• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.127-141
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• 2009

In this paper, we describe our vision of a "Just-in-time" initiative to solve the Data Interoperability Problem (a.k.a. INTEROP.) We provide an architectural overview of our initiative which draws upon existing technologies to develop an immersive and collaborative approach which aims at empowering data stakeholders (e.g., data producers and data consumers) with integrated tools to interact and collaborate with each other while directly manipulating visual representations of their data in an immersive environment (e.g., implemented via Second Life.) The semantics of these visual representations and the operations associated with the data are supported by ontologies defined using the Common Logic Framework (CL). Data operations gestured by the stakeholders, through their avatars, are translated to a variety of generated resources such as multi-language source code, visualizations, web pages, and web services. The generality of the approach is supported by a plug-in architecture which allows expert users to customize tasks such as data admission, data manipulation in the immersive world, and automatic generation of resources. This approach is designed with a mindset aimed at enabling stakeholders from diverse domains to exchange data and generate new knowledge.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness and availability of salt pharmacopuncture of Korean sun-dried salt and processing salt on the basis of bibliographical review. Methods : This study was done through a narrative review of related bibliography including medical books, journals, general bibliography, and web sites. Results : 1. Korean sun-dried salt is produced in the ground with soil, tiles, and pottery. Sun-dried, traditional, granulated, bamboo, and grilled salts are all appropriate for medical use. They are composed of a lower level of NaCl and unnecessary substances, and have a higher water and mineral content. 2. The 9~30 g of NaCl included in the physiological saline matches the ratio of a normal human body. However, if the saline is used for water supply, it should be improved because the recommended amount is much lower. 3. Medicine that includes NaCl is applied for lessening the congestion of the nasal cavity, alleviating cornea swelling, or for a lack of water. NaCl can also be used for washing contact lenses as well as cleaning the mucous membrane of the eyes and nose. 4. Salt relieves anger, detoxifies, induces vomiting, builds strong muscles and bones, gives energy, slows aging, and ultimately improves health. 5. Salt treats many diseases including: cardiovascular, hematosis, respirometer, obstetric, musculoskeletal, mineral supplement, eye, teeth and skin issues, etc.. However, salt is not used for treating asthma, cough, or other ailments mainly affecting the vascular system. 6. While NaCl in salt absorbs water and the vascular constriction results in higher blood pressure, the pressure induced from salt is actually a physiologically temporary rise. Rather, salt helps remove oil from the body and its potassium lowers blood pressure. Conclusions : It was suggested that salt pharmacopuncture of Korean sun-dried salt and processing salt should be made available for adjusting the physiological salt concentration and control of the Na side effects, therefore it would be useful in the treatment of diseases.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2011

Two pitches with different average molecular structures were electrospun and compared in terms of the properties of their fibers after oxidative stabilization, carbonization, and activation. The precursor with a higher molecular weight and greater content of aliphatic groups (Pitch A) resulted in better solubility and spinnability compared to that with a lower molecular weight and lower aliphatic group content (Pitch B). The electrical conductivity of the carbon fiber web from Pitch A of 67 S/cm was higher than that from Pitch B of 52 S/cm. The carbon fiber web based on Pitch A was activated more readily with lower activation energy, resulting in a higher specific surface area compared to the carbon fiber based on Pitch B (Pitch A, 2053 $m^2/g$; Pitch B, 1374 $m^2/g$).

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2007

In the present study, electrospun PAN precursor webs and the stabilized and carbonized nanofiber webs processed under different heat-treatment conditions were characterized by means of weight loss measurement, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimentric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The result indicated that stabilization and carbonization processes with different temperatures and heating rates significantly influenced the chemical and morphological characteristics as well as the thermal properties of the stabilized and then subsequently carbonized nanofiber webs from PAN precursor webs. It was noted that the filament diameter and the carbon content of a carbonized nanofiber web as well as its weight change may be effectively monitored by controlling both stabilization and carbonization processes.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.587-591
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• 2009

Lithium salt have been used mainly as electrolyte of thermal battery for electricity storage. Recently, The 3phase lithium salt(LiCl-LiF-LiBr) is tried to use as electrolyte of thermal battery for high electric power. It is reported that LiCl-LiF-LiBr salt have high ion mobility due to its high lithium ion concentration. Solid lithium salt is melt to liquid state at above $500{^{\circ}C}$. The lithium ion is easily reacted with support materials. Because the melted lithium ion has small ion size and high ion mobility. For the increasing mechanical strength of electrolyte pellet, the research was started to apply ceramic filter to support of electrolyte. In this study, authors used SiOC web and glass fiber filter as ceramic mat for support of electrolyte and impregnated LiCl-LiF-LiBr salt into ceramic mat at above $500{^{\circ}C}$. The fabricated electrolyte using ceramic mat was washed with distilled water for removing lithium salt on ceramic mat. The washed ceramic mat was observed for lithium ion reaction behavior with XRD, SEM-EDS and so on.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2011

우리나라는 2인 이상의 집단 식중독에 대해서 식중독 발생건수와 환자수에 대해서 통계집계를 실시하고 있지만 산발적으로 발생하는 1인 식중독에 대해서는 집계 되고 있지 않다. 실제 발생하는 식중독을 식중독 통계에 근접하게 집계하는 방안의 하나로써 l인 식중독의 비중 및 패턴을 파악하고자 한국과 식이 패턴이 유사한 일본의 통계 (2002-2003)를 이용하여 1인 식중독과 2인 이상 집단식중독을 비교분석 하였다. 아울러 한국의 인구수 대비 식중독 발생 및 보고 비율을 일본과 비교하였다. 일본의 1인 식중독이 전체 식중독에서 차지하는 비율은 발생 건수에서 43.5%이며 발생장소는 장소불명 (90-92.3%)과 가정집 (6.2-8.5%)이 대부분이었다. 일본의 l인 식중독에서 C. jejuni (51.9%), Salmonella spp. (35.3%), V parahaemolyticus (9.5%)가 원인균의 대부분을 차지하였다. 한편 2인 이상 집단 식중독의 원인균은 norovirus (3l.3%), Salmonella spp. (20.8%), C. jejuni (15.5%)로 나타났다. 특히, 집단 식중독이 자주 발생한 장소는 음식점 (46.6-50.1%)과 여관(9.2-9.8%)이었고 1인 식중독보다 주로 집단 식중독에서만 발생한 식중독 원인균은 norovirus, S. aureus, Cl. perfringens, unknown였다. 한국과 일본의 식중독 발생 및 보고 비율은 2002-2009년 통계를 비교한 결과 2인 이상의 집단 식중독을 기준으로 1:1.5 수준이었다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.379-396
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• 2021

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by brief, unilateral, sharp, stabbing, and shooting pain of the fifth cranial nerve. The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effect of medications compared to placebo in adult patients with TN. Methods: Review authors identified randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE up to February 2021. We assessed the inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the risk of bias of the studies based on the Cochrane Handbook. A total of 324 unduplicated references were scanned independently and reduced to eight relevant RCTs, with 89 patients included. Medications investigated included oral carbamazepine, subcutaneous sumatriptan, lidocaine (intranasal, 8% spray on the oral mucosa or intravenous), buprenorphine (ganglionic local opioid analgesia), and oral Nav1.7, a selective sodium channel blocker. Results: Meta-analyses showed that overall patients receiving lidocaine reported a significantly lower post-treatment intensity of pain -3.8 points on a 0-10 scale (95% Cl = -4.653 to -2.873; P < 0.001). Patients who received lidocaine were 8.62 times more likely to have pain improvement than patients on placebo (P < 0.001). In one RCT, patients receiving oral carbamazepine showed a significant improvement in pain intensity of -32% compared to the placebo (P < 0.001). In one trial, patients receiving 3 mg subcutaneous sumatriptan had a significantly lower intensity of pain on average -6.1 points on a scale of 0-10 compared to placebo (P < 0.001) and a significant improvement in pain intensity of -75% compared to the improvement in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Patients who received subcutaneous sumatriptan were 10 times more likely to have pain improvement than those who received placebo (P = 0.001) in one study. Due to the unclear/high risk of bias and small sample size, the quality of the evidence for lidocaine in the treatment of TN was low. Conclusion: Further studies are needed for carbamazepine, sumatriptan, buprenorphine, and oral Nav1.7 sodium channel blockers, as only one study reported outcomes.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2018

수은은 다양한 산업활동에 사용되어 해양 환경 내에 지속적으로 유입되며 먹이사슬을 따라 축적되며 생물체 내로 유입 시 해양 생물의 성장, 발생, 생식, 대사 등에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기수산 물벼룩 Diaphanosoma clelbensis에 대한 수은의 급성 독성과 산화적 스트레스 지표(총 glutathione 함량, GST, GR, GPx 활성)를 이용한 항산화 반응을 조사하였다. 24시간 수은을 노출시킨 결과 생존율이 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 양상을 보였으며, 24시간 LC₅₀ 값은 0.589 mg/l (95% C.I. 0.521~0.655 mg/l)로 나타났다. 수은(0.08과 0.4 mg/l)을 24시간 노출시킨 D. celebensis에서 총 glutathione 함량은 유의하게 감소하는 양상을 보였으며, GST, GR, GPx 활성은 유의하게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 수은 노출에 의해 D. celebensis에서 산화적 스트레스가 유도되었음을 의미하며, 이들 산화적 스트레스 지표의 변화는 세포내에서 방어기전으로 작용하였음을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 D. celebensis에서 수은 독성의 분자메커니즘을 이해하는데 도움이 되며, 중금속 오염된 해양 생태계 모니터링과 해양 생물의 건강성 평가에서 이들 분자지표의 활용 가능성을 제시한다.