• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2017

PURPOSES: This study aims to develop a rational procedure for estimating the pavement roughness index considering vehicle wandering. METHODS : The location analysis of the passing vehicle in the lane was performed by approximately 1.2 million vehicles for verification of the wandering distribution. According to verification result, the distribution follows the normal distribution pattern. The probability density function was estimated using each lane's wandering distribution model. Then the procedure for applying a weighted value into the lane profile was conducted using this function. RESULTS : The modified index, MRIw, with consideration towards applying the wandering weighted value application was computed then compared with MRI. It was found that the Coefficient of Variation for distribution of lateral roughness index in the lane was high in the case of a large difference between each index (i.e., MRIw and MRI) observed. CONCLUSIONS : This result confirms that the new procedure with consideration of the weight factor can successfully improve the lane representative characteristics of the roughness index.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

In order to ensure a certain level of the quality of design, standardized evaluation indicators are being used as an objective criterion. Even though the evaluation indicators are quantifiable, limitations such as inefficiency and inconsistency caused by manual task in the evaluation process still have been found. BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology that is commonly adopted in architectural design process provides an environment which enables us to figure out a building model to be interpreted quantitatively with the basis of the building information model. It supports quantitative, consistent, accurate and quick evaluations so as to improve quality of design even in the initial design phase. This paper aims to establish BIM-enabled quantitative indicators and an evaluation framework to analyze building circulation even in early phase of design. The indicators are composed of 4 types (relative distance, accessibility, simplicity, pedestrian friendliness) and 7 sub-types. The evaluation framework is the process to derive Parameterized Path Value (PPV) as weighting on each indicator. For demonstrating the scalability of the suggested evaluation indicators and the framework, the authors implemented an evaluation tool and a case study has been carried out by using an actual building remodel project.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.259-262
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• 2003

In the Republic of Korea, Ministry of Construction & Transportation and Korea Water Resources Corporation manage the national groundwater monitoring network at the 169 stations and will organize the supplementary groundwater monitoring network at the 10,000 stations by 2011 year. The method that organizes the monitoring network was developed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process with pairwise comparison. Several estimation factors for the estimating every district were selected to reflect each district conditions. Their weighting value was decided by pairwise comparison and questions to the experts about groundwater The optimal number of groundwater monitoring well was calculated through the developed method. To verify this method, groundwater was monitored in Jeonju city by way showing the example. The study area In Jeonju city needs 7 stations for the supplementary groundwater monitoring network. The results monitored in 7 stations inferred the groundwater level around the study area by Kriging. The mean of residual between inferred groundwater level value from Kriging and actual groundwater level is rather low. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of residual between inferred groundwater level change and actual groundwater change is much lower. The Fact that 7 monitoring stations are sufficient for observing the groundwater condition in the study area makes it possible for suggested monitoring number to be proper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2000

This paper deals with the whole-body vibration and ride quality evaluation in the vertical direction. The responses of the floor, hip, back, and head in four subjects were measured for various seats when the floor was excited by random vibration with r.m.s of 1.2m/s2 in the vertical direction. In the transmissibility between the hip and floor, the fundamental mode is observed at 4.4 Hz. In the transmissibility between the head and floor, the fundamental mode at 4.4Hz and the second mode at 7.6Hz are observed. It is shown that the head motion is 41% larger than the hip motion and the response of female subject is larger than that of male subject. The response without backrest also was compared with that with backrest. From these human responses ride quality of five seats were evaluated by the ride value such as transfer ration having frequency weighting function is the statistical sense. It is observed that the seat having high damping property can reduce the most acceleration exposed to hip in the statistical sense for all ride valves, while the seat having different seat spring doesn't show statistical difference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.234-240
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate dynamic properties of express buses in the very low frequencies which affect motion sickness incidence. Since passengers often use express buses for long distance traveling, it is a critical point whether a give rise to motion sickness or not. In the study accelerations at the three points on the floor of the six test vehicles were measured during the driving at constant speeds. By applying frequency weighting curves suggested in ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-3, physical amount of accelerations were changed into perceptual amount which determines incidence of motion sickness. Motion sickness dose values were calculated from the frequency weighted time history of accelerations, and compared between the vehicles, driving conditions, and the seat positions in the bus. During the driving on public road and high ways for 50 minutes vomiting incidence ratios ranged 0.4 to 0.8%, which were equivalent to 2.4 to 4.8% for 5 hours' driving. The value of 4.8 % means two among 45 passengers may vomit after the traveling, which is very serious situation. Considering the very smooth driving condition at which the data were collected, motion sickness dose values will increase in real situations

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-69
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• 2012

Chan and Qi (SCM 8/3 (2003) 209) developed an innovative measurement method that aggregates performance measures in a supply chain into an overall performance index. The method is useful and makes a significant contribution to supply chain management. Nevertheless, it can be cumbersome in computation due to its highly complex algorithmic fuzzy model. In aggregating the performance information, weights used by Chan and Qi-which aim to address the imprecision of human judgments-are incompatible with weights in additive models. Furthermore, the default assumption of linearity of its scoring procedure could lead to an inaccurate assessment of the overall performance. This paper addresses these limitations by developing an alternative measurement that takes care of the above. This research integrates three different approaches to multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA)-the multiattribute value theory (MAVT), the swing weighting method and the eigenvector procedure-to develop a comprehensive assessment of supply chain performance. One case study is presented to demonstrate the measurement of the proposed method. The performance model used in the case study relies on the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model level 1. With this measurement method, supply chain managers can easily benchmark the performance of the whole system, and then analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the supply chain.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to present the learning items of indirect practice as an alternative means of ambulance riding practice. Methods: Twelve on-site professionals participated in testing the effectiveness of learning items of utility value in indirect experience practice among the recommended learning objectives of ambulance ride practice using the modified Delphi technique. To validate the learning objectives, the Delphi technique was used to check content validity, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis was used to analyze the weighting value. Results: As the learning goal of indirect experience practice replaced the ambulance riding practice, four items were derived in consideration of practicality. These items were consistent with the Delphi panel's consistency index, convergence, and agreement. The first learning item to consider was 'Prevention of infection and risk of infection.' Conclusion: The results of this study are meaningful in that they propose the learning items that can achieve the minimum educational goal through indirect experience practice as an alternative means of ambulance training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.809-817
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• 2018

The model predictive controller performance of the mobile robot is set to an arbitrary value because it is difficult to select an accurate value with respect to the controller parameter. The general model predictive control uses a quadratic cost function to minimize the difference between the reference tracking error and the predicted trajectory error of the actual robot. In this study, we construct a predictive controller by transforming it into a quadratic programming problem considering velocity and acceleration constraints. The control parameters of the predictive controller, which determines the control performance of the mobile robot, are used a simple weighting matrix Q, R without the reference model matrix $A_r$ by applying a quadratic cost function from which the reference tracking error vector is removed. Therefore, we designed the predictive controller 1 and 2 of the mobile robot considering the constraints, and optimized the controller parameters of the predictive controller using a genetic algorithm with excellent optimization capability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1424-1430
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to remove AWGN by considering the characteristics of noise present in the image. The proposed algorithm uses block matching to calculate the output, and calculates an estimate by determining the similarity between the center mask and the matching mask. The output of the filter is calculated by adding or subtracting the estimated value and the input pixel value, and weighting is given according to the standard deviation of the center mask and the noise constant to obtain the final output. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, the simulation was performed in comparison with the existing methods, and analyzed through the enlarged image and PSNR comparison. The proposed algorithm minimizes the effect of noise, preserves important characteristics of the image, and shows the performance of removing noise efficiently.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2009

Since the preexisting evaluation methods of landslide susceptibility take somehow long time to determine the slope stability based on the field survey and laboratory analysis, there are several problems to acquire immediate evaluation results in the field. In order to overcome the previously mentioned problems and incorrect evaluation results induced by some subjective evaluation criteria and methods, this study tried to develop a method of landslide susceptibility by a quantitative and objective evaluation approach based on the field survey. Therefore, this study developed an evaluation chart for landslide susceptibility on natural terrain using the AHP analysis method to predict landslide hazards on the field sites. The AHP analysis was performed by a questionnaire to several specialists who understands mechanism and influential factors of landslide. Based on the questionnaire, weighting values of criteria and alternatives to influence landslide triggering were determined by the AHP analysis. According to the scoring results of the analysed weighting values, slope angle is the most significant factor. Permeability, water contents, porosity, lithology, and elevation have the significance to the landslide susceptibility in a descending order. Based on the assigned scores of each criterion and alternatives of the criteria, an evaluation chart for landslide susceptibility was suggested. The evaluation chart makes it possible for a geologist to evaluate landslide susceptibility with a total score summed up each alternative score.