• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2013

기후변화는 기온, 강수량, 일사량 등을 변화시켜 잡초의 생육에 영향을 많이 미치며 잡초발생의 변화를 가져올 것이다. 논에 발생하는 문제잡초의 대부분이 C4 식물이며 이는 기후변화에 의해 문제잡초 발생이 많아지며 잡초방제에도 많은 어려움이 있을 것으로 예상되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 논 잡초발생 현황을 조사하여 문제잡초의 향후 변화양상에 대비하고 자 수행하였다. 경기북부 논 잡초 조사결과 23과 41속 57종 7변종 1품종으로 총 65분류군이 조사되었고 전체 식물중에 일년생 식물은 46종이고 다년생 식물을 16종으로 분석되었다. 이중 사초과가 23.1%로 가장 비율이 높았으며 벼과, 마디풀과, 국화과 순으로 나타났다. 중요치 분석에서는 돌피가 가장 높았으며 여뀌바늘, 좀개구리밥, 물달개비, 사마귀풀순으로 분석되었다. 지역별로는 가평군, 고양시, 파주시, 의정부시, 김포시, 양주시에서는 돌피의 중요치가 높았으며 남양주시는 물달개비, 연천군은 사마귀풀, 동두천시, 포천시는 좀개구리밥의 중요치가 높았다. TWINSPAN 분석을 통한 시군의 잡초종의 유사성은 바람하늘지기, 마디꽃, 병아리방동사니에 의해 지역이 구분되었다. CCA 분석에서 잡초종과 토양환경을 이용한 지역간의 차이는 김포시가 높은 토양 EC와 파대가리, 애기부들에 의해 구분되고 남양주시가 낮은 토양 온도조건과 미꾸리낚시, 통발에 의해 다른 지역과 구별되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2010

Nutrient availability is a critical component of agroecosystems, and is relevant to both above- and below- ground interactions. The principal objective of this study was to determine how the cessation of fertilization affects the communities of weeds and soil organisms in a corn/wheat field. Changes in dominant weed species, substrate-induced respiration, and the population density of nematodes and microarthropods were evaluated. Microbial substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and the population density of microarthropods decreased following the cessation of fertilization and were partly correlated with the aboveground weed biomass. The cessation of organic fertilizer application but continuing application of inorganic fertilizer reduced the population density of nematodes. In response to the cessation of fertilization, weed communities were dominated by species with little dependency on fertilization. Amaranthus retroflexus was identified as the most dominant species in the corn field; however, it was replaced by Digitaria ciliaris after the cessation of fertilization. In the wheat field, the cessation of fertilization led to a rapid reduction in the biomass of most weeds, except for Vicia angustifolia, supposedly as the result of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Additionally, the fact that weed biomass was partially correlated with SIR or the population density of microarthropods may reflect a mutual feedback between soil organisms and weeds. The results indicate that the cessation of fertilization alters communities of weeds and soil organisms through changes in weed biomass and interactions with symbiotic microorganisms.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1988

남부지방의 산야에 분포하는 잡초가해곤충의 자원조사를 하기 위하여 1987년 4월부터 7월에 걸쳐 소백산, 지리산, 와룡산, 경남각지에서 채집한 결과 딱정벌레목은 12과 52속 61종 노린재목은 7과 18속 20종, 매미목은 4과 16속 21종, 벌목은 2과 2속 3종, 메뚜기목은 2과 6속 6종등이 58종의 잡초에 기록되었다. 그중에서 잎벌레류와 메뚜기류는 잡초방제의 중요한 생물인자임이 밝혀졌다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

In major field crops, synthetic herbicides have been used to control weeds worldwide. Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds should be minimized because it is a major limiting factor for food security. Cross resistance can occur with herbicides within the same or in different herbicide families and with the same or different sites of action. Multiple resistance refers to evolved mechanisms of resistance to more than one herbicide (e.g., resistance to both ALS-inhibitors and ACCase-inhibitors) and this resistance was brought about by separate selection processes. Target site resistance could occur from changes at the biochemical site of action of one herbicide. Non target site resistance occurs through mechanisms which reduce the number of herbicide molecules that reach the herbicide target site. There are currently 480 unique cases (species ${\times}$ site of action) of herbicide resistance globally in 252 plant species (145 dicots and 105 monocots). To date, resistance in weeds has been reported to 161 different herbicides, involving 23 of the 26 known herbicide sites of action. Finally, it can be concluded that we can protect crops associated to herbicide resistant weeds by applications of biochemical, genetic and crop control strategies.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.127-128
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• 2011

Vinegar has been considered as a potential organic herbicide, but more knowledge is needed about acetic acid concentration, application volume and use of adjutants on weed control. In this study, we determined optimum acetic acid concentration and spraying time on several weed species. Vinegar is more effective in broadleaf weeds than grasses. Vinegar is also effective in controlling younger weeds such as $3^{rd}$ to $4^{th}$ weeks after emergency. For example, $3^{rd}$ weeks after emergency weeds were easily controlled at 2-3% of vinegar solution. But $4^{th}$ weeks after emergency weeds were controlled at 4-5% of vinegar. Therefore vinegar concentration was recommended about 5%, and application time was when the weeds were young-within 3 leaf stage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.279-282
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• 2002

Oryzalexine A, a potent growth inhibitor against several weeds such as Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop., and Amaranthus lividus L. was purified by conventional solvent partitioning and column chromatographies. This substance showed strong inhibitory activity on several weeds: Germination of seeds of Poa annua L. was inhibited by 36.5 % at 1.0 mM and Amaranthus lividus L. by 56.1% at 2.5mM. Growth of root and shoot of Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. by 10.2% and 22.4% at 2.5mM, respectively. These suggest that Oryzalexine A in rice straw might affect the germination and growth of susceptible weeds and other plants.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of herbicides and their damages to lawn plant for the control of lawn weeds using pre-emergence granule herbicide at the two years old lawn field. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1)Herbicidal damages to lawn grass were observed at the higher concentration than the recommended level in four herbicides used in this trial. The optimum dosages for the control of lawn weeds were 3-6g in Lasso, 3g in Machet, 8-24g in Simazine, and 4g in Trifluralin, respectively. 2)No herbicidal damages was observed in Simazine treatment, whereas Lasso and Machet treatment showed a little and severe herbicidal damages, respectively. The most severe damage was found in Trifluralin treatment, indicating that this herbicide is not suitable for the control of lawn weeds.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2012

최근 설포닐우레아계 제초제에 저항성을 보이는 논잡초의 발생이 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이를 효과적으로 방제하는 시스템을 구축하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자, 강원도 쌀 재배 농업인들을 대상으로 잡초 발생 및 제초제 사용에 대한 설문조사를 하였다. 많이 발생하는 잡초는 물달개비, 벗풀, 올챙이고랭이, 피류 등이었으며, 주로 사용하는 제초제는 옥사디아존유제, 뷰타클로르 입제, 옥사디아길 유제, 벤조비사이클론 이마조설퓨론 피리미노박메칠 액상수화제 등이었다. 농업인들이 저항성으로 의심하는 잡초로는 올챙이고랭이, 벗풀, 피류, 물달개비 등이 있는데, 앞으로 모니터링을 통하여 정밀 조사가 필요하며, 저항성 잡초에 대한 효율적인 방제로 생산비를 줄이고 작물수량을 높일 수 있다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of weed interference and starter fertilizer on subsequent soybean seed quality at the Agricultural Research Farm and Laboratory of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Two factorial experiment was laid-outon a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was starter fertilizer levels (0 and 25 kg $ha^{-1}$) applied in the forms of monoammonium phosphate, the second factor was different weed interference periods consisted of five initial weed-free periods (in which, plots were kept free of weeds for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE) and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest) and five initial weed-infested periods (in which, weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60DAE, after which the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest). Full season weedy condition reduced 100-seed weight, seed germination percentage and seedling dry weight by 25.9, 13.3 and 22.5%, respectively and increased mean germination time and seed electrical conductivity by 55.8 and 24.3%, respectively as compared with full season weed-free control. However, the traits under study were not significantly influenced when field was kept free of weeds for at least 45 DAE (R1) or weedy condition was continued for less than 30 DAE (V8). There was a significant and negative correlation between weed biomass and seed weight (r = -0.93), so that when weed free condition was less than 45 DAE or weed infested period was continued for at least 30 DAE, soybean plants produced wrinkled and underdeveloped seeds with lower weights and qualities. Moreover, soybean seed quality reduction due to weed interference was more evident when starter fertilizer was applied and weeds interfered with soybean from the beginning of the growing season. Information from the present study is beneficial in soybean seed production systems and where farmers use the harvested seeds for the following planting.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1997

본 실험은 allelopathic물질을 함유한 것으로 알려진 보리, 수수를 이용하여 주요 잡초의 발아 및 생육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 특성을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1)보리의 생체추출물은 잡초의 발아 및 뿌리와 줄기 초기생육을 억제하였으며 그 억제정도는 잡초의 종류, 농도에 따라 반응 차이를 보였다. 일반적으로 생체추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 잡초발아 및 뿌리와 줄기생육을 억제하는 정도가 크게 나타났다. 2)보리, 수수의 건조분말 추출물질로 잡초의 발아율, 줄기 및 뿌리의 생육을 억제하였으며 억제정도는 allelopathy 식물체의 종류, 농도 및 잡초의 종류에 따라 차이를 보였다. 건조분말 농도가 10% 이상이었을 때 까마중, 털진득찰, 개비름, 강아지풀의 발아가 전혀 안되었으며 쇠비름은 10%만 발아가 되었다. 3)보리, 수수 건조분말의 토양혼화시 건조분말의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 잡초의 발아율 및 줄기와 뿌리생육이 억제되었으며, 건조분말농도가 10% 이상일 때는 80%이상 발아 및 생육의 억제를 가져 왔다.