• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.439-446
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• 2011

NCEP reanalysis data were analyzed in order to provide distribution of global wind resource and wind speed in the surface layer for the years 2000-2009. Wind speed at 10 m above ground level (AGL) was converted to wind speed at 80 m above the ground level using the power law. The global average 80 m wind speed shows a maximum value of $13ms^{-1}$ at the storm track region. High wind speed over the land exists in Tibet, Mongolia, Central North America, South Africa, Australia, and Argentina. Wind speed over the ocean increased with a large value in the South China Sea, Southeast Asia, East Sea of the Korea. Sea surface wind in Western Europe and Scandinavia are suitable for wind farm with a value of $7-8ms^{-1}$. Areas with great potential for wind farm are also found in Eastern and Western coastal region of North America. Sea surface wind in Southern Hemisphere shows larger values in the high latitude of South America, South Africa and Australia. The distribution of low-resolution reanalysis data represents general potential areas for wind power and can be used to provide information for high-resolution wind resource mapping.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.394-397
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• 2006

Gridded products of surface wind/wind-stress over the world ocean have been constructed by using satellite scatterometer as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote-sensing Observation (J-OFURO) data. Our previous validation study in the tropical Pacific using TAO/Triton and NDBC buoys revealed high reliability of our products. In this study, the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy data are used for validation of other gridded wind-stress products including the NCEP-1 and 2 in the western North Pacific region where there have been few in-situ data. Results reveal that our J-OFURO product has almost zero mean difference and smallest root-mean-square (RMS) difference, while the NCEP-1 and 2 ones significantly positive biases and relatively high RMS difference. Intercomparison between the J-OFURO and NCEP products in a wide region of the North Pacific covered by the westerly winds exhibits that the NCEPs have larger magnitudes in the wind stress than the J-OFURO's, suggesting overestimation of the NCEPs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6305-6310
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the tyrosine phosphorylation motif (TPM) and 3' region structure of the Helicobacter pylori CagA gene as well as its SHP-2 binding activity in AGS cells and relation to gastric carcinogenesis. Methods: Sixteen clinical isolate H. pylori strains from eight duodenal ulcer and eight gastric adenocarcinoma patients were studied for CagA repeat sequence EPIYA motifs, C-terminal structure, and western blot analysis of CagA protein expression, translocation, and SHP-2 binding in AGS cells. Results: Except for strain 547, all strains from the gastric adenocarcinoma patients were positive for CagA by PCR and had three EPIYA copy motifs. Western blotting showed that all strains were positive for CagA protein expression (100%), CagA protein translocation (100%), and SHP-2 binding (100%). CagA protein expression was significantly higher in the gastric adenocarcinoma patients than in the duodenal ulcer patients (P=0.0023). CagA protein translocation and SHP-2 binding in the gastric adenocarcinoma patients were higher than those in the duodenal ulcer patients, but no significant differences were found between the two groups (P=0.59, P=0.21, respectively). Conclusions: The TPMs and 3' region structures of the H. pylori CagA gene in the duodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma patients have no significant differences.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.345-356
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• 2017

It is important to understand the variability of tropospheric ozone since it is both a major pollutant affecting human health and a greenhouse gas influencing global climate. We analyze the characteristics of East Asia tropospheric ozone simulated in a chemistry-climate model. We use a global chemical transport model, driven by the prescribed meteorological fields from an air-sea coupled climate model simulation. Compared with observed data, the ozone simulation shows differences in distribution and concentration levels; in the vicinity of the Korean Peninsula, a large error occurred in summer. Our analysis reveals that this bias is mainly due to the difference in atmospheric circulation, as the anomalous southerly winds lead to the decrease in tropospheric ozone in this region. In addition, observational data have shown that the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) reduces tropospheric ozone across the southern China/Korean Peninsula/Japan region. In the model, the ozone changes associated with WNPSH are shifted westward relative to the observations. Our findings suggest that the variations in WNPSH should be considered in predicting tropospheric ozone concentrations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5085-5088
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• 2013

Background: The north-western region of China has a high incidence of oesophageal cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether the intake of food and beverage at high temperature is associated with the risk of oesophageal cancer among adults residing in this remote part of China. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was undertaken in Urumqi and Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, between 2008 and 2009. Participants were 359 incident oesophageal cancer patients and 380 hospital-based controls. Information on temperature of food and beverage intake was obtained by face-to-face interview. Logistic regression analyses were performed to ascertain the association between intake temperature and the risk of oesophageal cancer. Results: The oesophageal cancer patients consumed foods and beverages at higher temperatures than controls, p<0.001. High temperature of tea, water and food intake appeared to increase the risk of oesophageal cancer by more than two-fold, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 2.86 (1.73-4.72), 2.82 (1.78-4.47) and 2.26 (1.49-3.45), respectively. Conclusions: Intake of food and beverage at high temperature was positively associated with the incidence of oesophageal cancer in north-western China.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.17-27
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• 1984

In order to foster the minor enterprises effectively we will have to take a proper step to control and adjust the excessive competitions of large-enterprises and minor as well as among minor enterprises, We should promote the relationship serialized between minor - and large - enterprises and establish mediation and control organizations and governmental policies to create re-subcontract among small and medium enterprises. To help the development of medium md small enterprises in Jeon-Buk area, therefore, Kunsan city should be designated as a Growth Position City. The reason is as follows. 1) Because Kunsan is located in Middle Western Seaside geographycally, and in the central place of our country as a key point of sea-transportation, we can cultivate the national land widely. 2) As an ocean gateway city of Kum River basin, Kunsan is a good place that can reform Hoh-nam inland of Kwang-iu, Jeon-ju, I-ri, and like places as well as central inland area of Dae-jeon, Chong-ju, etc.. 3) Kunsan is an advanced-base for constituting an industrial region of Weatern roast that has a spacious coastral industrial region and is connected with inland industrial park of Jeon-ju and I-ri and Jang-hang, Bi-in, etc.. From the above reason. Kunsan should be designated as a growth position city that can induce and promote the development of center of Western coast.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

In order to analysis the variation in vegetation area caused by topographical change at Jinudo in the Nakdong estuary, we used aerial photographs of Jinudo from 1998 to 2006. To extract an accuracy shoreline from these aerial photographs, a tide calibration was performed. We also estimated the annual variation in topographic area and vegetation area, and then analyzed the relationship between them by a correlation analysis. The following results were obtained: 1) The calibrated shoreline distance of Jinudo from 1998 to 2006 was estimated to have a range of (-)1,927 cm to (+)4,671 cm. 2) Annual changes in the topographic area and vegetation area in Jinudo have been increasing gradually from 1998, and the correlation coefficient between topographic area and vegetation area is 0.97. 3) The estimated topographic areas were with following order: southern (III), eastern (IV), northern (II) and western (I), while for the vegetation area, the order was southern (III), northern (II), eastern (IV) and western (I). 4) The vegetation area of the southern region (III) of Jinudo had the largest size among the regions, and was calculated to be $4.3{\sim}5.4$ times larger than the eastern region (IV).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2195-2198
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women with wide differences in clinical profile from region to region. The present study aimed to describe the profile of breast cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Marathwada region of Western India. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, we reviewed records of pathologically diagnosed patients of breast cancer managed at our center from years 2009 to 2015. Data with respect to demographic status, detailed past, medical, familial and personal history, findings of clinical examination and histological features were obtained. Patients were staged according to the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) system. Results: Among 260 cases, mean age of presentation was 52.6, with average age of menarche of 11.3 and menopause of 52.6 years. The majority of patients were from urban regions and were postmenopausal (64.3%). Main clinical features presentation were breast lumps. Most patients were in stage II and had infiltrating duct carcinomas. Conclusions: Most common risk factors for breast cancer observed are increasing age, low parity and obesity. Breast cancer was more prevalent among postmenopausal women presenting in stage II with infiltating duct carcinoma in our region of India.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2008

Temporal and spatial variabilities of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in the northern East China Sea (ECS) are described, using both 8-day composite images of the SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) and in-situ data investigated in August and September during 2000-2005. Ocean color imagery showed that Chl-a concentrations on the continental shelf within the 50 m depth in the ECS were above 10 times higher than those of the Kuroshio area throughout the year. Higher concentrations (above $5mg/m^3$) of yearly mean Chl-a were observed along the western part of the shelf near the coast of China. The standard deviation also showed the characteristics of the spatial variability near $122-124^{\circ}E$, where the western region of the East China Sea was grater than that of the eastern region. Particularly the significant concentration of Chl-a, up to $9mg/m^3$, was found at the western part of $125^{\circ}E$ in the in-situ data of 2002. The higher Chl-a concentrations of in-situ data were consistent with low salinity waters of below 30 psu. It means that there were the close relationship between the horizontal distribution of Chl-a and low salinity water.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-200
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• 2020

This paper explores critically and historically some of the popular academic views concerning the development of the study of Southeast Asia through the lens of the contributions of particular scholars and institutions. Within the broad field of Southeast Asian Studies the focus is on the disciplines of geography, history and ethnology. There are certain views concerning the development of scholarship on Southeast Asia which continue to surface and have acquired, or are in the process of acquiring "mythical" status. Among the most enduring is the claim that the region is a post-Second World War construction primarily arising from Western politico-strategic and economic preoccupations. More specifically, it is said that Southeast Asian Studies for a considerable period of time has been subject to the American domination of this field of scholarship, located in programs of study in such institutions as Cornell, Yale and California, Berkeley, and, within those institutions, focused on particular scholars who have exerted considerable influence on the directions which research has taken. Another is that, based on the model or template of Southeast Asian Studies (and other area studies projects) developed primarily in the USA, it has distinctive characteristics as a scholarly enterprise in that it is multidisciplinary, requires command of the vernacular, and assigns special importance to what has been termed 'groundedness' and historical, geographical and cultural contextualization; in other words, a Southeast Asian Studies approach as distinct from disciplinarybased studies addresses local concerns, interests, perspectives and priorities through in-depth, on-the-ground, engaged scholarship. Finally, views have emerged that argue that a truly Southeast Asian Studies project can only be achieved if it is based on a set of locally-generated concepts, methods and approaches to replace Western ethnocentrism and intellectual hegemony.