Internet communities are a typical space for knowledge creation and use on the Internet as people discuss their common interests within the internet communities. When we define 'Knowledge Communities' as internet communities that are related to knowledge creation and use, they are categorized into 4 different types such as 'Search Engine,' 'Open Communities,' 'Specialty Communities,' and 'Activity Communities.' Each type of knowledge community does not remain the same, for example. Rather, it changes with time and is also affected by the external business environment. Therefore, it is critical to develop processes for practical use of such changeable knowledge communities. Yet there is little research regarding a strategic framework for knowledge communities as a source of knowledge creation and use. The purposes of this study are (1) to find factors that can affect knowledge creation and use for each type of knowledge community and (2) to develop a strategic framework for practical use of the knowledge communities. Based on previous research, we found 7 factors that have considerable impacts on knowledge creation and use. They were 'Fitness,' 'Reliability,' 'Systemicity,' 'Richness,' 'Similarity,' 'Feedback,' and 'Understanding.' We created 30 different questions from each type of knowledge community. The questions included common sense, IT, business and hobbies, and were uniformly selected from various knowledge communities. Instead of using survey, we used these questions to ask users of the 4 representative web sites such as Google from Search Engine, NAVER Knowledge iN from Open Communities, SLRClub from Specialty Communities, and Wikipedia from Activity Communities. These 4 representative web sites were selected based on popularity (i.e., the 4 most popular sites in Korea). They were also among the 4 most frequently mentioned sitesin previous research. The answers of the 30 knowledge questions were collected and evaluated by the 11 IT experts who have been working for IT companies more than 3 years. When evaluating, the 11 experts used the above 7 knowledge factors as criteria. Using a stepwise linear regression for the evaluation of the 7 knowledge factors, we found that each factors affects differently knowledge creation and use for each type of knowledge community. The results of the stepwise linear regression analysis showed the relationship between 'Understanding' and other knowledge factors. The relationship was different regarding the type of knowledge community. The results indicated that 'Understanding' was significantly related to 'Reliability' at 'Search Engine type', to 'Fitness' at 'Open Community type', to 'Reliability' and 'Similarity' at 'Specialty Community type', and to 'Richness' and 'Similarity' at 'Activity Community type'. A strategic framework was created from the results of this study and such framework can be useful for knowledge communities that are not stable with time. For the success of knowledge community, the results of this study suggest that it is essential to ensure there are factors that can influence knowledge communities. It is also vital to reinforce each factor has its unique influence on related knowledge community. Thus, these changeable knowledge communities should be transformed into an adequate type with proper business strategies and objectives. They also should be progressed into a type that covers varioustypes of knowledge communities. For example, DCInside started from a small specialty community focusing on digital camera hardware and camerawork and then was transformed to an open community focusing on social issues through well-known photo galleries. NAVER started from a typical search engine and now covers an open community and a special community through additional web services such as NAVER knowledge iN, NAVER Cafe, and NAVER Blog. NAVER is currently competing withan activity community such as Wikipedia through the NAVER encyclopedia that provides similar services with NAVER encyclopedia's users as Wikipedia does. Finally, the results of this study provide meaningfully practical guidance for practitioners in that which type of knowledge community is most appropriate to the fluctuated business environment as knowledge community itself evolves with time.
Mobile e-business is in wide use with the rapid growth of wireless internet users. To meet the growing requests for mobile e-business the productivity of mobile applications has been demanded. The WAPSiteGen, introduced in this paper, automatically generates a 3-tier WAP application that needs a new application database or that already has an application database to increase the productivity. The WAPSiteGen generates the EJB components that handle business logic and the JSP Web components that process user-made queries and the WAP Push feature. For a presentation layer, it also generates the HTML forms for an application manager and the WML decks for end users, which consists of many cards. The WAPSiteGen enhances extendibility, reusability and portability of generated 3-tier applications by comprising such component technologies as EJB and JSP. Furthermore, it supports the WAP Push services for generated applications that provide necessary information to wherever and at whenever a user wants. Since the applications generated by the WAPSiteGen provide the information on an interested entity as well as the information on all the directly or indirectly related entities to the interested one, it shows faster information accessibility. In this paper, we explain the functionality and implementation of the WAPSiteGen and then show its merits by comparing the WAPSiteGen to commercial WAP application generators.
This study aims to validate the cost of building the infrastructure to commercialize online electric vehicles. For that purpose, we probe the cost to construct the necessary infrastructure for online electric vehicles regarding Seoul area public bus transit. OLEV and PEV are considered as alternative electric vehicle schemes, and each of them has their own cons and pros in terms of rechargeable battery cost and charger cost. An optimization model which minimizes the cost to install online electric bus feeding devices is proposed in order to compare the total costs of the two alternative schemes. We developed a Mixed Integer Programming model to locate the feeding devices of several different lengths at each bus stops. Furthermore, we implemented a computer simulator to obtain the parameters which will be used in the MIP model and a Web-based system which determines the optimal location of infrastructure for the whole city area from a result of the MIP model. The cost comparison result shows that the total cost of OLEV is cheaper than that of PEV considering the real data of Seoul area public transit, and, as a result, confirms the feasibility of the commercialization of OLEV.
With the development of the web, two-way communication and evaluation became possible and marketing paradigms shifted. In order to meet the needs of consumers, web design trends are continuously responding to consumer feedback. As the web becomes more and more important, both academics and businesses are studying consumer emotions and satisfaction on the web. However, some consumer characteristics are not well considered. Demographic characteristics such as age and sex have been studied extensively, but few studies consider psychological characteristics such as regulatory focus (i.e., emotional regulation). In this study, we analyze the effect of web style on consumer emotion. Many studies analyze the relationship between the web and regulatory focus, but most concentrate on the purpose of web use, particularly motivation and information search, rather than on web style and design. The web communicates with users through visual elements. Because the human brain is influenced by all five senses, both design factors and emotional responses are important in the web environment. Therefore, in this study, we examine the relationship between consumer emotion and satisfaction and web style and design. Previous studies have considered the effects of web layout, structure, and color on emotions. In this study, however, we excluded these web components, in contrast to earlier studies, and analyzed the relationship between consumer satisfaction and emotional indexes of web-style only. To perform this analysis, we collected consumer surveys presenting 40 web style themes to 204 consumers. Each consumer evaluated four themes. The emotional adjectives evaluated by consumers were composed of 18 contrast pairs, and the upper emotional indexes were extracted through factor analysis. The emotional indexes were 'softness,' 'modernity,' 'clearness,' and 'jam.' Hypotheses were established based on the assumption that emotional indexes have different effects on consumer satisfaction. After the analysis, hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 were accepted and hypothesis 4 was rejected. While hypothesis 4 was rejected, its effect on consumer satisfaction was negative, not positive. This means that emotional indexes such as 'softness,' 'modernity,' and 'clearness' have a positive effect on consumer satisfaction. In other words, consumers prefer emotions that are soft, emotional, natural, rounded, dynamic, modern, elaborate, unique, bright, pure, and clear. 'Jam' has a negative effect on consumer satisfaction. It means, consumer prefer the emotion which is empty, plain, and simple. Regulatory focus shows differences in motivation and propensity in various domains. It is important to consider organizational behavior and decision making according to the regulatory focus tendency, and it affects not only political, cultural, ethical judgments and behavior but also broad psychological problems. Regulatory focus also differs from emotional response. Promotion focus responds more strongly to positive emotional responses. On the other hand, prevention focus has a strong response to negative emotions. Web style is a type of service, and consumer satisfaction is affected not only by cognitive evaluation but also by emotion. This emotional response depends on whether the consumer will benefit or harm himself. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the difference of the consumer's emotional response according to the regulatory focus which is one of the characteristics and viewpoint of the consumers about the web style. After MMR analysis result, hypothesis 5.3 was accepted, and hypothesis 5.4 was rejected. But hypothesis 5.4 supported in the opposite direction to the hypothesis. After validation, we confirmed the mechanism of emotional response according to the tendency of regulatory focus. Using the results, we developed the structure of web-style recommendation system and recommend methods through regulatory focus. We classified the regulatory focus group in to three categories that promotion, grey, prevention. Then, we suggest web-style recommend method along the group. If we further develop this study, we expect that the existing regulatory focus theory can be extended not only to the motivational part but also to the emotional behavioral response according to the regulatory focus tendency. Moreover, we believe that it is possible to recommend web-style according to regulatory focus and emotional desire which consumers most prefer.
With the rise of internet and e-commerce, this is more applicable now than ever. People rely on computer networks to provide them with news, stock prices, e-mail and online shopping. People's credit card details, medical records and other personal information are stored on computer systems. Many companies have a web presence as an essential part of their business. The research community uses computer systems to undertake research and to disseminate findings. The integrity and availability of all these systems have to be protected against a number of threats. Amateur hackers, rival corporations, terrorists and even foreign governments have the motive and capability to carry out sophisticated attacks against computer systems. Therefore, the field of information and communication security has become vitally important to the safety and economic well being of society as a whole. This paper provides an overview of IDS and IPS, their functions, detection and analysis techniques. It also presents comparison of security capability and characteristics of IDPS techniques. This will make basis of IDPS(Intrusion Detection and Protection System) technology integration for a broad-based IDPS solutions
In a traditional customer support environment, mainly call centers or service centers are responsible for receiving inquiries from their customers via telephone calls. Due to the rapid growth of Internet with its widespread acceptance and accessibility, means of communication with customers in the traditional customer support center, such as telephones, letters, and direct-visiting, have been replaced by e-mails and bulletin board systems (BBSs) using the Internet constantly. BBSs are basically question and answer systems, they require some lead time to get answer from administrator. To reduce lead time, BBSs enable remote customers or users to log on and tap into a knowledge database that is generally formatted in the form of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) that provide answers and solutions to the common problems. And, many different types of the questions are mixed on the BBS. It is a burden to administrator. To build FAQs and to support BBS adminstrator, a supporting tool which is to categorize questions is helpful. In this research, we suggest an interactive question categorizing methodology which consists of steps to present question using keywords, identifying keywords' affinity, computing similarity among questions, and clustering questions. This methodology allows users to interact iteratively for clear manifestation of ambiguous questions. We also developed a prototype system, IQC (interactive question categorizer) and evaluated its performance using the comparison experiments with other systems. IQC is not a general purposed system, but it produces a good result in a given specific domain.
In this paper, the current problems of logistics industry in Korea and their possible solutions were discussed. With Korea Telecoms KT-Logis, the supplier and demander of logistics service would not have to invest large sum of money into their computer system. All they need is just a computer with internet connected. What KT-Logis influence on the logistics industry are the following; 1. Many logistics service supplier and demander can do the business on the web with one computer system. 2. This web based computer system does not only work on the office but also apply on the field worker such as delivery personnel or even the forwarder with mobile phone. 3. KT-Logis is an integrated system which cover the broad arrange of logistics management from truck management to customer relations management. 4. Finally, KT-Logis is web based systems which suits for current e-business and mobile environment. In future, more studies should be done to develop more progressive integrated logistics information systems with enterprise resource planning(ERP) and supply chain management(SCM).
1. Introduction Today Internet is recognized as an important way for the transaction of products and services. According to the data surveyed by the National Statistical Office, the on-line transaction in 2007 for a year, 15.7656 trillion, shows a 17.1%(2.3060 trillion won) increase over last year, of these, the amount of B2C has been increased 12.0%(10.2258 trillion won). Like this, because the entry barrier of on-line market of Korea is low, many retailers could easily enter into the market. So the bigger its scale is, but on the other hand, the tougher its competition is. Particularly due to the Internet and innovation of IT, the existing market has been changed into the perfect competitive market(Srinivasan, Rolph & Kishore, 2002). In the early years of on-line business, they think that the main reason for success is a moderate price, they are awakened to its importance of on-line service quality with tough competition. If it's not sure whether customers can be provided with what they want, they can use the Web sites, perhaps they can trust their products that had been already bought or not, they have a doubt its viability(Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhotra, 2005). Customers can directly reserve and issue their air tickets irrespective of place and time at the Web sites of travel agencies or airlines, but its empirical studies about these Web sites for reserving and issuing air tickets are insufficient. Therefore this study goes on for following specific objects. First object is to measure service quality and service recovery of Web sites for reserving and issuing air tickets. Second is to look into whether above on-line service quality and on-line service recovery have an impact on overall service quality. Third is to seek for the relation with overall service quality and customer satisfaction, then this customer satisfaction and loyalty intention. 2. Theoretical Background 2.1 On-line Service Quality Barnes & Vidgen(2000; 2001a; 2001b; 2002) had invented the tool to measure Web sites' quality four times(called WebQual). The WebQual 1.0, Step one invented a measuring item for information quality based on QFD, and this had been verified by students of UK business school. The Web Qual 2.0, Step two invented for interaction quality, and had been judged by customers of on-line bookshop. The WebQual 3.0, Step three invented by consolidating the WebQual 1.0 for information quality and the WebQual2.0 for interactionquality. It includes 3-quality-dimension, information quality, interaction quality, site design, and had been assessed and confirmed by auction sites(e-bay, Amazon, QXL). Furtheron, through the former empirical studies, the authors changed sites quality into usability by judging that usability is a concept how customers interact with or perceive Web sites and It is used widely for accessing Web sites. By this process, WebQual 4.0 was invented, and is consist of 3-quality-dimension; information quality, interaction quality, usability, 22 items. However, because WebQual 4.0 is focusing on technical part, it's usable at the Website's design part, on the other hand, it's not usable at the Web site's pleasant experience part. Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhorta(2002; 2005) had invented the measure for measuring on-line service quality in 2002 and 2005. The study in 2002 divided on-line service quality into 5 dimensions. But these were not well-organized, so there needed to be studied again totally. So Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhorta(2005) re-worked out the study about on-line service quality measure base on 2002's study and invented E-S-QUAL. After they invented preliminary measure for on-line service quality, they made up a question for customers who had purchased at amazon.com and walmart.com and reassessed this measure. And they perfected an invention of E-S-QUAL consists of 4 dimensions, 22 items of efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, privacy. Efficiency measures assess to sites and usability and others, system availability measures accurate technical function of sites and others, fulfillment measures promptness of delivering products and sufficient goods and others and privacy measures the degree of protection of data about their customers and so on. 2.2 Service Recovery Service industries tend to minimize the losses by coping with service failure promptly. This responses of service providers to service failure mean service recovery(Kelly & Davis, 1994). Bitner(1990) went on his study from customers' view about service providers' behavior for customers to recognize their satisfaction/dissatisfaction at service point. According to them, to manage service failure successfully, exact recognition of service problem, an apology, sufficient description about service failure and some tangible compensation are important. Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhorta(2005) approached the service recovery from how to measure, rather than how to manage, and moved to on-line market not to off-line, then invented E-RecS-QUAL which is a measuring tool about on-line service recovery. 2.3 Customer Satisfaction The definition of customer satisfaction can be divided into two points of view. First, they approached customer satisfaction from outcome of comsumer. Howard & Sheth(1969) defined satisfaction as 'a cognitive condition feeling being rewarded properly or improperly for their sacrifice.' and Westbrook & Reilly(1983) also defined customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction as 'a psychological reaction to the behavior pattern of shopping and purchasing, the display condition of retail store, outcome of purchased goods and service as well as whole market.' Second, they approached customer satisfaction from process. Engel & Blackwell(1982) defined satisfaction as 'an assessment of a consistency in chosen alternative proposal and their belief they had with them.' Tse & Wilton(1988) defined customer satisfaction as 'a customers' reaction to discordance between advance expectation and ex post facto outcome.' That is, this point of view that customer satisfaction is process is the important factor that comparing and assessing process what they expect and outcome of consumer. Unlike outcome-oriented approach, process-oriented approach has many advantages. As process-oriented approach deals with customers' whole expenditure experience, it checks up main process by measuring one by one each factor which is essential role at each step. And this approach enables us to check perceptual/psychological process formed customer satisfaction. Because of these advantages, now many studies are adopting this process-oriented approach(Yi, 1995). 2.4 Loyalty Intention Loyalty has been studied by dividing into behavioral approaches, attitudinal approaches and complex approaches(Dekimpe et al., 1997). In the early years of study, they defined loyalty focusing on behavioral concept, behavioral approaches regard customer loyalty as "a tendency to purchase periodically within a certain period of time at specific retail store." But the loyalty of behavioral approaches focuses on only outcome of customer behavior, so there are someone to point the limits that customers' decision-making situation or process were neglected(Enis & Paul, 1970; Raj, 1982; Lee, 2002). So the attitudinal approaches were suggested. The attitudinal approaches consider loyalty contains all the cognitive, emotional, voluntary factors(Oliver, 1997), define the customer loyalty as "friendly behaviors for specific retail stores." However these attitudinal approaches can explain that how the customer loyalty form and change, but cannot say positively whether it is moved to real purchasing in the future or not. This is a kind of shortcoming(Oh, 1995). 3. Research Design 3.1 Research Model Based on the objects of this study, the research model derived is
The terrestrial-digital multimedia broadcasting(T-DMB) is now provided for the public service and the number of receivers reaches 15 million at the present of August 2008. The service of T-DMB itself has been succeeded in the presence. It is however remained as a supplementary role of stationed TV. It is necessary to find an additional business model as a new media to acquire surplus escaping from the deficit of the present T-DMB service. In the present paper, data service of T-DMB is proposed as candidate of such solution. Especially, TTI(Traffic and Travel Information) service is proposed as a killer application using TPEG(Transport Protocol Experts Group). At present, TPEG has not been so popular in the sense of various user satisfaction. Thus the variety of service including bi-directional service using DMB2.0 as in the sphere of Web2.0 is necessary for the service providers. In the paper, the restriction of TPEG-POI(Point of Interest) application service using the conventional mobile communication infrastructure is indicated. To overcome such restriction, TPEG-UCM(User Created Message) application service model using individual bi-directional media which is initiated and interacting by the users is proposed. In the experiment, the application program shows the usability of the proposed method so that the implementation results show its operability.
The Basic Semantic Register(BSR) is and official ISO register designed for interoperability among eBusiness and EDI systems. The entities registered in the current BSR are not defined in a machine-understandable way, which renders automatic extraction of structural and relationship information from the register impossible. The purpose of this study is to offer a framework for designing an ontology that can provide semantic interoperability among BSR-based systems by defining data structures and relationships with RDF and OWL, similar meaning by the 'equivalentClass' construct in OWL, the hierachical relationships among classes by the 'subClassOf' construct in RDF schema, definition of any entities in BSR by the 'label' construct in RDF schema, specification of usage guidelines by the 'comment' construct in RDF schema, assignment of classes to BSU's by the 'domain' construct in RDF schema, specification of data types of BSU's by the 'range' construct in RDF schema. Hierarchical relationships among properties in BSR can be expressed using the 'subPropertyOf' in RDF schema. Progress in semantic interoperability can be expected among BSR-based systems through applications of semantic web technology suggested in this study.
. 3.2 Hypotheses 3.2.1 The Hypothesis of On-line Service Quality and Overall Service Quality shows, Step 1 and Step 2 are significant, and mediation variable has a significant effect on dependent variables and so does independent variables at Step 3, too. And there needs to prove the partial mediation effect, independent variable's estimate ability at Step 3(Standardized coefficient
shows, Step 1 and Step 2 are significant, and mediation variable has a significant effect on dependent variables and so does independent variables at Step 3, too. And there needs to prove the partial mediation effect, independent variable's estimate ability at Step 3(Standardized coefficient
TPEG-based User Created Message Service Model Design for Terrestrial DMB
(지상파DMB TPEG 기반 사용자 주도형 메시지 서비스 모델 설계)
Designing Schemes to Associate Basic Semantics Register with RDF/OWL
(기본의미등록기의 RDF/OWL 연계방안에 관한 연구)
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