• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2005

The study investigated the nondestructive characteristics of damage, caused by law-velocity impact, on symmetric cross-ply laminates, composed of [0o/90o]16s, 24s, 32s, 48s. The thickness of the laminates was 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm, respectively. The impact machine used, Model 8250 Dynatup Instron, was a drop-weight type that employed gravity. The impact velocities used in this experiment were 0.75, 0.90, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.35 m/sec, respectively. Both the load and the deformation increased when the impact velocity was increased. Further, when the load increased with the laminate thickness in the same impact velocity, the deformation still decreased. The extensional velocity was quick, as the laminate thickness increased in the same impact velocity and the impact velocity increased in the same laminate thickness. In the ultrasonic scans, the damaged area represented a dimmed zone. This is due to the fact that the wave, after the partial reflection by the deflects, does not have enough energy to touch the opposite side or to come back from it. The damaged laminate areas differed, according to the laminate thickness and the impact velocity. The extensional velocities are lower in the 0o direction and higher in the 90o direction, when the size of the defect increases. However, it was difficult to draw any conclusion for the extensional velocities in the 45o direction.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.249-264
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• 2017

In this paper free linear vibration of lattice composite conical shells will be investigated. Lattice composite conical shell consists of composite helical ribs and thin outer skin. A smeared method is employed to obtain the variable coefficients of stiffness of conical shell. The ribs are modeled as a beam and in addition to the axial loads, endure shear loads and bending moments. Therefore, theoretical formulations are based on first-order shear deformation theory of shell. For verification of the obtained results, comparison is made with those available in open literature. Also, using FEM software the 3D finite element model of composite lattice conical shell is built and analyzed. Comparing results of analytical and numerical analyses show a good agreement between them. Some special cases as variation of geometric parameters of lattice part, effect of the boundary conditions and influence of the circumferential wave numbers on the natural frequencies of the conical shell are studied. It is concluded, when mass and the geometrical ratio of the composite lattice conical shell do not change, increment the semi vertex angle of cone leads to increase the natural frequencies. Moreover for shell thicknesses greater than a specific value, the presence of the lattice structure has not significant effect on the natural frequencies. The obtained results have novelty and can be used for further and future researches.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3B호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 잠제의 평면배치형상(이안거리, 개구율)에 따라 해빈상을 전파하는 풍파의 처오름 높이 변화특성을 논의하기 위하여, 파 투과성구조물 해빈의 상호간섭을 직접해석할 수 있는 3D-수치모델(LES-WASS-3D; 허와 이, 2007)을 이용하였다. 먼저, 기존의 수리모형 실험치와 본 연구의 계산치를 비교 검토하여 이용한 수치모델의 타당성 및 유효성을 검증한 후, 잠제 2기의 평면배치의 변화에 따른 수치시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 결과로서 얻어진 잠제 주변의 파고분포 및 상층흐름 특성 등과 관련하여 연안에서의 처오름 높이를 검토한 결과, 처오름 높이 감소에 효율적인 잠제의 이안거리는 $Y/L_i=1.50{\sim}1.75$, 개구율은 $W/L_r=0.50$인 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.168-178
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• 2021

방파제 형식에 따른 반사율 변화가 해저지형에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 수치 모의를 수행하였다. 수치 모형은 OpenFoam 기반 tool box인 OlaFlow와 물리기반 지형모형[SeoulFoam]으로 구성하였으며, 이 과정에서 침·퇴적으로 인해 변형을 겪는 해저지형과 내습하는 파랑 간의 상호작용은 Dynamic Mesh를 활용하여 기술하였다. 다양한 반사 특성을 보이는 사석 경사제, 직립제, 곡면 슬릿 케이슨 방파제는 서로 다른 정상파를 결과하였으며, 이는 해저지형에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 저면 유속이 상대적으로 큰 정상파 마디[node]에서 연행된 모래가 경계층 drift에 의해 배[antinode]로 이송된다는 Nielsen(1993)의 연구 결과와도 일치한다. 이렇게 재배치되는 모래로 정상파의 배[antinode]에는 sand wave의 마루, 마디[antinode] 인근에는 sand wave의 곡이 형성되었으며, sand wave 진폭은 반사계수가 우월한 곡면 슬릿 케이슨에서 가장 크게 관측되었다. 이러한 현상은 반사계수가 큰 경우 마디에서의 저면 유속 증가로 상대적으로 많은 모래가 연행되어 발생하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.132-142
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• 2017

As the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recently introduced the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships building and the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) for ship operation, thus an accurate estimation of added resistance of ships advancing in waves has become necessary. In the present study, OpenFOAM, computational fluid dynamics libraries of which source codes are opened to the public, was used to calculate the added resistance and motions of the KCS. Unstructured grid using a hanging-node and cut-cell method was used to generate dense grid around a wave and KCS. A dynamic deformation mesh method was used to consider the motions of the KCS. Five wavelengths from a short wavelength (${\lambda}/LPP=0.65$) to a long wavelength (${\lambda}/LPP=1.95$) were considered. The added resistance and the heave & pitch motions calculated for various waves were compared with the results of model experiments.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2024

The cultural heritage of fortresses is often exposed to external elements, leading to significant damage from stone weathering and natural disasters. However, due to the nature of cultural heritage, dismantling and restoration are often impractical. Therefore, the stability of fortress cultural heritage was evaluated through non-destructive testing. The durability of masonry cultural heritages is greatly influenced by the physical characteristics of the back-fille material. Dynamic characteristics were assessed, and endoscopy was used to inspect internal fillings. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was developed considering the surrounding ground through elastic wave exploration. The analysis showed that the loss of internal fillings in the target cultural heritage site could lead to further deformation in the future, emphasizing the need for careful observation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2021

The influence of ground motions on the seismic response of utility tunnels was investigated. A series of small-scale shaking table model tests were carried out under uniform excitation in the transverse direction. Different peak accelerations of EL-Centro and Taft earthquake waves were applied. The acceleration responses, earth pressure, seismic strain, bending moment and structure deformations were measured and discussed. The results showed that the types of earthquake waves had significant influences on the soil-structure acceleration responses. However, the amplitude of the soil acceleration along the depth showed consistent variation regardless of the types of earthquake waves and tunnels. The horizontal soil pressure near the top and bottom slabs showed obviously larger values than those at other depths. In general, the strain response in the outer surface was more significant than that on the inner surface, and the peak strain in the end section of the model was larger than that in the middle section. Moreover, the bending moment at the corner points was much larger than that at middle point, and the bending moment was greatly affected by both input accelerations and seismic wave types. The opposite direction of shear deformation on the top and bottom slabs presented a rotation trend of the model structure.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.242-252
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• 2018

진동수주형의 파력발전구조물(OWC-WEC)는 파랑에너지 흡수장치 중에 가장 효율적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 장치는 공기실 내부에서 해수면의 상 하운동을 공기흐름으로 변환하고, Wells 터빈으로 대표되는 터빈의 구동력으로부터 전기에너지가 생산된다. 따라서, 높은 전기에너지를 얻기 위해서는 공기실 내부에서의 수면변동에 피스톤모드의 공진을 유발시켜 수면진동을 증폭시킬 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 해수소통구를 구비한 신형식의 OWC-WEC를 상정하고, 구조물에 의한 파랑변형, 공기실 내에서 수면변동과 노즐에서 공기유출속도 및 해수소통구에서 해수흐름속도를 수치해석적으로 상세히 평가한다. 수치해석모델은 Navier-Stokes solver의 혼상류해석기법에 기초한 공개 CFD code인 OLAFLOW 모델을 적용하며, 모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 기존의 실험결과 및 수치해석결과와를 비교 논의한다. 본 연구의 범위 내에서 Ursell수가 커질수록 노즐에서 공기흐름속도가 증가하며, 공기실 내부에서 외부로 유출되는 공기속도가 외부에서 공기실 내부로 유입되는 공기속도보다 더 크다 등의 중요한 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1997

Understanding the nonlinear flow caused by orographic effects can be valuable in siting of new businesses, industries, and transportation facilities. In spite of recent work on large-amplitude waves and wave breaking, the studies of flow around large scale mountains have just begun. The generative mechanism of lee vortices in the lee of large scale mountain is investigated by Ertel's theorem. The CSU RAMS is used as a numerical model. According to the numerical results, the isentropes are depressed behind the large scale mountains. This means the vortex lines must run upward and downward along the depression surface because vortex lines adhere to isentropic surfaces. Therefore, the vertically oriented vorticity can be formed in the lee of the large scale mountain. This vorticity plays an important role for orographic precipitation, because strong vertical velocity and cloud bands are developed along isothermal deformation surface.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1988

A beach nourishment method can be used as one of the beach. The beach nourishment is affected br a natural condition and an artificial condition; a natural condtion include conditions of bottom slope, diameter of bottom materials and wave, and an artificial condition include deposit position, method, diameter and quantity of the nourishing sand. To obtain and the best diameter of the nourishing sand a two-dimensional hydraulic model test, which simulates the erosional beach, has been accmplished. In this study the protection of the beach erosion can be maximized when the nourishing sand of 0.84mm in diameter, which is about 2.5-3.5 times of the natural bottom materials in diameter.