• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

As the energy consumed in building area has occupied a lot when looking into energy usage weights in area over the world, energy reduction building, eco-friendly architecture comes to the fore in the modern architecture. Discussions on the eco-friendly architecture have various concept definitions and targets to be achieved.The architectural works of Norman Foster are expressed as high-tech buildings using iron, glass, etc. in appearance, but they appear as those buildings with low energy load by analyzing environmental conditions from initial design stage that each building has, utilizing natural energy with design of outer shell and applying proper technical system. Thus, this study aims at providing basic data of outer shell planning through eco-friendly element technologies by considering pattern and outer shell design of buildings, principles of eco-friendly building plan as an eco-friendly building planning technique of Norman Foster as an example of plans to utilize building pattern, outer shell design and natural environments, in order to utilize passive measures as much as possible to increase energy saving methods and increase comfort by analyzing element technologies in the eco-friendly architecture in line with the modern flow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.33-47
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• 1994

On developing port system, the performance tests of system in relation to ship maneuver generally consists of the three parts: the channel transit, the manoeuvring in a turning basin and the docking/undocking. The quantifications of risk of an accident has priviously been difficult due to the low occurrence of accidents relative to the number of transits. Additionally, accident statistics could not be related port system because of the large number of factors contributing to the accident. such as human error, equipment failure, visibility, light, traffic. etc. In case of the channel transit, "Relative Risk Factor(RRF)" or "Relative Risk Factor for Meeting Traffic" was proposed as the as the measures derived to quantify the relative risk of accident by M.W.Smith. This factor measure the tracking performance, the turning performance and the passing performance at meeting traffic. On the other hand, the safety of berthing maneuver is not measured with a few evaluating factors as controlled due to complex controllabilites such as steering, engine, side thrusters or tugs. This work, therefore, aims to propose the evaluating measure by the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Six experimental scenarios were establised under the various environmental conditions as independent variables. In every simulation, the difficulty of maneuver was scored by captain and compared with AHP scores. The results show almost same and from which the weights of eight evaluating factors could be fixed. Additionally, the limit value of relative factor in berthing safety to six scenarios could be estimated to 0.11.e estimated to 0.11.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 2006

In the design of bridges, exact evaluation of traffic loading is very important for the safety and maintenance of bridges. In general, traffic loading is represented by live load (including impact load) and fatigue load. For exact evaluation of traffic loading, it is important to get reliable and comprehensive truck data including the traffic and weight information. It requires the development of Bridge Weigh-In-Motion (BWIM), which measures the truck weights without stopping the traffic. Objectives of the study is (1) to develop the BWIM system, (2) to verified the system in bridges in Highways.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 2020

Information security has become an important issue in the world. Various information and communication technologies, such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud, and artificial intelligence, are developing, and the need for information security is increasing. Although the necessity of information security is expanding according to the development of information and communication technology, interest in information security investment is insufficient. In general, measuring the effect of information security investment is difficult, so appropriate investment is not being practice, and organizations are decreasing their information security investment. In addition, since the types and specification of information security measures are diverse, it is difficult to compare and evaluate the information security countermeasures objectively, and there is a lack of decision-making methods about information security investment. To develop the organization, policies and decisions related to information security are essential, and measuring the effect of information security investment is necessary. Therefore, this study proposes a method of constructing an investment portfolio for information security measures using game theory and derives an optimal defence probability. Using the two-person game model, the information security manager and the attacker are assumed to be the game players, and the information security countermeasures and information security threats are assumed as the strategy of the players, respectively. A zero-sum game that the sum of the players' payoffs is zero is assumed, and we derive a solution of a mixed strategy game in which a strategy is selected according to probability distribution among strategies. In the real world, there are various types of information security threats exist, so multiple information security measures should be considered to maintain the appropriate information security level of information systems. We assume that the defence ratio of the information security countermeasures is known, and we derive the optimal solution of the mixed strategy game using linear programming. The contributions of this study are as follows. First, we conduct analysis using real performance data of information security measures. Information security managers of organizations can use the methodology suggested in this study to make practical decisions when establishing investment portfolio for information security countermeasures. Second, the investment weight of information security countermeasures is derived. Since we derive the weight of each information security measure, not just whether or not information security measures have been invested, it is easy to construct an information security investment portfolio in a situation where investment decisions need to be made in consideration of a number of information security countermeasures. Finally, it is possible to find the optimal defence probability after constructing an investment portfolio of information security countermeasures. The information security managers of organizations can measure the specific investment effect by drawing out information security countermeasures that fit the organization's information security investment budget. Also, numerical examples are presented and computational results are analyzed. Based on the performance of various information security countermeasures: Firewall, IPS, and Antivirus, data related to information security measures are collected to construct a portfolio of information security countermeasures. The defence ratio of the information security countermeasures is created using a uniform distribution, and a coverage of performance is derived based on the report of each information security countermeasure. According to numerical examples that considered Firewall, IPS, and Antivirus as information security countermeasures, the investment weights of Firewall, IPS, and Antivirus are optimized to 60.74%, 39.26%, and 0%, respectively. The result shows that the defence probability of the organization is maximized to 83.87%. When the methodology and examples of this study are used in practice, information security managers can consider various types of information security measures, and the appropriate investment level of each measure can be reflected in the organization's budget.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.11
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• pp.68-78
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• 1999

A new algorithm for tracking feature points in an image sequence is presented. Most existing feature tracking algorithms often produce false trajectories, because the matching measures do not precisely reflect motion characteristics. In this paper, three attributes including spatial coordinate, motion direction and motion magnitude are used to calculate the feature point correspondence. The trajectories of feature points are determined by calculation the matching measure, which is defined as the minimum weighted Euclidean distance between two feature points. The weights of the attributes are updated reflecting the motion characteristics, so that the robust tracking of feature points is achieved. The proposed algorithm can find the trajectories correctly which has been shown by experimental results.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.395-407
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• 2007

Outliers distort many measures for data analysis. We can propose dandelion seed plot as a graphical tool for evaluating the effect of outliers in one-and two-variate data. We can draw mean-variance dandelion seed plots using linked curves which are made by changing weights from 1 to 0 for each datum. Similarly we can also draw covariance-correlation-coefficient dandelion seed plots. This graphical method can be a useful tool for elementary statistics education in college.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

With the rapid development of the Internet and information technology, a company that deals with personal information does not have proper action to protect personal privacy and not take measures for the safe handling and management of personal information. It generates the case to abuse of personal information occurring frequently. In order to focus the effort to reduce damage and protect the privacy of personal information entity and enhance privacy laws based on the connection method and the processing of personal information, Korea encourages a company to follow regulation by providing certain criteria. However, in the case of items of measures standard of safety of personal information such as priority applicable criteria in accordance with the importance of itemized characteristics and the company of each individual information processing is not taken into account, and there are some difficulties to execute. Therefore, we derive criteria by law and reviewing existing literature related, the details of the measures standard of safety of personal information in this study and generate a hierarchical structure by using the KJ method for layering and quantification of the evaluation in integration of the reference item similar and the grouping. Accordingly, the weights calculated experts subject using the AHP method hierarchical structures generated in this manner, it is an object of the proposed priority for privacy and efficient more rational enterprise.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1696-1702
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of body weight growth adjustment methods on genetic parameters of body growth and tissue among three pig breeds. Data collected on 101,820 Landrace, 281,411 Yorkshire, and 78,068 Duroc pigs, born in Korean swine breeder farms since 2000, were analyzed. Records included body weights on test day and amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound carcass measures of backfat thickness (BF), eye muscle area (EMA), and retail cut percentage (RCP). Days to 90 kg body weight (DAYS90), through an adjustment of the age based on the body weight at the test day, were obtained. Ultrasound measures were also pre-adjusted (ABF, EMA, AEMA, ARCP) based on their test day measures. The (co)variance components were obtained with 3 multi-trait animal models using the REMLF90 software package. Model I included DAYS90 and ultrasound traits, whereas model II and III accounted DAYS90 and pre-adjusted ultrasound traits. Fixed factors were sex (sex) and contemporary groups (herd-year-month of birth) for all traits among the models. Additionally, model I and II considered a linear covariate of final weight on the ultrasound measure traits. Heritability ($h^2$) estimates for DAYS90, BF, EMA, and RCP ranged from 0.36 to 0.42, 0.34 to 0.43, 0.20 to 0.22, and 0.39 to 0.45, respectively, among the models. The $h^2$ estimates of DAYS90 from model II and III were also somewhat similar. The $h^2$ for ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were 0.35 to 0.44, 0.20 to 0.25, and 0.41 to 0.46, respectively. Our heritability estimates varied mostly among the breeds. The genetic correlations ($r_G$) were moderately negative between DAYS90 and BF (-0.29 to -0.38), and between DAYS90 and EMA (-0.16 to -0.26). BF had strong $r_G$ with RCP (-0.87 to -0.93). Moderately positive $r_G$ existed between DAYS90 and RCP (0.20 to 0.28) and between EMA and RCP (0.35 to 0.44) among the breeds. For DAYS90, model II and III, its correlations with ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were mostly low or negligible except the $r_G$ between DAYS90 and AEMA from model III (0.27 to 0.30). The $r_G$ between AEMA and ABF and between AEMA and ARCP were moderate but with negative and positive signs, respectively; also reflected influence of pre-adjustments. However, the $r_G$ between BF and RCP remained non-influential to trait pre-adjustments or covariable fits. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasound measures taken at a body weight of about 90 kg as the test final should be adjusted for body weight growth. Our adjustment formulas, particularly those for BF and EMA, should be revised further to accommodate the added variation due to different performance testing endpoints with regard to differential growth in body composition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.669-683
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• 2012

The water supply pipes are buried across wide range of areas, so it is hard to spot them using excavation and takes a large amount of expense. Thus, there is a high risk for direct research and application, accompanying many difficulties in implementation of them. Therefore, it is more economical and convenient to use indirect evaluation variables than direct evaluation of the buried pipes in assessing the degree of pipe deterioration. To assess the degree of pipe deterioration using the indirect evaluation variables, it should be done first to identify how and to what extent they affect the degree of deterioration. This study measured the evaluation variables for pipe deterioration using the pipe endoscope and analyzed the measurement results and the degree of impact on the pipes. In addition, this study attempted to evaluate the adequateness of the pipe deterioration evaluation using the indirect variables based on the analysis results. The evaluation variables measured through the pipe endoscope were the thickness of sediments, size of scale, degree of desquamation and condition of connections. For the indirect evaluation variables, the data such as the property data from GIS pipe network map as well as the material, diameter, age and pipe lining material of the pipe, road type, leakage frequency, average water velocity and water pressure using the leakage repair records was collected. Using the collected data, this study comparatively analyzed the indirect evaluation variables for the degree of pipe deterioration and the results from the pipe endoscope to choose appropriate variables for pipe deterioration evaluation and calculated the weights of the indirect variables on the degree of deterioration. The results showed that the order of the impact of indirect variables on deterioration was pipe age > pipe lining material > road type > leakage frequency > average water velocity with their weights of 0.45, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.10, respectively. Conclusively, the results suggest that the measures of sediment thickness, scale size, degree of desquamation and condition of connections are appropriate for the evaluation of pipe deterioration and sufficient for the analysis of the impact of the indirect variables on deterioration.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 2006

This paper suggests a normative performance measurement model for B2B e-marketplace. The model is for the neutral and systematic sourcing B2B e-marketplace. It is based on BSC that is very powerful and sound tool among all the available performance measurement systems. In addition, we used AHP to make the model more structured and to draw weights of performance measures from experts. We derived main features and factors affecting performance of e-business companies and especially of B2B e-marketplaces based on literature. In order to make the model usefulness, we co-worked with some experts who are engaged in real Korean B2B e-marketplaces. They included venture capitalists, top managers of B2B e-marketplaces, and consultants. By their assistances, we could find important evaluating factors and define the hierarchical structure. After defining the hierarchical structure, the expert group decided weights of performance indicators through the designed questionnaires. The weight for each measure was calculated using geometric mean of the questionnaire response. We made the case studies of two real Korean B2B e-marketplaces to apply the suggested model with some adjustments. The results of the case studies were so satisfactory that the suggested performance measurement model for B2B e-marketplace is useful and applicable to the real world.