• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to figure out the place characteristics of preferable city tourist attractions through the contents analysis of non-academic literatures such as tourist guidebooks and web materials. The most preferable Seoul tourist attractions were selected by their frequency in literatures including Namsan and Hangang as 'natural' places, Dugsu Palace and Gyungbok Palace as 'historical' places, Itaewon and Daehak-ro as 'lively-cultural' places that were classified by their relativistic character. The main findings of the research are as follows. The essential place characteristics of tourist attractions were synthesized in urban, regional and place scale respectively. While 'contrast' was found to be the most distinguished character of the tourist attractions in the urban context, 'connectivity' was found to be the most distinguished character of the tourist attractions in the regional context. In addition, both 'visibility' and 'experience' were found to be the most distinguished characters of the tourist attractions in the place context. The characteristics of these places seem to be the universal fascination factors of city tourist attractions currently recognized by ordinary citizens. We expect to further strengthen the city identity and the city tourism effect by adopting those research results systematically to the urban environment. Therefore, it is needed to vitalize the urban tourist attractions that we make them to be more 'contrasting' with urban areas surrounding them, more 'connective' with vicinity areas and more 'visibly fascinating' and 'experienced actively and meaningfully' in each place of tourist attractions.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.233-256
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyse between foreign curriculum and our high school industrial technology subject-matter curriculum, to review trend and stream of curriculum revision, and purpose and content system of subject-matter. This study was conducted through reviewing literature; research reference, journal, book, and Web materials. in this study, comparative target country was restricted to Japan, U. S. A., U. K., and N. Z., Australia that administer to similar subject with our industrial technology subject-matter. The major finding of this study were as follows: 1. A similar subject-matter with our industrial technology subject0matter was Japan' 'foundation of industrial technology' and 'project research', U. S. A.' 'technology' and etc, U. K.' 'design and technology', and N. Z.' 'technology', 'New South Wales in Australia' design and technology'. 2. The result of analysis to purpose and strength of subject-matter, our' industrial technology subject-matter was oriented to knowledge, understanding and career search in industrial area. but, the other was emphasized technological problem solving by process-based method with thinking and action. 3. In the curriculum content, our country was treat to content area of a broad industrial world. on the other hand, Japan; relationship between human and technology, environment, process technology and product technology, project research. U. S. A.; technology content standards by knowledge, process and context, U. K., N. Z., and Australia were focused 'design process'. Based on above results, the recommendation can be established as follows: 1. A study on the implementation of industrial technology curriculum. 2. A study on the perception and need assessment of expert and stakeholder about purpose and content system. of industrial technology subject-matter.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.655-666
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• 2007

Reasoners using typical Tableaux algorithm such as RacerPro, Pellet have a problem in Tableaux algorithm large ABox reasoning. Researches to solve these Problems are dealt with Instance Store of University of Manchester which uses Tableaux algorithm based reasoner and DBMS and KAON2 of University of Karlsruhe using Disjunctive Datalog approach. An evaluation experiment for present reasoners is the experiment of TBox reasoning in most of Tableaux algorithm based one. The most of benchmarking tests in reasoning systems haven't done with ABox reasoning based Tableaux Algorithm but done with TBox reasoning based Tableaux Algorithm. Especially, rarely reported benchmarking tests in reasoners have been issued nowadays. Therefore, this thesis evaluates systems with theory of each reasoners for large ABox reasoning that becomes issues recently with typical reasoners. The large AoBx reasoning engine will be analyzed using Instance Store and KAON2 of Manchester University for large ABox processing. At the analysing method, LUBM(Lehigh University BenchMark), benchmarking test method, and it's test system will be introduced. In conclusion, I recommend appropriate reasoner in various environment with experiment result and characteristic of algorithm used for each reasoner.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Attempts were made to analyze the national policy of soil contamination prevention and management of inactive or abandoned metal (IAM) mines in Korea. This approach focused on legal systems and legislation, remediation technology development, and the arrangement or distribution of budgets pertaining to national policy since the mid 1990's. Prevention of Mining Damage and Recovery Act enacted. Defines the roles, responsibility and budget of the government when recovering mine damages. However, in 2005 there still remains to improve the national policy of soil contamination prevention and management of IAM mines. Analysis of national and industrialized foreign countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands suggest the following improvements: i) arranging distinct regulations between strict and non-strict liability criteria for potentially responsible parties; limiting innocent and non-strict liability depending on the period of incurred mining activity, ii) enhancing participation of local communities by enforcing law and legislation, iii) establishing a national database system of (potentially) IAM contaminated sites based on the Website-Geographic Information System, iv) carrying out site-specific risk assessments and remediation of IAM contaminated sites, v) preparation and distribution of clean-up fund at mine sites adequately, and vi) technology development for the cleaning of IAM contaminated sites; awarding positive incentives of a legal nature for participants applying newly developed technology in IAM mines.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

Scirpus planiculmis dominated in Nakdong river estuary is known as food for birds visiting to Nakdong river estuary and plays an important role in material cycle and food web, while repeating growth and production, decomposition process in 1-year interval. Therefore, if it is able to predict effectively biomass or tuber production of Scirpus planiculmis which is food source for estuarine organisms or birds, it can provide very useful information on the Nakdong river estuary management. In this study, regression equation that can predict the tuber production, food for birds, was obtained using initial density of Scirpus planiculmis that can minimize the disturbance of ecosystem and is faster and easier. The correlation analysis results show that density, biomass and tuber production have liner relationship(p<0.001) with 0.6103~0.9950 of correlation coefficients. In addition, the regression equations have high coefficients of determination of 0.3696~0.7145 and it shows that it is able to predict biomass or tuber production while using the estimated regression equation obtained from relationship among the initial density, biomass and tuber production. The results of this study are expected to utilize effectively the management of estuary ecosystem such as management on food source for migratory birds visiting to Nakdong river estuary.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.474-481
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• 2007

With population growth, industrialization, and urbanization within the watershed, the hydrologic response changed dramatically, resulting in increases in peak flow with lesser time to peak and total runoff with shortened time of concentration. Infiltration is directly affected by initial soil moisture condition, which is a key element to determine runoff. Influence of the initial soil moisture condition on hydrograph analysis should be evaluated to assess land use change impacts on runoff and non-point source pollution characteristics. The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model has been widely used for the estimation of the direct runoff worldwide. The L-THIA model was applied to the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed and Its estimated direct runoff values were compared with the BFLOW filtered direct runoff values by other researchers. The $R^2$ value Was 0.68 and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value was 0.64. Also, the L-THIA estimates were compared with those separated using optimized $BFI_{max}$ value for the Eckhardt filter. The $R^2$ value and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value were 0.66 and 0.63, respectively. Although these higher statistics could indicate that the L-THIA model is good in estimating the direct runoff reasonably well, the Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) was not adjusted in that study, which might be responsible for mismatches in peak flow between the L-THIA estimated and the measured peak values. In this study, the L-THIA model was run with AMC adjustment for direct runoff estimation. The $R^2$ value was 0.80 and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value was 0.78 for the comparison of L-THIA simulated direct runoff with the filtered direct runoff. However there was 42.44% differences in the L-THIA estimated direct runoff and filtered direct runoff. This can be explained in that about 80% of the simulation period is classified as 'AMC I' condition, which caused lower CN values and lower direct runoff estimation. Thus, the coefficients of the equation to adjust CN II to CN I and CN III depending on AMC condition were modified to minimize adjustments impacts on runoff estimation. The $R^2$ and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient values increase, 0.80 and 0.80 respectively. The difference in the estimated and filtered direct runoff decreased from 42.44% to 7.99%. The results obtained in this study indicate the AMC needs to be considered for accurate direct runoff estimation using the L-THIA model. Also, more researches are needed for realistic adjustment of the AMC in the L-THIA model.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.51-87
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to seek a measure to institutionalize the curriculum of Korean homeschooling by comparing and analyzing curriculums of homeschooling between the United States and South Korea. To do so, literature review was conducted to derive analysis criterion and curriculums of homeschooling between the United States and South Korea were compared and analyzed. The major findings of analyses are as follows. First, from the perspective of educational goal, homeschooling families of both countries are similar in which they preferentially seek private goal but also consider social goal as well. Second, in the perspective of educational content, a diversity in course of study, textbook and other education materials of homeschooling in the United States is substantially attained when Korean homeschooling families suffer shortage. Third, in terms of educational implementation, homeschooling of both countries attained an autonomy in instructional time and a diversity in instructional space and method, however, unlike homeschooling in the United States, homeschooling in South Korea is experiencing difficulties due to lack of homschooling organization, homeschooling co-ops and web-site space. Fourth, in the perspective of educational evaluation, homeschooling in South Korea, unlike its comparison target, has not been certified as a formal education as well as not been accepted from universities. Based on these analysis results, conclusion and discussion have been proposed.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.413-429
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• 2021

Background: Migraine headaches are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and are responsible for significant morbidity, reduction in the quality of life, and loss of productivity on a global scale. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine on migraines and other primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other active interventions, such as midazolam, metoclopramide/diphenhydramine, and prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine. Methods: An electronic search of databases published up to February 2021, including Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, a hand search of the bibliographies of the included studies, as well as literature and systematic reviews found through the search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating ketamine in the treatment of migraine/headache disorders compared to the placebo. The authors assessed the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Results: The initial search strategy yielded 398 unduplicated references, which were independently assessed by three review authors. After evaluation, this number was reduced to five RCTs (two unclear risk of bias and three high risk of bias). The total number of patients in all the studies was 193. Due to the high risk of bias, small sample size, heterogeneity of the outcomes reported, and heterogeneity of the comparison groups, the quality of the evidence was very low. One RCT reported that intranasal ketamine was superior to intranasal midazolam in improving the aura attack severity, but not duration, while another reported that intranasal ketamine was not superior to metoclopramide and diphenhydramine in reducing the headache severity. In one trial, subcutaneous ketamine was superior to saline in migraine severity reduction; however, intravenous (I.V.) ketamine was inferior to I.V. prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine in another study. Conclusion: Further double-blind controlled studies are needed to assess the efficacy of ketamine in treating acute and chronic refractory migraines and other primary headaches using intranasal and subcutaneous routes. These studies should include a long-term follow-up and different ketamine dosages in diagnosed patients following international standards for diagnosing headache/migraine.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.379-396
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• 2021

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by brief, unilateral, sharp, stabbing, and shooting pain of the fifth cranial nerve. The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effect of medications compared to placebo in adult patients with TN. Methods: Review authors identified randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE up to February 2021. We assessed the inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the risk of bias of the studies based on the Cochrane Handbook. A total of 324 unduplicated references were scanned independently and reduced to eight relevant RCTs, with 89 patients included. Medications investigated included oral carbamazepine, subcutaneous sumatriptan, lidocaine (intranasal, 8% spray on the oral mucosa or intravenous), buprenorphine (ganglionic local opioid analgesia), and oral Nav1.7, a selective sodium channel blocker. Results: Meta-analyses showed that overall patients receiving lidocaine reported a significantly lower post-treatment intensity of pain -3.8 points on a 0-10 scale (95% Cl = -4.653 to -2.873; P < 0.001). Patients who received lidocaine were 8.62 times more likely to have pain improvement than patients on placebo (P < 0.001). In one RCT, patients receiving oral carbamazepine showed a significant improvement in pain intensity of -32% compared to the placebo (P < 0.001). In one trial, patients receiving 3 mg subcutaneous sumatriptan had a significantly lower intensity of pain on average -6.1 points on a scale of 0-10 compared to placebo (P < 0.001) and a significant improvement in pain intensity of -75% compared to the improvement in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Patients who received subcutaneous sumatriptan were 10 times more likely to have pain improvement than those who received placebo (P = 0.001) in one study. Due to the unclear/high risk of bias and small sample size, the quality of the evidence for lidocaine in the treatment of TN was low. Conclusion: Further studies are needed for carbamazepine, sumatriptan, buprenorphine, and oral Nav1.7 sodium channel blockers, as only one study reported outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2021

Understanding the selective feeding behavior of zooplankton on phytoplankton is essential for evaluating the nutrient cycle and energy flow in the food web. Although many studies have been conducted regarding the feeding behaviors of zooplankton through gut content analyses, there are limitations in the visual identification of digested contents using a microscope. DNA techniques have been applied to overcome these limitations since they can detect and amplify small amounts of prey DNA remaining in the gut contents. We designed a method to extract prey DNA from the gut contents of the whole body of the copepod specimen and tested the resolution of DNA identification for the prey phytoplankton. The common brackish species, Sinocalanus tenellus, were collected from Saemangeum Reservoir in different sites and seasons, and gut content DNA was extracted using 2.5% bleach treatment for 2 min for removal of potential contamination sources existing in preserved specimens without dissolution of the body. The sequences of the extracted gut contents were confirmed using BLASTn suite based on the NCBI database. The phytoplankton species detected in the gut showed temporal and spatial differences. Although DNA analysis of small copepod gut contents has been suggested as an effective method to examine the dynamics of primary prey sources at the genus or species level, uncertainties such as misidentification and limitations in the detailed information of the composition still exist.