• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.74-84
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• 1983

The dominant species of the sand vegetation in the western coast of Korea were Carex pumila, Ischaemum antheporoides, Calystegia soldanella, Carex kobomugi and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii. The salt content of the sand dune soil and of the atmosphere of surveyed areas ranged from 3.93 to 13.86 mg% and from 25.81 to 168.86mg% respectively. Between the salt content of the atmosphere and that of the soil positive relationship was found. Species density and Simpson's index increased with the distance from the coast, the former was exponential, however, the latter was linear. The composition of biological types in the investigated stands were H-D4-R1-3-e or H-D4-R1-3-t. Relative numbers of psammophytes and rhizome psammophytes decreased with the distance from the coast, but those of other plants increased. The standing crop of the sand dune vegetation ranged from 0.04 to 491.64g/m2 and the average 27.77g/m2. This was varied as the stands and showed a linear increment as the distance from the coast was increased. The salt content of atmosphere significantly affected the density, T/R ratio in the standing crop and Simpson's index. The salt content of soil showed similar tendency on the density and the T/R ratio.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.389-398
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• 1995

한국 서해 중부 연안의 12개 지소에서 조간대 해조류의 종조성과 생물량을 조사하였다. 조사지역에서 채집 동정된 해조류는 남조식물 19종, 녹조식물 20종, 갈조식물 32종 및 홍조식물 80종으로 총 151종이었다. 이 가운데 지충이(Sargassum thunbergii), 마디털(Stylonema alsidii) 및 꼬시래기(Gracilaria verrucosa)의 3종이 12개 조사지소 모두에서 출현하였다. 단위면적당 해조류 생물량은 백사장과 대천에서 41 g dry $wt{\cdot}m^{-2}$의 매우 낮은 평균 생물량을 보인 반면, 조사지역 가운데 가장 북쪽에 위치한 의항리에서 549 g dry $wt{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 가장 많았는데, 이 수준은 지금까지 서해안에서 측정된 해조류 생물량 가운데 가장 많은 양이다. 해조류의 문별 생물량 구성비율은 전반적으로 갈조식물이 가장 높게 나타난 반면, 녹조식물이 가장 낮았다. 출현종 가운데 지충이는 모든 조사지소에서 조간대 전반에 걸쳐 우점적인 생육을 보였다. 그러나 산호말류(Corallina spp.)는 조사지역의 상부인 태안반도의 지소들에서 우점적인 생육을 보였고 하부의 지소들에서도 부분적으로 출현하였으나, 중부의 지소들에서는 거의 출현하지 않는 분리 분포를 보였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2004

A study on seasonal characteristics of phytoplankton dynamics and environmental factors was carried out at four stations including Mara-do and U-do located in the western and eastern coast of Jeju Island in southern Korea from April 2003 to March 2004. Out of 101 phytoplankton species identified, 84 belong to Bacillariophyceae, 9 Dinophyceae, 6 phytoflagellates and 2 coccolithophorids, and the highest value of species diversity was observed in April. Phytoplankton was more abundant at the western coast than at the eastern coast from March to September and its highest abundance was 49.24 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ cells L$^{-1}$ at Mara-do in July. The pennate diatoms were more abundant at the western coast than at the eastern coast with the highest abundance of 38.75 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ cells L$^{-1}$ at Mara-do in July, and during this period Nitzschia longissima contributed 68.5% of the total phytoplankton abundance. Naviculaceae was more abundant at Gosan (western coast) in November when Stauroneis membranacea represented 80.1% of the abundance. Leptocylindrus dances contributed 49.4% of the abundance at U-do in November. Dinophyceae was more abundant at U-do in August. Water temperature and pH fluctuated from 11.7${^{\circ}C}$ to 27.1${^{\circ}C}$ and from 7.31 to 8.70, respectively. Water temperature of Mara-do was about 1-2${^{\circ}C}$ higher than the other stations. Salinity varied from 30.4 to 35.0 psu with the minimum in rainy season and the maximum at the end of winter. The concentration of NH$_4$-N, NO$_3$-N, NO$_2$-N, PO$_4$-P and SiO$_2$-Si ranged 0.07-6.79, 1.0-62.0, 1.0-8.0, 1.0-7.0 and 7.0-191.0 $\mu$g-at L$^{-1}$, respectively. Chlorophyll a concentrations varied from 0.10 to 1.17 $\mu$g L$^{-1}$. NH$_4$-N concentrations were high at U-do from May to December, and at Mara-do from January to February. The high concentrations of NO$_3$-N were found at Mara-do from June to September and at U-do from January to May. The effects of various physicochemical parameters on the seasonal distribution and succession of phytoplankton population suggest that there is a classical pattern of phytoplankton dynamics in Jeju coastal waters.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2005년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.3-7
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• 2005

한반도 동해안에 지진해일 피해를 유발할 수 있는 일본서안지역에 대하여 지진활동도, 지진공백역, 해저단층연구와 같은 기존의 연구결과 및 지진해일 수치모형을 이용한 한반도 동해안 최대파고를 유발할 수 있는 단층해를 제시하였다. 지진정보가 없는 해저단층지역에 대해 지진해일 수치모형을 수행하여 한반도 동해안에 최대의 파고를 유발할 수 있는 단층해를 제시하였다. 특히 주향의 변화에 따라 같은 규모 지진이라도 생성할 수 있는 해안가에서의 해일의 높이는 7배 이상 차이가 날 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 단층해를 이용하여 지역별, 규모별로 도달시간 및 최대해일고를 포함하는 지진해일 시나리오 DB를 구축하고 있으며 향후 기상청 국가지진분석시스템과 연계하여 지진해일 예측체계를 강화할 것이다.

• 지구물리
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2005

한반도 동해안에 지진해일 피해를 유발할 수 있는 일본서안지역에 대하여 지진활동도, 지진공백역, 해저단층연구와 같은 기존의 연구결과 및 지진해일 수치모형을 이용한 한반도 동해안 최대파고를 유발할 수 있는 단층해를 제시하였다. 지진정보가 없는 해저단층지역에 대해 지진해일 수치모형을 수행하여 한반도 동해안에 최대의 파고를 유발할 수 있는 단층해를 제시하였다. 특히 주향의 변화에 따라 같은 규모 지진이라도 생성할 수 있는 해안가에서의 해일의 높이는 7배 이상 차이가 날 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 단층해를 이용하여 지역별, 규모별로 도달시간 및 최대해일고를 포함하는 지진해일 시나리오 DB를 구축하고 있으며 향후 기상청 국가지진분석시스템과 연계하여 지진해일 예측체계를 강화할 것이다

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2007

The hypothetical earthquake located on the fault zone along the western coast of Japan, where sufficient time has elapsed since the last earthquake or an earthquake has not occurred yet, is known to possess significant potential energy. The possibility of earthquake activities occurring here in the future is high. It is expected that the resulting tsunamis will cause great damage to the East Sea coast of Korea and affect parts of the southern coast as well. In this study, tsunami that may be caused by a virtual earthquake that is expected in the hypothetical earthquake, along the western coast of Japan, will be estimated using numerical simulation. From this, the effect of the tsunami originating from the hypothetical earthquake on the southeastern coast of Korea will be evaluated by examining the water level rise due to the maximum water level rise and changing time, for each point along the southeastern coast. It will be possible to use the virtual results obtained like this as important basic materials in future disaster prevention plans and designs, for determining the direction of coastal development, for arranging seashore and harbor structures and to carry out wave resistant design for the southeastern coast of Korea.

• 물과 미래
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.253-257
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• 1983

In an attempt to study the frequency and characteristics of typhoons which hit the Korean Peninsula a period of 40 years from 1946 through 1979 was covered to collect necessary data with respect to occurrence of typhoons and their influence Typhoons which occurred between 1959 and 1980 were grouped according to their treking routes and strengths for detailed analyses. The results are summarized as follow; 1. The average annual occurrence of typhoons in the western pacific ocean was found to be 28, only two of which attacked the Korean Peninsula. 2. The annual probabilities of typhoons attacking were 0.925 for one or more, 0.700 for twice or more and 0.323 for there times or moro. 3. The monthly probabilities were found to be 0.228 in July, 0.434 in August and 0.194 in September. 4. An half of the typhoons which hit the Korean Pennisula passed through the western coast and the rest through the southern and eastern coasts in similan proportions. 5. The western coast is hit most frequently in July and less afterwords, visa-vis the southern and the eastern coast. 6. The minimum SLP averaged 983 mb and ordered by the treking routes as S

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2001

The study was conducted to get the basic information for proper protection and management of black-faced spoonbill and their habitats in western coast of South Korea. The species was observed in 8 sites of western coast of South Korea in spring 2000. We confirmed breeding of this species at least 4 pairs in Seokdo island. This island is considered likely to be an imortant breeding site together with Yodo island, Hambakdo island and Yokdo island. Also, we observed breeding of herring gull in Seokdo island and small island nearby Boleumdo island for the first time in South Korea. Chilsando island, Cheonsuman bay and Gyeokyeolbiyeoldo island were considered as stopovers located on the Korean Peninsula route. The other sites were considered as summering sites of the black-faced spoonbill. Especially the birds were constantly observed from breeding season to postbreeding season in Seonduri and Yeochari of Ganghwado island. We have counted maximum 88 individuals gathered at Gaksiyeo in Seonduri and Yeochari on September 3, 2000. The species seemed to gather at these sites after breeding for migration to wintering ground in September. We also surveyed changes of the number of individuals as time of the ebb and flow on September 3 and 6, 2000, their time budgets were affected by the ebb and flow in these sites.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2014

서해 연안해역과 제주에서 국립해양조사원이 관측한 기왕의 조위자료를 분석하여 평균해수면을 산출하고, 그 변화추세와 원인을 고찰하였다. 서해안에서 그 동안 진행된 대규모 해안개발사업이 평균해수면을 변화시켰다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 그 영향을 추정하였다. 해안개발로 인한 평균해수면 변화는 지역에 따라 큰 차이를 보였으며, 인천항 1단계 개발로 6.8 cm가 하락한 것을 제외하고는 해안개발로 인해서 평균해수면이 대체로 상승하였으며, 금강하구둑 개발로 인해서 인접한 군산내항에서는 평균해수면이 38 cm가 상승하였다. 또한 해안개발로 인한 해수면 변화량을 보정한 평균해수면 자료를 회귀분석하여 해안개발 이외의 요인 즉 자연적 요인으로 인한 해수면 상승률을 추정하였다. 서해안에서 평균해수면은 지구온난화 등의 자연적인 요인으로 인하여 연평균 1.1~4.4 mm/year가 상승하였으며, 지역적으로 편차가 커서 남부해역에서는 크고, 북부해역에서는 작았다. 제주에서는 해수온도의 상승과 평균해수면 상승과 서로 밀접한 관계가 있어서 수온이 $1^{\circ}C$ 상승하면, 평균해수면은 약 6 mm가 상승하였다. 서해안에서 평균해수면은 대체로 1980년대 중반이전에 비해서 1980년대 중반이후에 급격하게 상승하는 경향을 보였다.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2018

The Silk Road usually implies a network of trade and communications that stretched from east to west and connected China and the countries of the Far East via Central Asia and the Middle East to the eastern Mediterranean, or through the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Volga basin to the Black Sea coast. However, at certain historical stages, a network of maritime and overland routes stretching from north to south, commonly called the Volga-Caspian trade route, also played a significant role in international trade and cultural contacts. The geopolitical realities of the early Middle Ages relating to the relationship of Byzantium, the Sassanid Empire, and the West Turkic Khaganate, the advance of the Arab Caliphate to the north, the spread of Islam in the Volga region, the glories and fall of the Khazar State, and the Scandinavian campaigns in the Caucasus, closely intertwined with the history of transport and communications connecting the north and south through the Volga-Caspian route. In a later era, the interests of the Mongolian Uluses, and then the political and economic aspirations of the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid State, and Russia, collided or combined on these routes. The article discusses trade contacts existing between the north and the south in the 15th and first half of the 17th century along the routes on the western coast of the Caspian Sea.