• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2023

덕티드팬의 동력절환장치인 클러치의 마찰판 사양을 최적설계하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 클러치는 기계적 잠금장치의 적용 여부에 따라 2가지 방식으로 구분하고 각자의 설계 조건 하에 최적화 되었다. 클러치를 최적 설계하기 위한 인자로 전달토크 용량, 마찰재 면압, 마찰면의 온도 및 드래그 토크 등을 계산하였고, 클러치 분리판의 부피와 드래그 토크의 최소화를 최적설계의 목적함수로 활용하였다. 기계적 잠금장치가 포함되지 않은 Type 1의 경우 덕티드팬의 피치각에 상관없이 클러치의 작동이 가능하지만, 기계적 잠금장치가 포함된 Type 2에 비해 마찰면의 외경이 약 2배정도 증가하였고, 부피는 약 5~7배, 드래그 토크는 약 7~12배 정도 증가하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

The tribological properties of paper-based friction materials are crucial to the performance of a wet clutch system. In this work, the friction and wear characteristics of a paper-based friction material in boundary lubrication state was experimentally investigated using a pin-on-reciprocating tribotester under various normal forces and temperatures. It was found that the wear rate of the friction material increased from $5.8{\times}10^{-6}mm^3/N/cycle$ to $5.5{\times}10^{-5}mm^3/N/cycle$ after 1,700 cycles of testing at $80^{\circ}C$ as normal force increased from 2 N to 7 N. The friction coefficient was also found to increase from 0.135 to 0.155 with increasing normal force from 2 N to 7 N. The increase in contact pressure with increasing normal force may be responsible for these results. In addition, as temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$, the wear rate of the friction materials increased from $2.0{\times}10^{-5}mm^3/N/cycle$ to $3.6{\times}10^{-5}mm^3/N/cycle$ while the friction coefficient decreased from 0.163 to 0.146. This result may be associated with the decrease in the hardness of friction materials with increasing temperature. Furthermore, plastic deformation on the friction materials was mainly observed after the test. The outcome of this work may be useful to gain a better understanding of the tribological properties of friction materials, and therefore can contribute to the development of friction materials with enhanced performance for wet clutch systems.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Clutches are an integral part of the automatic transmission for changing gears. Modern automatic transmissions make extensive use of wet multiple-disc clutches employing hydraulic actuation mechanism with electronic control. Although nowadays, highly advanced shifting algorithm implements the superior shift quality and transmission efficiency, its performance should be based on smooth, reliable engagement with a reasonably durable friction material as well as stable clutch piston dynamics. Particularly, clutch filling control is the crucial part of shifting process because only the open-loop control is available due to the lack of measurement. In this paper, the effect of clutch-fill control parameters on clutch piston dynamics is experimentally investigated by using clutch piston test equipment which enables the clutch piston to actuate similar to real shifting conditions. The experimental analysis results can be expected to be utilized for the calibration of proportional solenoid valve as reference current profile data in vehicle test.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.157-166
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• 1999

This paper describes the launching characteristics of a passenger car using a Push-Belt type Continuously Variable Transmission(CVT) which equipped a wet type multi-plate clutch asa starting device and a solid flywheel with a torsional damper for a torsional coupling device. To reduce the torsional vibration of the drive-line , some torsional coupling devices were used for the passenger car equipped CVT having the clutch as a starting device especially . In this study, we developed the computer simulation program to investigate the launching characteristics of a passenger car equipped CVT using the mathematical models of this system. For the mathematical models of the vehicle, the CVT, the we type multi-plate clutch and the torsional damper, we obtained the specification and the necessary data through the reverse engineering of those. For the verification of our analysis, we performed the test of prototype car with different throttle positions at road and dynamometer. The launching characteristics of a passenger car considered here an acceleration performance and an ascending performance.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2020

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2009

The objective of this paper was to investigate the slip rate and the slip frequency number of damper clutch of torque converter in 2.4L passenger vehicle with 5-speed A/T and analyze the effect of slip control and control strategy on driving characteristics and the fuel economy. The newly developed torque converter with the more durable wet friction material and the slip-controlled damper clutch system, the DCC system, was installed, which was easily compatible and amendable of the lock-up clutch of the base system. The vehicle has been tested on the fuel economy modes such as FTP-75, HWFET and NEDC (ECE15+EUDC) driving cycle at chassis dynamometer. The DCC mode (II), of which the control strategy had both the lock-up and the slip-controlled clutch, and the DCC mode (I) with full slip-controlled clutch were compared with the base system with only the lock-up clutch. As the research result, comparison to base system, the fuel consumption of the vehicle with the DCC control (II) was effectively improved by 6.6% and 7.7% on FTP-75 and NEDC mode.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1997

In this paper, the modeling and analysis of dynamic characteristics has been carried out for friction clutches and brakes in an automatic transmission. From the operating oil pressure generated by the valve-body, time delay by check valve and the movement of piston has been examined. Also torque capacity and torque transferred at the clutch is studied. Heat capacity and temperature distribution at the reaction plate of clutch are codeled by time-dependent, nonhomogeneous partial differential equation, and brake torque, brake time, and the amount of heat generated are investigated. It is found that the time delay at the check valve is very short but dominant at the spool.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The stability of friction characteristics and thermal management for a dry type dual clutch transmission (DCT) are inferior to those of a wet clutch. Too high temperature resulting from frequent engagement of DCT speeds up degradation or serious wear of the pressure plate or burning of the clutch disk lining. Even though it is significantly important to estimate the temperature of a dry double clutch (DDC) in real-time, few meaningful study of the thermal model of DDC has been known yet. This study presented a thermal analytical model of lumped parameters for a DDC by analyzing its each component firstly. Then a series of experimental test was carried out on the test bench with a patented temperature telemetry system to validate the proposed thermal model. The thermal model, whose optimal parameter values were found by optimization algorithm, was also simulated on the experimental test conditions. The simulation results of DDC temperature show consistency with the experiment, which validates the proposed thermal model of DDC.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2002

Pb and Cd concentrations and reproductive progress of feral pigeons were investigated in urban (Seoul) and industrial complex (Ansan) areas from November 2000 to May 2001. Results of the Pb analysis for the feral pigeons from the Ansan industrial complex (egg contents: 1.13 $\mu$g/wet g, bones of adult: 10.5 $\mu$g/wet g) and Seoul (1.64 $\mu$g/wet g, 29.5 $\mu$g/wet g, respectively) indicated that the Pb level of eggs and bones of adults were significantly different between the two colonies (p<0.05). Cd concentrations in liver and kidney of adult pigeons were also significantly different between the Ansan (liver: 0.14 $\mu\textrm{g}$/wet g, kidney: 0.43 $\mu$g/wet g) and Seoul (liver. 0.24 $\mu$g/wet g, kidney: 1.05 $\mu$g/wet g) colonies. (p<0.05). However, egg size and thickness, incubation period and nestling growth rates did not differ between the study areas. Also, clutch size, number of young hatched per nest and number of young fledglings per nest did not significantly different in the noted areas. Considering the lead and cadmium concentrations of pigeons, these were not as high as those considered as results in toxic effects in other species, and the biological significance from these level differences is uncertain.

• 오토저널
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.56-65
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• 1990

Wet-friction materials have been widely used for clutches and brakes of automotives over past several decades. In order to enhance its performance, its friction behaviour should be fully understood. It is, however, still not at hand and therefore an attempt was made to have some more understanding of friction behaviour of wet-friction materials. Measurements of coefficient of friction were made with the variation of lubricants, lub. temperature, sliding velocity, and contact pressure. In addition, the effects of both the viscosity of lubricants and the porosity of materials on the coefficient of friction were also investigated. It can be concluded that the coefficient of friction is decreased as the concentrations of the resin and inorganic fillers are increased, and it tends to decrease with the increase in the lubricant temperature and sliding velocity.