• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.189-203
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• 2012

New experiments focusing on the evolution characteristics of nonlinear wave trains were conducted in a large wave flume. A series of wave trains with added sidebands, varying initial steepness, perturbed amplitudes and frequencies, were physically generated in a long wave flume. The experimental results show that the increasing wave steepness, increases the speed of sidebands growth. To study the frequency and phase modulation, the Morlet wavelet transform is adopted to extract the instantaneous frequency of wave trains and the phase functions of each wave component. From the instantaneous frequency, there are local frequency downshifts, even an effective frequency downshift was not observed. The frequency modulation increases with an increase in amplitude modulation, and abrupt changes of instantaneous frequencies occur at the peak modulation. The wrapped phase functions show that in the early stage of the modulation, the phase of the upper sideband first diverges from that of the carrier waves. However, at the later stage, the discrepancy phase from the carrier wave transformed to the lower sideband. The phase deviations appear in the front of the envelope's peaks. Furthermore, the evolution of the instantaneous frequency exhibits an approximate recurrence-type for the experiment with large imposed sidebands, even when the corresponding recurrence is not observed in the Fourier spectrum.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Modulation theory describes propagation of surface waves with deep wave number and frequency modulation. Locally spectrally narrow wave packet can have accumulated large scale frequency shift of carrier wave during propagation. Some important nonlinear modulation effects, such as negative frequencies, phase kinks, crest pairing, etc., often observed experimentally at long fetch propagation of finite amplitude surface wave trains, are reproduced by the proposed theory. The presented model permits also to analyze the appropriately short surface wave packets and modulation periods. Solutions show the wave phase kinks to arise on areas' of relatively small free surface displacement in complete accordance with the experiments.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2008

High-speed harmonic optical modulation-demodulation schemes are presented and a possibility of the schemes for applying to high-speed light wave transmission system is tested at microwave frequency range. An example of this concept is as follows : Light wave is modulated succeedingly through cascaded optical modulators by a sub-carrier to produce a modulated light wave at harmonic frequency which is higher than the feasible frequency of the individual modulators. For demodulation of the base-band signal, the high frequency optical sub-carrier is down-converted by the same kind of optical modulator with the same concept of harmonic modulation.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 후기학술대회논문집
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• pp.200-201
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• 2005

This paper is analyzed a new modulation method of OSW(Optimized Sine-Wave) modulation strategy for cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter. The inverter structure was modified with the maximum output voltage level, and the switching angle was calculated easily to adjust the requested Vrms of the output. The suggested modulation method could make output waveform very close to the ideal sine wave, and the THD value was improved also remarkably.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1995

고밀도 helicon wave 플라즈마의 특성 및 이온 에너지 분포에 관하여 연구하였다. Helicon wave에 의하여 고밀도의 플라즈마를 형성시키는 helicon mode와 capacitive field가 지배적이어서 electrostatic 방전이 되어 저밀도의 플라즈마를 형성시키는 low mode가 존재하는 것을 관찰하였다. rf modulation된 플라즈마 전위가 이온 에너지 분석기를 통하여 얻어지는 이온 에너지 분포에 미치는 영향을 이론 및 실험적으로 관찰하였다. 이온 에너지 분포의 분석을 통하여 low mode에서는 플라즈마 전위가 rf 주파수로 Vp-p의 크기로 modulation되는 것을 확인하였다. Helicon mode에서는 inductive field가 capacitive field보다 우세하기 때문에 플라즈마 전위의 rf modulation은 일어나지 않았다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 스텝 펄스형의 멀티레벨 인버터에 적용하기 위한 새로운 사인파 변조기법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 변조기법은 레벨수의 증가에 무관하게 스위칭 각의 계산이 쉽고, 각각의 스텝에서 이상적인 정현파와 수학적으로 동일한 실효치를 출력하도록 설계되었으며, 높은 출력레벨의 스텝펄스형 멀티레벨 인버터에서 정현파를 근사적으로 추종하는 파형을 생성할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 셀 전압비를 이용하여 출력 레벨을 확장한 3셀 구조의 13레벨 케스케이드 H-브리지형 멀티레벨 인버터에 대하여 제안된 변조기법을 적용하였으며 시뮬레이션 및 실험을 통하여 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1923-1930
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• 2000

A bar with periodically nonuniform material properties is selected as a one-dimensional model of a flat-panel speaker. This paper describes a theoretical approach to the bending waves propagating i n the nonuniform bar. The phase speed of the wave is obtained using perturbation techniques for small amplitude, sinusoidal modulation of the flexural rigidity and mass density. It is shown that the wave speed is decreased due to the nonuniformity of the material properties by the amount proportional to the square of the modulation amplitude. The resonance occurring when the wavelength is half of the period of the material properties is analyzed by the method of multiple scales. It is also shown that the wave speed at the resonance mode is decreased by the amount proportional to the modulation amplitude but the wave of this mode does not propagate far enough due to attenuation.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2009

In this study, the wave profiles and kinematics of highly nonlinear waves at various water depths were calculated using a 2D fully nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank (NWT). The NWT was developed based on the Boundary Element Method (BEM) with the potential theory and the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) time marching scheme by 4th-order Runge-Kutta time integration. The spatial variation of intermediate-depth waves along the direction of wave propagation was caused by the unintended generation of 2nd-order free waves, which were originally investigated both theoretically and experimentally by Goda (1998). These free waves were induced by the mismatch between the linear motion of wave maker and nonlinear displacement of water particles adjacent to the maker. When the 2nd-order wave maker motion was applied, the spatial modulation of the waves caused by the free waves was not observed. The respective magnitudes of the nonlinear wave components for various water depths were compared. It was found that the high-order wave components greatly increase as the water depth decreases. The wave kinematics at various locations were calculated and compared with the linear and the Stokes 2nd-order theories.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2002년도 제13회 정기총회 및 2002년도 동계학술발표회
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• pp.178-179
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• 2002

We generate optical millimeter-waves by double-sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation using a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator biased at the minimum power. The DSB-SC modulation allows the high-frequency intensity modulation for millimeter-wave generation at the twice of the MZ modulator driving frequency.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.512-522
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• 2014

This paper proposes fast millimeter-wave (mm-wave) beam training protocols with receive beamforming. Both IEEE standards and the academic literature have generally considered beam training protocols involving exhaustive search over all possible beam directions for both the beamforming initiator and responder. However, this operation requires a long time (and thus overhead) when the beamwidth is quite narrow such as for mm-wave beams ($1^{\circ}$ in the worst case). To alleviate this problem, we propose two types of adaptive beam training protocols for fixed and adaptive modulation, respectively, which take into account the unique propagation characteristics of millimeter waves. For fixed modulation, the proposed protocol allows for interactive beam training, stopping the search when a local maximum of the power angular spectrum is found that is sufficient to support the chosen modulation/coding scheme. We furthermore suggest approaches to prioritize certain directions determined from the propagation geometry, long-term statistics, etc. For adaptive modulation, the proposed protocol uses iterative multi-level beam training concepts for fast link configuration that provide an exhaustive search with significantly lower complexity. Our simulation results verify that the proposed protocol performs better than traditional exhaustive search in terms of the link configuration speed for mobile wireless service applications.