각 10분간 인가하여 실험한 결과 $99\%$ 이상의 CDI 효율을 달성하였다.

습식법으로 제조한 수산화아파타이트 분말의 소결과 그 기계적 성질에 미치는 pHqus화의 영향 (Effect of pH Variation on the Sintering of Hydroxyapatite Powders Prepared by the Wet Method and their Mechanical Properties)

  • 정형진;김병호;신용규
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.305-314
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    • 1989
  • Effect of pH variation in starting solution for the making of hydroxyapatite powder was studied in relation to the sinterability of the powder and their mechanical properties of the sintered hydroxyapatite ceramics. The sinterability of hydroxyapatite powder prepared at different pH was found to be improved with increase in pH value of the starting solutions. Thus the powders prepared from the higher pH solutions including 10.5, 11.0 and 11.5 could be well densified almost upto theoretical density by firing for 1 hr at 1,00$0^{\circ}C$. But the powder based on pH 10 exhibited less sinterability even being fired at much higher temperature of 1,10$0^{\circ}C$, it gave only 90-95% of theoretical density. On the other hand the powder prepared on the lowest pH value 9.5 could not be well densified and it could obtain only 78% of theoretical density even by firing at 1,30$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. It was found that prismatic crystals of whitlockite were always included in the sintered bodies based on the lower pH values as a minority crystalline phase together with the major crystalline phase of hydroxyapatite and its inclusion might impair the sinterability of powder. However in the case of the higher pH, the powder contained only hydroxyapatite as a crystalline phase on sintering without any minorities. The sphere shape of crystals might help effectively the densification of the bodies. The best mechanical properties could be obtained from the body of pH 11 sintered at 1,10$0^{\circ}C$, which gave 99.5% of theoretical density, 662Kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$ of vickers hardness and 1,352Kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of diameteral compression strength.

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법랑질 접착에 대한 습윤 효과 (EFFECT OF WETNESS ON THE ENAMEL BONDING)

  • 고근호;조영곤;진철희;유상훈;김종욱;박병철;기영재;최희영;김종진
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.205-211
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    • 2004
  • This study evaluated the microleakage and interfacial gap between enamel and composite resin under the dry and wet condition of the enamel surface. V shaped class 5 cavities were prepared on the occlusal portion of extracted human molars. Samples were divided into three groups:D group (air dry for 10-15s), BD group (blot dry with moist cotton pellet), and DR group (air dry for 10-15s and rewet with Aqua-Prep F for 20s), Cavities were filled using Aelitefil composite resin after applied One-Step. Microleakage was tested by 2% methylene blue dye solution and the data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. Also Enamel-resin interface was observed under SEM. Group BD showed statistically lower microleakage than group D (p < 0.05). but there was no statistically significant difference between group BD and DR (p > 0.05). At the enamel-resin interface, group D showed the gap of $2{\;}{\mu}m$ thickness, but group BD and DR showed close adaptation. In conclusion, the use of blot dry and rewetting agent (Aqua-Prep F) resulted in decreased microleakage and improved adhesion between enamel and resin when using One-Step.

폴리(비닐 알코올)/키토산 블렌드 필름의 제조 및 특성 (Preparation and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend Films)

  • 정민기;김대선;최용혁;손태원;권오경;임학상
    • 폴리머
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.253-262
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    • 2004
  • 독성이 없고 생분해성과 생체적합성을 가지는 폴리(비닐 알코올)/키토산 블렌드 필름들은 용액상태로 캐스팅 하여 제조하였다. 블렌드 필름들의 물리화학적 특성들의 변화는 여러 가지의 분석방법을 통해 조사하였다. 항균특성의 고찰에서 키토산이 10 wt% 이상 함유된 모든 블렌드 필름의 정균율은 99.9%로 우수하게 나타났다. 수분율은 키토산의 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하나 팽윤도는 감소하였다. 키토산 함량이 15 wt% 내에서는 블렌드 필름의 용융온도와 결정화온도가 키토산의 함량에 따라 증가하였다. 또한, 키토산이 10, 15 wt% 함유된 블렌드 필름들은 용융온도가 각각 229와 228$^{\circ}C$로 순수 PVA보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 그러나 키토산 함량이 20 wt% 이상일 경우 용융온도는 감소하였다. 블렌드 필름의 역학적 특성들은 습윤상태 및 건조상태 모두 키토산 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가한다 키토산 함량이 15 wt% 내에서 높은 인장강도를 나타낸다.

Phenol Free Heat-Set 윤전 잉크의 인쇄적성에 관한 연구 (제3보) - 잉크 유화가 인쇄품질에 미치는 영향 - (The Study of the Printability on the Phenol Free Heat-Set Web Inks(III) - Effects of the Emulsification of Ink on Print Quality -)

  • 하영백;오성상;이원재
    • 펄프종이기술
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2012
  • The lithographic process depends on a satisfactory ink-in-water emulsion being formed during printing and the speed of wet presses makes the choice of fountain solution vitally important as the ink and fount must react quickly to form a stable emulsion. Ink and water come into contact with each other on the rolls of the press and are forced together in the roll nips. The water is not soluble in the ink since it is slightly fat. Instead, an emulsion is formed, a heterogeneous mass consisting of small water drops mixed into the ink, if the water feed is too great. This emulsification can affect the properties of an off-set ink and negatively affect the printability. So we investigated the effects of the emulsification of phenol free heat-set ink and existing heat-set ink on printed quality, such as amount of ink transfer, printed density, print-through and uniformity. We used Duke emulsification tester for the emulsification of inks, and used IGT printability tester for printed quality. The printed quality were measured by densitometer and were evaluated by the image analysis system. Compared to conventional printing ink, phenol-free ink showed better results of the printability at the emulsification.

종이에 부착된 테이프를 박리하는 동시에 지문을 현출하는 이중목적시약(dual-purpose)에 관한 연구 (Dual-purpose Reagent for Separating Paper with Tape and Developing Fingerprints on the Paper Simultaneously)

  • 서윤희;김연지;신민섭;유제설
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.463-471
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    • 2019
  • 테이프는 납치, 강도, 폭탄제조 등 강력범죄에 사용되며, 테이프 접착면에는 지문, DNA 등 수사에 필요한 증거가 남아있을 수 있다. 이러한 증거를 수집하기 위해서는 테이프 접착면을 박리하는 과정이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 테이프가 다공성표면에 부착되어 있는 경우에 한 가지 시약을 사용하여 테이프를 손상없이 박리하면서 동시에 다공성표면에서 지문을 현출할 수 있는 새로운 조성의 이중목적시약을 탐색하였다. 실험 결과, 새로운 조성의 1,2-IND 농축용액과 HFE-7100의 비율이 1:2인 조성의 시약이 A4 용지에 테이프가 부착되어 있는 경우 테이프 접착면에 손상이 가지 않으면서, 박리한 종이에 열을 가하여 바로 지문을 현출할 수 있었다. 따라서 테이프가 다공성 표면에 부착되어 있는 경우에 본 연구에서 제시하는 새로운 조성의 1,2-IND(HFE-7100 기반, 1:2)를 사용할 것을 권장한다.

황구지천 유역의 오염부하 특성 및 지류 영향 평가 (Evaluation on Pollution Load Characteristics and Influence of Tributaries in the Hwangguji Stream)

  • 임수진;임병란;이한샘;강주형;안태웅;신현상
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.249-262
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    • 2021
  • This study investigated the pollution characteristics of the main pollution zone in the Hwangguji watershed and the influence of the tributary on the main stream. The characteristics of the main pollution zone, including, the water quality index (WQI), stream rating, load duration curve (LDC), delivery load density (DLD), and contribution of the tributary to the mainstream, were evaluated by time-series visual heatmap. The WQI of the mainstream of Hwangguji was lowered to the poor (IV) level from the inflow point of Suwon stream (SW) and the LDC excess rate in the T-P was higher than that of BOD5, especially for the wet season, suggesting that management of non-point source with T-P is preferred. The contribution (%) of the tributaries in the upstream section of Hwangguji watershed were BOD5 14.54%, TOC 15.67%, T-N 5.43%, and T-P 6.97%. In particular, the Suwon sewage treatment plant located in the mainstream showed a high contribution of BOD5 (64.40%) and T-P (53.54%), respectively, due to the high discharge rate (6.019 m3/sec). Meanwhile, Sammi and Gal stream have a large impact on the mainstream with high DLD and poor WQI. Thus, both streams were considered as pollution hot spots. These results provide useful basic data for preparing more effective water quality improvement and management plans in the watershed.

Time-domain coupled analysis of curved floating bridge under wind and wave excitations

  • Jin, Chungkuk;Kim, MooHyun;Chung, Woo Chul;Kwon, Do-Soo
    • Ocean Systems Engineering
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.399-414
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    • 2020
  • A floating bridge is an innovative solution for deep-water and long-distance crossing. This paper presents a curved floating bridge's dynamic behaviors under the wind, wave, and current loads. Since the present curved bridge need not have mooring lines, its deep-water application can be more straightforward than conventional straight floating bridges with mooring lines. We solve the coupled interaction among the bridge girders, pontoons, and columns in the time-domain and to consider various load combinations to evaluate each force's contribution to overall dynamic responses. Discrete pontoons are uniformly spaced, and the pontoon's hydrodynamic coefficients and excitation forces are computed in the frequency domain by using the potential-theory-based 3D diffraction/radiation program. In the successive time-domain simulation, the Cummins equation is used for solving the pontoon's dynamics, and the bridge girders and columns are modeled by the beam theory and finite element formulation. Then, all the components are fully coupled to solve the fully-coupled equation of motion. Subsequently, the wet natural frequencies for various bending modes are identified. Then, the time histories and spectra of the girder's dynamic responses are presented and systematically analyzed. The second-order difference-frequency wave force and slowly-varying wind force may significantly affect the girder's lateral responses through resonance if the bridge's lateral bending stiffness is not sufficient. On the other hand, the first-order wave-frequency forces play a crucial role in the vertical responses.

NOx 제거용 WO3-TiO2 계 SCR 촉매 제조 및 열적열화거동연구 (Preparation and Thermal Degradation Behavior of WO3-TiO2 Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx)

  • 신병길;김장훈;윤상현;이희수;신동우;민화식
    • 대한금속재료학회지
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    • 제49권8호
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    • pp.596-600
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    • 2011
  • Thermal degradation behavior of a $WO_3-TiO_2$ monolithic catalyst was investigated in terms of structural, morphological, and physico-chemical analyses. The catalyst with 4 wt.% $WO_3$ contents were prepared by a wet-impregnation method, and a durability test of the catalysts were performed in a temperature range between $400^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ for 3 h. An increase of thermal stress decreased the specific surface area, which was caused by grain growth and agglomeration of the catalyst particles. The phase transition from anatase to rutile occurred at around $800^{\circ}C$ and a decrease in the Brønsted acid sites was confirmed by structural analysis and physico-chemical analysis. A change in Brønsted acidity can affect to the catalytic efficiency; therefore, the thermal degradation behavior of the $WO_3-TiO_2$ catalyst could be explained by the transition to a stable rutile phase of $TiO_2$ and the decrease of specific surface area in the SCR catalyst.