• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.549-559
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the comfort of sports bras by style and bra cup size. The comfort of wear was measured with compression level. The displacement of breast points (BP) after wearing a sports bra was measured. Study subjects evaluated the comfort level of the compression type and encapsulation type sports bras after walking and running. The results showed that all types of experimental sports bras provided more coverage than everyday bras. The compression type bra placed more pressure on the breast, chest, and under-bust than the encapsulation type bra. The BP distance decreased for all types. The C cup subjects' breasts were raised after wearing the sports bras. The B cup subjects had less comfort with the compression style bra than C cup subjects. The racer back style bra with high neckline and small band girth placed more pressure than others. They were difficult to don and doff and the least comfortable. These results imply that the racer back compression style sports bra was uncomfortable for women with large breast, while the encapsulation style bra with the compressing panel at upper chest was the most comfortable. The bras that shortened BP distance placed more pressure on the breast. But the bra that raised and shorted the distance of BP provided better comfort for large-breasted subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.545-559
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• 2015

This research investigates consumer responses to different types of fashion film used in national women's wear brands. The content analysis was conducted as a preliminary study for women's wear fashion brand based on the 2012/2013 fashion brand yearbook. Three types of fashion film (Wearing Apparel Products, Brand Advertising and Storytelling were used as stimuli for the present study. We analyzed 224 data gathered using SPSS 22.0. The results showed significant differences among types of fashion film in regards to film attitude, product evaluation, creativity, information literacy, re-watching intention and word of mouth intention variables. This study revealed that the Brand Advertising type received the most positive evaluation in many aspects. Especially, the Storytelling type received the most positive evaluation in creativity. Wearing Apparel Products type gained high points in information literacy. The present study helps brand managers determine a fashion film that best suits each brand characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 1998

Background : There have been very few studies conducted on the number and type of microorganisms that remain on the ring finger after handwashing. This study was performed to investigate whether there were changes and differences in the type and number of microorganisms on the ring finger before and after handwashing. Method : The subjects of the study were 15 MICU and SICU staff nurses who were wearing rings. I swabbed two different fingers of the same hand with cotton balls. One finger which had a ring and the other with no ring. I swabbed the fingers of each subject three times(before handwashing, after handwashing with soap, and after handwashing with bethadine solution). After storing them for 48 hours in an incubator, I sent them to the laboratory and recorded the culture results. Results : There was no difference in the type of microorganism, but a major difference in the number of the microorganisms that existed on the finger ring. The results showed that there were much more microorganisms on the ring fingers than on the fingers that did not have rings both before and after handwashing. This tendency was consistent regardless of the handwashing agent. I therefore recommend that all nursing staff who work in general nursing units, as well as nurses who work in the ICU, remove their rings when taking care of the patients.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 2023

Purpose: During the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak, mask-wearing is required to protect against and limit the spread of infection, but it can directly affect skin problems. Change in skin condition might be related to mental health. This study explored the association between skin conditions and behavior of skin cares and stress levels during the Covid-19pandemics. Research design, data and methodology: A survey was conducted on 516 adults who were aware of damaged skin due to continuous wearing of masks for a long time during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study included 164 men and 352 women in the Republic of Korea. Results: Skin conditions and behavior of skin cares associated with stress perceptions. A multiple linear regression model was used adjusting for potential confounder. Conclusion: Since management so far in the COVID-19 Pandemic can cause skin concerns and change the original skin type, it is necessary to redefine and improve the use of skin care, face-washing methods, and functional cosmetics. People with high and low interest in skin type recognition and management were evenly identified, and it was confirmed that stress awareness decreases as awareness of skin care attitude increases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.292-302
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal properties of lab gowns developed from the point of safety and work efficiency. We evaluated thermal and subjective responses of subjects wearing functional new lab gowns (Type B, C, D) and a popular lab gown on the market (Type A). Type B was a new lab gown made of woven fabric with functional cuffs. Type C was a new apron made of woven fabric with arm protectors. Type D was a new lab gown made of non-woven material with functional cuffs and openings around the armpits. Temperature in the climatic chamber was set at 19$^{\circ}$C as an indoor temperature in winter and at 24$^{\circ}$C in summer. There were no significant differences in rectal temperature and heart rate among four types of gowns and between two air temperatures for 120 min. Mean skin temperature was much higher in the type A and B than in He type C and D (p .05). In the 19$^{\circ}$C air, clothing microclimate temperature on the back was the highest in the type B and was the lowest in the type C (p .05). Clothing microclimate humidity was not significant differences among gowns. In subjective .esponses, subjects perceived that Type B was the warmest gown in the 19$^{\circ}$C and the hottest and more humid in the 24$^{\circ}$C than other gowns. Inversely, type C was the coolest gown among four gowns. Both in the 19$^{\circ}$C and in the 24$^{\circ}$C, the Type D had gained most responses of being comfortable. In conclusion, the temperature difference of 5$^{\circ}$C was more of an influencing factor than the difference from four types of lab gowns. Secondly, we recommend the manufacturers to make lab gowns with functional cuffs for safety purposes. Thirdly, the spread of the type of apron with arm protector will contribute to increase of the frequency of wearing in summer. Fourthly, it is necessary to study continuously about lab gowns with non-woven materials for researchers exposed to toxic chemical and biological materials.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

Six healthy female volunteers twice undertook an experiment with different types of clothing leaving the arms and legs covered or uncovered at $24{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}5%$ RH to study how different thermal stimulation to the distal extremities during the afternoon could modulate circadian parameters of body temperature rhythm. One type of clothing consisted of long-sleeved shirts and full-length trousers (Type I, 989 g, 0.991 clo); the other type consisted of half-sleeved shirts and knee-length trousers (Type II, 750 g, 0.747 clo). Subjects wore Type I or Type II clothing during the afternoon (14:00 h - 19:00 h), and Type I clothing during the evening (19:00 h - 22:30 h) and the night sleep (22:30 h - 06:00 h). Rectal temperature and skin temperatures at the arm and leg were measured continuously. Results were as follows: 1) The circadian amplitude of rectal temperature tended to be greater, and the acrophase was significantly earlier when wearing Type II rather than Type I clothing. 2) The circadian nadirs of skin temperatures of the arm and leg were significantly lower and the amplitudes were significantly greater with Type II clothing. In addition, the acrophase and bathyphase of the circadian rhythm of arm skin temperature were significantly earlier with Type II than Type I clothing. 3) The amplitude of rectal temperature was related closely with that of arm and leg skin temperature. These results suggest that a slightly cool thermal stress during the afternoon to the arms and legs exerted by wearing half-sleeved shirts and knee-length trousers induces a greater amplitude and a phase advance of the overt circadian rhythm of body temperature.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.592-601
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• 2009

This study was conducted to find out the purchasing characteristics, the wearing practices and the preferring style of skirts. Also the comparison between recognized body type and actual body type for skirt was analyzed. The questionnaire was developed and administered to 179 women aged 20 to 59 in Busan. The women of 20th liked to buy skirts at the road shops and the internet shops but the 30th, 40th and 50th at the department stores and the discount stores. The main purpose of buying skirts was to coordinate with other clothes. The design of skirt was the most important factor of buying. The women of the 20th wore skirts without special purpose but the 30th, 40th and 50th wore those for social life. The women of the 20th liked to wear skirts with t-shirts and cardigan, the 30th with blouse and cardigan and 40~50th with blouse and jacket. As the age increased, the ratio of women who felt discomfort of skirts increased. Most of these women felt discomforts in the waist and abdomen part of skirt. The style of skirt that made up for the weak points in the body type was preferred. The preferred silhouettes of skirts were semi-tight and A-line. The preferred lengths of skirts were different from ages. Black was preferred color of skirts. There was a significant difference in recognized body type according to age groups. As the age increased, the ratio of women who thought themselves as thick waist type increased. Just only 43% women of total subjects recognized their body type accurately.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.117-125
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• 2018

Aims of this study was to investigate on the actual condition of contact lens wearing after corneal refractive surgery, base curves and diameters of lenses on sale, and to confirm movement of lens and wear patterns when wearing of lenses in the modified cornea. After surgery, 16.5% of the respondents had experience wearing contact lenses. Also, the mostly distributed contact lenses had B.C. 8.6mm and DIA.14.0mm. The corneas of 24 eye after corneal refractive surgery were flat, the lenses moved towards inferior and temporal when wearing the lens. After corneal refractive surgery, contact lens wear may feel uncomfortable may require the detailed description and sophisticated fitting due to the limited type of contact lens. It is thought that convergence will be necessary in the industry and clinical study of contact lenses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.9_10 s.157
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• pp.1344-1353
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to investigate the actual wearing conditions of working uniform and identify problems for the aircraft mechanic. For this study, questionnaire surveys were conducted dividing according to styles of clothing; one-piece and two-piece styles. Subjects were 343 men working in flight line. Questionnaire of 159 two-piece styles and 184 one-piece ones were used in analysis. The results of the study are as follows; The result about wearing each type of working uniform showed that the two-piece one is always as the air force uniform, whereas the one-piece one is worn only a few times. They felt inconvenience during all operations except in the sitting position, crawling position, and positions in which they were using tools. Accordingly, the result of the functionality reported dissatisfaction on all question items. Therefore, uniform of two-piece style achieved better results on all questions related to motional flexibility and functionality. Questions on changes to finishing methods showed that each airline employed different methods for both two-pieced and one-pieced uniforms. The answers about the unstitched or worn-out parts of the two-piece garments showed that pants were unstitched on the inner seam of the trouser leg and hip regions, but the upper one was not. In case of the one-pieced uniform, the parts of wearing out is the seam of hip and the unstitched parts are knee region and hem line of pants. Questions concerning their satisfaction with the material of uniforms indicated a high rate of dissatisfaction, particularly in its ventilation and absorbency. Questions concerning the preferred design of working uniform indicated a preference for two-piece uniform rather than one-piece ones.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 1991

The study has been intended to find out meaningful information about the development of a prototype of enhanced maternity girdle. The girdles of three different models which were available in the market have been carried out by three six-month pregnant women and three nine-month pregnant women. The results of the study are as follows. 1. All three girdles showed improved wear effects in order of model A, model B, model C. Body surface area measurement and two body surface angles of abdomen are significantly dicreased by wearing and type of girdles. It is presumed that the reasons of good wear effect of model A is low expansion rate of the material and tight fitness of the model. Model B is made of material whose expansion rate is higher than model A. Also abdominal part of the model B is bias cut which is considered to result better stretch and consequently lower wear effect. 2. For wear comfort, subjects preferred in order of model B, model C, and model A. All subjects feel more comfortable after wearing girdles 30 minutes than after wearing girdles 1 day. Comparing 2 subject groups, 6-month pregnant group feel more comfortable about wearing girdles than 9-month pregnant group. 3. The girdles are expanded as a whole in order of model B, model C and model A. Considering the expansion rate of some specific area of the girdles, abdominal area expands more than hip area which expands more than thigh area. The expansion rates of girdles worn to 6-month pregnant group are very low at all area, while the expansion rates of girdles worn to 9-month pregnant group are very high.