• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.337-353
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• 2018

We used Illumina/HiSeq sequencing for analysis of gene expression profiling among four maize seed types (dent, CM3 and CM6; waxy, CM5 and CM19) at 10 DAP (days after pollination). A total of 88,993,000 (CM3), 103,817,340 (CM6), 103,139,640 (CM5), and 66,978,958 (CM19) sequence reads were generated with read lengths of about 0.9, 1.0, 1.0, and 0.7 billion bp, respectively. We obtained 69.1 (CM3), 71.0 (CM6), 71.2 (CM5), and 71.8% (CM19) high quality reads from the raw data and compared them with reference RNA sequences in a public DB (NCBI). It was revealed that mapped reads were 58%, 63%, 62%, and 62% of the EST reference in CM3, CM6, CM5 and CM19, respectively; and more than 51,000 genes were expressed based on RPKM criteria (over 0.25 value) in each CM3, CM6, CM5, and CM19 inbred line. In differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, we found that 3,527 genes were differentially expressed by at least two-fold with 1,709 upregulated in the two waxy inbred lines and 1,818 upregulated in the two dent inbred lines. We also detected genes for the sucrose and starch biosynthesis pathways based on BINs, and different expression patterns between waxy and dent inbred lines were shown for the gene set for starch synthesis, such as sh2, bt2, du1, wx1, and ae1. Although some genes were more expressed in dent lines, most genes for starch synthesis were much expressed in waxy lines. Especially, there was greater expression of the sus2 gene in both waxy lines compared with the dent lines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-18
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to know the genetic nature of waxy and fractured starch endosperm genes in 1983. F$_2$ seeds involve simple recessive gene(1：3) for the waxy and fractured starch endosperm genes, respectively. Also, association between waxy and fractured starch endosperm have shown to be segregated as expected to fit in the ratio 9：3：3：1 respectively of normal-nonwaxy： fractured-nonwaxy： normal-waxy： fractured-waxy showing the acceptable value of X$^2$ test of independence.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2001

'Chalok 1/Cooktail 51' corns, supersweet corn gene controlled by either brittle-l (bt l) or shrunken-2(sh2) gene introduced into waxy corn, showed agronomic characteristics between supersweet corn and waxy corn. The ears were harvested at different development stages from 15 to 35 days after silking (DAS). Ear diameter of Cocktail 51 and 'Cocktail 51'/Chalok 1 increased from 15 DAS to 30 DAS and little increased thereafter, but that of Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 and 'Chalok l' increased until 35 DAS. Diameter of ear extension increased more in Cocktail 51 and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 corn than Chalok 1. Ear fresh weight of Cocktail 51 decreased later 30 DAS but those of the other hybrids were vice versa. Rate of super-sweet kernels per ear of Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 corns was about 38 %. Development, and elongation of kernel were much more prominent in supersweet kernel than in waxy kernel, but fresh weight increased higher in waxy kernel than supersweet kernel. Moisture content in kernel decreased from 15 DAS to 35 DAS. Total sugar content of the kernel increased until 25 DAS, and that of Cocktail 51 kernel showed the highest among of them. After cooked by steam, flavor and mastication feeling rate cooked by steam of Cocktail 51 and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 were increased from 15 DAS to 25 DAS and markedly decreased thereafter. But those of Chalok l/Cocktail 51 and, Chalok 1 were decreased after 30 DAS. These results suggested that the optimum harvest date for fresh supersweet corn (Cocktail 51), Cocktail 51/Chalok 1 seems to be about 20 DAS and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 and waxy com (Chalok 1) was about 25 DAS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 1993

On the purpose to increase the cultivation stability of the hulless waxy barley which is unstable in the northern region of Korea, the effects of genes of hulled /hulless and waxy /nonwaxy on seedling emergency was studied by using four isogenic lines of hulled -waxy, hulless -waxy, hulled -nonwaxy and hulless -nonwaxy barley. The germination rates of hulless lines lowered by four to six percent compared with those of hulled counterparts with one day's rainfall just before harvest, and were much deteriorated with raining prolonged. The gaps between emergency rates of hulless lines and their counterparts were greater than those of germination rates, and the differences increased as the seeding depths were deepened. The emergency rates of hulless lines were affected in the order of seeding depth, rotation speed of thresher and preharvest rainfall. Waxy endosperm gene did not show any significant effects on the damage of grain during threshing. It seems that the embryos of hulled lines were less damaged than those of hulless ones during threshing due to the protecting effects by husks. When grains were threshed with thresher of 600rpm or 900rpm and dehulled with dehuller of 750rpm, any significant depreciations such as broken seeds and decreased germination rate did not occured in hulled lines. But the grains of hulless lines received some damages with the rotation speeds, especially germination rates decreased seriously when the rotation speed of de huller was high. Prehavest sprout rates of the lines incorporated with the waxy genes were higher than those with nonwaxy genes whereas the genes of hulled and hulless did not give any significant effects.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2024

Pet rabbits are affected by the highly contagious ectoparasite Psoroptes (P.) ovis, which carries significant economic implications for the global rabbit industry. Accurate identification of the mite species remains essential to implement effective treatment and control strategies. Two approximately one-year-old female pet rabbits were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungbuk National University due to excessive scratching of the ears and the presence of waxy debris within the ear canals. Mites were isolated from the waxy debris extracted from the ear canals and subsequently identified as Psoroptes spp. through microscopic examination. Species confirmation was achieved through mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene analysis. The analysis revealed the mites to be P. ovis based on cox1 gene sequences. The deposited GenBank accession numbers for these sequences are OR985022 and OR985023. This represents the first report of mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences of P. ovis isolated from pet rabbits in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.371-388
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• 2008

Phylogenetic studies were conducted for 35 populations of the subfamily Coryloideae (Betulaceae) based on waxy gene of nuclear DNA and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region of chloroplast DNA. Waxy data analysis suggest that Coryloideae is monophyletic; Corylus is monophyletic and basally branching within the subfamily Coryloideae; Ostryopsis is sister to the Carpinus and Ostrya clade, and the Ostrya is monophyletic (BS=86, PP=99). AtpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region analysis shows that Ostryopsis appeared as the most basal clade within the Coryloideae; Corylus is monophyletic(BS=98, PP=100) and placed between Carpinus-Ostrya and Ostryopsis clade; Carpinus and Ostrya formed a clade with a high support value(BS=100, PP=100). Carpinus sect. Carpinus is monophyletic, whereas sect. Distegocarpus is paraphyletic in the waxy tree. Corylus formed two subclades, but discordance at the infrageneric classification based on morphological characters. In the atpB-rbcL tree, Carpinus and Corylus taxa form a polytomy within the each clade. Results from the two data sets differ mainly in the relative position of Ostryopsis, the monophyly of Ostrya, and the relationships within the Carpinus-Ostrya clade. Further studies are needed for clarify the taxonomic position and the generic limitation.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.250-257
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• 2008

Knowledge of genetic diversity and of the genetic relationships among elite breeding materials has had a significant impact on the improvement of crops. In maize, this information is particularly useful in i) planning crosses for hybrid and line development, ii) in assigning lines to heterotic groups and iii) in plant variety protection. We have used the SSR technique to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 76 Korean waxy corn accessions, representing a diverse collection from throughout Korea. Assessment of genetic diversity among members of this group was conducted using 30 microsatellite markers. Among these 30 microsatellite markers, we identified a total of 127 alleles (with an average of 4.2 and a range of between 2 and 9 alleles per locus). Gene diversity at these 30 microsatellite loci varied from 0.125 to 0.795 with an average of 0.507. The cluster tree generated with the described microsatellite markers recognized two major groups with 36.5% genetic similarity. Group I includes 63 inbred lines, with similarity coefficients of between 0.365 and 0.99. Group II includes 13 inbred lines, with similarity coefficients of between 0.45 and 0.85. The present study indicates that the 30 microsatellite loci chosen for this analysis are effective molecular markers for the assessment of genetic diversity and genetic relationships between Korean waxy corn accessions. Specifically, this study's assessment of genetic diversity and relationships between a set of 76 Korean waxy corn inbred lines will be helpful for such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and line development and association mapping analyses of maize breeding programs in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.30.1-30.1
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2007

This study was carried out to identity the major characteristics of inbred lines and to develop early waxy colored hybrid at the Maize Genetics and Breeding Lab. in Chungnam National University. The eight colored waxy maize were planted on April 27, 2007 under Randomized Completely Block (RCB) Design with three replications. Stem height of IK1/H26-2 and Heunchal lines in this experiment were high as 196cm and 186cm compared to control as 156cm, respectively, while ear height of Local-2 and IK/LE were lower than that of check and ear diameter of IK/H26-1, IK/H26-2 and Local-2 were 10.3mm, 17.7mm and 18mm compared to control (21mm), respectively. Days to tasseling of Local-1, Local-2, and IK/LE lines were earlier than check. As a result of this experiment, the developed inbred lines were regard as useful germplasm for early hybrid development.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

Granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), also known as the '"waxy protein'", is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in the amyloplasts of cereal crops. In hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), GBSS is involved in amylose synthesis and rolls as an important factor to determine flour quality and end-use quality in food products. Genes on three Wx loci have been found to encode GBSS in common wheats. We developed techniques for the purification and separation of GBSS in wheat. Three major GBSS isoforms, which were encoded by the genes on three loci, Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 migrating differently by one dimensional SDS-po-lyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE), were identified. GBSS from 66 Korean hard and soft winter wheats were purified and determined for their Wx loci and four of them were identified possessing a null allele either at the Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 loci. With help of identification of three GBSS isoforms using 1D SDS-PAGE system, we are able to identify and monitor Wx gene expressions in breeding materials for developing waxy or partial waxy wheats without experiencing consecutive selecting generations.cting generations.